diff --git a/Physical_modelling.tex b/Physical_modelling.tex index ba6e1c3..b47fbe7 100755 --- a/Physical_modelling.tex +++ b/Physical_modelling.tex @@ -404,9 +404,9 @@ The notations that we have adopted for this notation are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-notation}. Some of these are adapted from other notations, -while some we have created ourselves. The symbols have been chosen so as -to be as intuitive as possible, while not being so complex as to produce -a cluttered and confusing diagram. Physical models may be developed +while some we have created ourselves. The symbols have been chosen to be +intuitive and simple to draw, so as to produce diagrams that are as +clear and uncluttered as possible. Physical models may be developed using this notation either with or without a prior Beynon-Davies style analysis. @@ -417,19 +417,19 @@ \subfigure[Indexes]{\label{fig-notation-index}\includegraphics[scale=0.9]{notation-index}} \hfill \subfigure[Hashing]{\label{fig-notation-hash}\includegraphics[scale=0.9]{notation-hash}} \\ - \hfill \subfigure[Clustering]{\label{fig-notation-cluster}\includegraphics[scale=0.9]{notation-cluster}} \hfill \subfigure[Partitoning]{\label{fig-notation-partition}\includegraphics[scale=0.9]{notation-partition}} - \hfill \\ + \hfill \subfigure[Replication]{\label{fig-notation-replica}\includegraphics[scale=0.9]{notation-replica}} - \caption{Notations for physical tuning techniques} + \caption{Proposed notations for physical tuning techniques} \label{fig-notation} \end{figure} A physical table is represented by a simple box, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-notation-table}. This is similar to most logical and -conceptual level ERD notations. +conceptual level ERD notations. The fields of the physical table may be +included, with or without physical data types, as appropriate. Indexes are represented by a small tree-like symbol within a table, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-notation-index}. The index key is listed next to @@ -439,8 +439,11 @@ Clustering is represented by nesting one table inside another, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-notation-cluster} (adapted from -\cite{BeDa-P-1992-PDD}). This notation is intuitive, and clearly -indicates the field(s) on which the records are clustered. +\cite{BeDa-P-1992-PDD}). The cluster key is indicated by an asterisk (*) +attached to the appropriate field(s). Tables may be nested to as many +levels as required in order to represent more complex clustering +schemes. This notation is intuitive, and clearly indicates the field(s) +on which the records are clustered. Partitioning is represented by splitting a table into either vertical or horizontal partitions according to the style of partitioning, as shown @@ -448,10 +451,13 @@ \cite{Silb-A-2002-4E}). Once again, the notation is intuitive, and allows the partition definitions to be easily indicated. -Replication is indicated by including multiple copies of the same table, -with a diagonal bar across the corner of each replica, as shown in -Fig.~\ref{fig-notation-replica}. This is adapted from a similar notation -used in data flow diagrams \cite{Gane-C-1979}. +Replication is indicated by placing a diagonal bar across the +bottom-right corner of the table to be replicated, along with the total +number of replicas, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-notation-replica}. This is +adapted from a similar notation used in data flow diagrams +\cite{Gane-C-1979}. This notation could also be used to indicate +replication of individual table partitions, for DBMSs that permit this +combination. % The graphical notations use in this model is not complex and cluttered. % This is to enable a database designer to simplify the physical design in @@ -463,13 +469,14 @@ % were available to choose from. Consider the entity-relationship diagram shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-ERD}, -which depicts a database for a consumer electronics manufacturer. A -corresponding Beynon-Davies' composite usage map based on the fourteen -most significant transactions is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-Beynon-Davies}. -The arrows represent physical access paths, while the number attached to -each access path indicates the number of disk accesses per hour along -that path. The diagram clearly highlights some potential performance -problem areas in the database, for example: +which uses Martin notation \cite{Mart-J-1990-IE2} to depict a database +for a consumer electronics manufacturer. A corresponding Beynon-Davies' +composite usage map based on the fourteen most significant transactions +is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-Beynon-Davies}. The arrows represent physical +access paths, while the number attached to each access path indicates +the number of disk accesses per hour along that path. The diagram +clearly highlights some potential performance problem areas in the +database, for example: \begin{itemize} \item There are many disk accesses on the access paths between the @@ -502,11 +509,13 @@ \end{figure} The suggestions above can be represented as a physical model using our -proposed modelling notation, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-physical-model}. -Note that we have placed indexes on all primary keys as a matter of -course. +proposed modelling notation, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-physical-model} +(some details have been omitted to save space). Note that we have placed +indexes on all primary keys as a matter of course. \begin{figure} +% \includegraphics[angle=90,scale=0.9]{Physical-Model} + \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth,keepaspectratio]{Physical-Model} \caption{Physical database model for the example database} \label{fig-physical-model} \end{figure}