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  5.     <title>UTas ePrints - Cooling rates and body temperature regulation of hibernating echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus)</title>
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  21. <meta content="Cooling rates and body temperature regulation of hibernating echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus)
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  31. <meta content="Echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) are amongst the largest deep hibernators, but it is difficult to get them to hibernate normally under laboratory conditions. We measured body temperature (Tb) in 14 free-ranging echidnas using implanted data-loggers. Cooling during entry into hibernation bouts followed a Newtonian cooling curve, and conductances calculated from cooling curves were identical to those observed in cold exposed euthermic echidnas. Comparison with a reference soil temperature demonstrated that echidnas showed behavioural thermoregulation during hibernation; early in the hibernation season echidnas preferred to hibernate in cool areas, while during the coldest months they moved to warmer hibernacula, giving a preferred Tb in the range 8-10{degrees}C. Thermal buffering against excessive variation in Tb may be as important as maintaining a low Tb." name="eprints.abstract" />
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  43. <meta content="Bakken, G. S. (1976). An improved method for determining thermal conductance and equilibrium body temperature with cooling curve experiments. J.Therm. Biol. 1, 169-175.
  44. Bakken, G. S. and Gates, D. M. (1974). Heat loss from a Newtonian animal. J. Theor. Biol. 45, 283-292.
  45. Buck, C. L. and Barnes, B. M. (2000). Effects of ambient temperature on metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, and torpor in an arctic hibernator. Am. J. Physiol .Regul Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279, R255-262.
  46. Geiser, F. (2004). Metabolic rate and body temperature reduction during hibernation and daily torpor. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 66, 239-274.
  47. Green, B., Griffiths, M. and Newgrain, K. (1992). Seasonal patterns in water, sodium and energy turnover in free- living echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Mammalia, Monotremata). J. Zool. 227, 351-365.
  48. Grigg, G. and Beard, L. (2000). Hibernation by echidnas in mild climates: Hints about the evolution of endothermy? In Life in the cold: Eleventh international hibernation symposium, eds. G. Heldmaier and M. Klingenspor), pp. 5-19. Berlin: Springer.
  49. Grigg, G., Beard, L. and Augee, M. (2004). The evolution of endothermy and its diversity in mammals and birds. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 77, 982-997.
  50. Grigg, G. C., Augee, M. L. and Beard, L. A. (1992). Thermal relations of free-living echidnas during activity and in hibernation in a cold climate. In Platypus and Echidnas, (ed. M. L. Augee), pp. 160-173. Mosman: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales.
  51. Heldmaier, G. and Elvert, R. (2004). How to enter torpor: thermodynamic and physiological mechanisms of metabolic depression. In Life in the Cold: Evolution, Mechanisms, Adaptation and Application, Twelfth International Hibernation Symposium, eds. B. M. Barnes and H. V. Carey), pp. 183-198. Fairbanks, Alaska, USA: Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska.
  52. Heldmaier, G., Steiger, R. and Ruf, T. (1993). Suppression of metabolic rate in hibernation. In Life in the Cold: Ecological, Physiological, and Molecular Mechanisms, eds. C. Carey G. L. Florant B. A. Wunder and B. Horwitz), pp. 545-548. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
  53. Körtner, G. and Geiser, F. (1998). Ecology of natural hibernation in the marsupial mountain pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus). Oecologia 113, 170-178.
  54. Lasiewski, R. C. and Lasiewski, R., J. (1967). Physiological responses of Blue-throated and Rivoli's hummingbirds. Auk 84, 34-48.
  55. Lyman, C. P. (1982). Why bother to hibernate? In Hibernation and Torpor in Mammals and Birds, eds. C. P. Lyman J. S. Willis A. Malan and L. C. H. Wang), pp. 1-10. New York: Academic Press.
  56. Martin, C. J. (1902). Thermal adjustment and respiratory exchange in monotremes and marsupials.- A study in the development of homoeothermism. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 195, 1-37.
  57. McNab, B. K. (1984). Physiological convergence amongst ant-eating and termite-eating mammals. J. Zool. 203, 485-510.
  58. McNab, B. K. (2002). The physiological ecology of vertebrates: a view from energetics. New York: Cornell University Press.
  59. Nicol, S. and Andersen, N. A. (2003). Control of breathing in the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) during hibernation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A.  Mol. Integr. Physiol. 136, 917-925.
  60. Nicol, S. C. and Andersen, N. A. (1993). The physiology of hibernation in an egg-laying mammal, the echidna. In Life in the Cold III: Ecological, Physiological, and Molecular Mechanisms, eds. C. Carey G. F. Florant B. A. Wunder and B. Horwitz), pp. 55-64: Westview Press.
  61. Nicol, S. C. and Andersen, N. A. (1996). Hibernation in the echidna: not an adaptation to cold? In Adaptations to the Cold: Tenth International HibernationSymposium, eds. F. Geiser A. J. Hulbert and S. C. Nicol), pp. 7-12. Armidale: University of New England Press.
  62. Nicol, S. C. and Andersen, N. A. (2000). Patterns of hibernation of echidnas in Tasmania. In Life in the Cold: Eleventh International Hibernation Symposium, eds. G. Heldmaier and M. Klingenspor), pp. 21-29. Berlin: Springer.
  63. Nicol, S. C. and Andersen, N. A. (2002). The timing of hibernation in Tasmanian echidnas: why do they do it when they do? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 131, 603-611.
  64. Nicol, S. C. and Andersen, N. A. (in press). The life history of an egg-laying mammal, the echidna. Ecoscience accepted 10 April 2006 http://www.ecoscience.ulaval.ca/E_default.htm.
  65. Nicol, S. C. and Andersen, N. A. (in press). Rewarming rates and thermogenesis in hibernating echidnas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A.  Mol. Integr. Physiol 
  66. Nicol, S. C., Andersen, N. A. and Mesch, U. (1992). Metabolic rate and ventilatory pattern in the echidna during hibernation and arousal. In Platypus and Echidnas, (ed. M. L. Augee), pp. 150-159: Royal Zoological Society of NSW.
  67. Ortmann, S. and Heldmaier, G. (2000). Regulation of body temperature and energy requirements of hibernating Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota). Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 278, R698-704.
  68. Robertson, S. L. and Smith, E. N. (1981). Thermal conductance and its relation to time constants. J.Therm. Biol. 6, 129-143.
  69. Smith, E. N. (1976). Heating and cooling rates of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Physiol. Zool. 49.
  70. Snyder, G. K. and Nestler, J. R. (1990). Relationships between body temperature, thermal conductance, Q10 and energy metabolism during daily torpor and hibernation in rodents. J Comp. Physiol. (B). 159, 667-675.
  71. Wilz, M. and Heldmaier, G. (2000). Comparison of hibernation, estivation and daily torpor in the edible dormouse, Glis glis. J. Comp. Physiol. (B) 170, 511-21.
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  197.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Cooling rates and body temperature regulation of hibernating echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus)</h1>
  198.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Nicol, Stewart C.</span> and <span class="person_name">Andersen, Niels A.</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Cooling rates and body temperature regulation of hibernating echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus).</xhtml:em> Journal of Experimental Biology, 210 (4). pp. 586-592. ISSN 1477-9145</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/716/1/Nicol_et_al._2007_Cooling_rates_and_body_temperature_regulation_of_hibernating_echidnas_(Tachyglossus_aculeatus)_J_Exp_Biol.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/716/1/Nicol_et_al._2007_Cooling_rates_and_body_temperature_regulation_of_hibernating_echidnas_(Tachyglossus_aculeatus)_J_Exp_Biol.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />320Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input value="728" name="docid" accept-charset="utf-8" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02701">http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02701</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) are amongst the largest deep hibernators, but it is difficult to get them to hibernate normally under laboratory conditions. We measured body temperature (Tb) in 14 free-ranging echidnas using implanted data-loggers. Cooling during entry into hibernation bouts followed a Newtonian cooling curve, and conductances calculated from cooling curves were identical to those observed in cold exposed euthermic echidnas. Comparison with a reference soil temperature demonstrated that echidnas showed behavioural thermoregulation during hibernation; early in the hibernation season echidnas preferred to hibernate in cool areas, while during the coldest months they moved to warmer hibernacula, giving a preferred Tb in the range 8-10{degrees}C. Thermal buffering against excessive variation in Tb may be as important as maintaining a low Tb.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Limited downloads available from: http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/210/4/586.pdf?ijkey=9BR05ajZ0Xojxba&amp;keytype=finite&#13;
  199. </td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">echidna, monotreme, hibernation, cooling, thermoregulation, conductance</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270799.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270700 Ecology and Evolution &gt; 270799 Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270604.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270600 Physiology &gt; 270604 Comparative Physiology</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270601.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270600 Physiology &gt; 270601 Animal Physiology - Biophysics</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">716</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Associate Professor Stewart C. Nicol</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">08 Feb 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">11 Feb 2008 11:45</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=716;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=716">item control page</a></p>
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