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  5.     <title>UTas ePrints - Attention is Modulated by Motivational Relevance: A Behavioural and ERP Investigation of Affective Picture Processing</title>
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  13.     <meta content="Briggs, Kate Elizabeth" name="eprints.creators_name" />
  14. <meta content="thesis" name="eprints.type" />
  15. <meta content="2007-10-22 01:30:05" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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  18. <meta content="Attention is Modulated by Motivational
  19. Relevance: A Behavioural and ERP Investigation
  20. of Affective Picture Processing" name="eprints.title" />
  21. <meta content="unpub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
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  24. <meta content="ERP evidence of affective picture processing generally agrees with one of two dominant
  25. theories. The first is that enhanced ERP responses to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli
  26. relative to neutral reflects the processing of stimulus motivational relevance, referred to
  27. as the quadratic effect, and the second is that enhanced ERP responses to unpleasant
  28. stimuli compared to pleasant and neutral stimuli reflects a negativity bias. The
  29. overarching aims of the current series of empirical studies were to identify which of the
  30. two aforementioned theories can most definitively account for affective picture
  31. processing (Phase 1); and to investigate how processes of attentional engagement and
  32. disengagement are influenced by the presence of motivationally relevant stimuli (Phase
  33. 2). Pictorial affective stimuli (high and low arousing pleasant, unpleasant, sexual, and
  34. neutral stimuli) were presented in a modified oddball paradigm to 38 participants (19
  35. male, 19 female) in Experiment 1 and 34 participants (17 male, 17 female) in Experiment
  36. 2. A negativity bias was demonstrated for P3b amplitude in Experiment 1; however
  37. significantly enhanced P3b amplitudes evoked in response to sexually explicit stimuli in
  38. Experiment 2 was not consistent with either dominant theory, and raised questions as to
  39. the separable effects of motivational relevance and sexual arousal on cognitive processes.
  40. Experiment 3 was aimed at investigating whether ERP responses are differentially
  41. modulated by the social content of affective picture stimuli. The same participants from
  42. Experiment 2 participated in Experiment 3 and the oddball task involved the presentation
  43. of low arousing social and non-social pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral stimuli. No
  44. significant differences in ERP component measures were shown between social and nonsocial
  45. pleasant, or between social and non-social unpleasant stimuli, however both P2 and
  46. P3b component amplitudes were enhanced in response to neutral faces compared with
  47. neutral objects. Factors associated with facial recognition and difficulties extracting
  48. affective information from a somewhat ambiguous neutral expression were cited as
  49. possible explanations for the observed ERP component modulations.
  50. The principal aim of Phase 2 was to investigate whether the presentation of
  51. appetitive and aversive cues influences the engagement and disengagement components
  52. of covert visual attention as inferred by responses to validly and invalidly cued targets
  53. respectively. Participants in Experiment 4 @=I9 female) and Experiment 5 @=I8
  54. female) were presented with a modified peripheral cueing paradigm, where pictorial
  55. stimuli (sexual, mutilation, threatening, and neutral) served as peripheral cues. Target
  56. processing as indexed by P1 and P3b amplitude showed significant facilitation in both
  57. Experiments 4 and 5 when targets were cued by sexual and mutilation stimuli, regardless
  58. of whether cueing was valid or invalid. It was therefore concluded that the engagement
  59. and disengagement components of covert visual attention are not differentially affected
  60. by motivationally relevant cues; rather, normal participants demonstrate a global
  61. response bias when respondmg to targets that are cued by motivationally relevant
  62. appetitive and aversive cues. The same participants from Experiment 5 were presented
  63. with a peripheral cueing paradigm in Experiment 6, which aimed to investigate the effect
  64. of phylogenetically (biological) and ontogenetically (cultural) fear-relevant stimuli on
  65. processes of covert visual attention. Pictorial stimuli depicting dangerous animals, human
  66. threat, and neutral objects served as peripheral cues. In line with preparedness theory
  67. (Seligman 1970, 1971), target processing was facilitated by the presence of animal threat
  68. stimuli compared to human threat and neutral stimuli, and also the early level of visual
  69. processing as indexed by cue-evoked P 1 amplitude was enhanced in response to
  70. phylogenetically, fear-relevant animal stimuli. A global response bias was again
  71. demonstrated in Experiment 6, and it was concluded that the attentional system of normal
  72. participants is sensitive to stimuli that have been evolutionarily associated with threat
  73. and/or fear. The current dissertation therefore has theoretical implications for the
  74. systematic study of affective picture processing. Furthermore, the introduction of a
  75. peripheral cueing paradigm to the study of affective picture processing provides a new
  76. insight into the effect that both appetitive and aversive stimuli have on processes of
  77. attentional orienting and target processing." name="eprints.abstract" />
  78. <meta content="2007-06" name="eprints.date" />
  79. <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
  80. <meta content="307" name="eprints.pages" />
  81. <meta content="University of Tasmania" name="eprints.institution" />
  82. <meta content="Psychology" name="eprints.department" />
  83. <meta content="phd" name="eprints.thesis_type" />
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  631. <meta content="Briggs, Kate Elizabeth (2007) Attention is Modulated by Motivational Relevance: A Behavioural and ERP Investigation of Affective Picture Processing. PhD thesis, University of Tasmania." name="eprints.citation" />
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  635. <meta content="Attention is Modulated by Motivational
  636. Relevance: A Behavioural and ERP Investigation
  637. of Affective Picture Processing" name="DC.title" />
  638. <meta content="Briggs, Kate Elizabeth" name="DC.creator" />
  639. <meta content="380100 Psychology" name="DC.subject" />
  640. <meta content="ERP evidence of affective picture processing generally agrees with one of two dominant
  641. theories. The first is that enhanced ERP responses to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli
  642. relative to neutral reflects the processing of stimulus motivational relevance, referred to
  643. as the quadratic effect, and the second is that enhanced ERP responses to unpleasant
  644. stimuli compared to pleasant and neutral stimuli reflects a negativity bias. The
  645. overarching aims of the current series of empirical studies were to identify which of the
  646. two aforementioned theories can most definitively account for affective picture
  647. processing (Phase 1); and to investigate how processes of attentional engagement and
  648. disengagement are influenced by the presence of motivationally relevant stimuli (Phase
  649. 2). Pictorial affective stimuli (high and low arousing pleasant, unpleasant, sexual, and
  650. neutral stimuli) were presented in a modified oddball paradigm to 38 participants (19
  651. male, 19 female) in Experiment 1 and 34 participants (17 male, 17 female) in Experiment
  652. 2. A negativity bias was demonstrated for P3b amplitude in Experiment 1; however
  653. significantly enhanced P3b amplitudes evoked in response to sexually explicit stimuli in
  654. Experiment 2 was not consistent with either dominant theory, and raised questions as to
  655. the separable effects of motivational relevance and sexual arousal on cognitive processes.
  656. Experiment 3 was aimed at investigating whether ERP responses are differentially
  657. modulated by the social content of affective picture stimuli. The same participants from
  658. Experiment 2 participated in Experiment 3 and the oddball task involved the presentation
  659. of low arousing social and non-social pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral stimuli. No
  660. significant differences in ERP component measures were shown between social and nonsocial
  661. pleasant, or between social and non-social unpleasant stimuli, however both P2 and
  662. P3b component amplitudes were enhanced in response to neutral faces compared with
  663. neutral objects. Factors associated with facial recognition and difficulties extracting
  664. affective information from a somewhat ambiguous neutral expression were cited as
  665. possible explanations for the observed ERP component modulations.
  666. The principal aim of Phase 2 was to investigate whether the presentation of
  667. appetitive and aversive cues influences the engagement and disengagement components
  668. of covert visual attention as inferred by responses to validly and invalidly cued targets
  669. respectively. Participants in Experiment 4 @=I9 female) and Experiment 5 @=I8
  670. female) were presented with a modified peripheral cueing paradigm, where pictorial
  671. stimuli (sexual, mutilation, threatening, and neutral) served as peripheral cues. Target
  672. processing as indexed by P1 and P3b amplitude showed significant facilitation in both
  673. Experiments 4 and 5 when targets were cued by sexual and mutilation stimuli, regardless
  674. of whether cueing was valid or invalid. It was therefore concluded that the engagement
  675. and disengagement components of covert visual attention are not differentially affected
  676. by motivationally relevant cues; rather, normal participants demonstrate a global
  677. response bias when respondmg to targets that are cued by motivationally relevant
  678. appetitive and aversive cues. The same participants from Experiment 5 were presented
  679. with a peripheral cueing paradigm in Experiment 6, which aimed to investigate the effect
  680. of phylogenetically (biological) and ontogenetically (cultural) fear-relevant stimuli on
  681. processes of covert visual attention. Pictorial stimuli depicting dangerous animals, human
  682. threat, and neutral objects served as peripheral cues. In line with preparedness theory
  683. (Seligman 1970, 1971), target processing was facilitated by the presence of animal threat
  684. stimuli compared to human threat and neutral stimuli, and also the early level of visual
  685. processing as indexed by cue-evoked P 1 amplitude was enhanced in response to
  686. phylogenetically, fear-relevant animal stimuli. A global response bias was again
  687. demonstrated in Experiment 6, and it was concluded that the attentional system of normal
  688. participants is sensitive to stimuli that have been evolutionarily associated with threat
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  690. systematic study of affective picture processing. Furthermore, the introduction of a
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  808.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Attention is Modulated by Motivational Relevance: A Behavioural and ERP Investigation of Affective Picture Processing</h1>
  809.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Briggs, Kate Elizabeth</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Attention is Modulated by Motivational Relevance: A Behavioural and ERP Investigation of Affective Picture Processing.</xhtml:em> PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2877' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2277/1/01front_Kbriggs.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2877' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2877"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2277/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2277/1/01front_Kbriggs.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Front Matter)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />372Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2878' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2277/2/02whole_kbriggs.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2878' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2878"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2277/thumbnails/2/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2277/2/02whole_kbriggs.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Whole Thesis)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />4037Kb</td></tr></table><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">ERP evidence of affective picture processing generally agrees with one of two dominant&#13;
  810. theories. The first is that enhanced ERP responses to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli&#13;
  811. relative to neutral reflects the processing of stimulus motivational relevance, referred to&#13;
  812. as the quadratic effect, and the second is that enhanced ERP responses to unpleasant&#13;
  813. stimuli compared to pleasant and neutral stimuli reflects a negativity bias. The&#13;
  814. overarching aims of the current series of empirical studies were to identify which of the&#13;
  815. two aforementioned theories can most definitively account for affective picture&#13;
  816. processing (Phase 1); and to investigate how processes of attentional engagement and&#13;
  817. disengagement are influenced by the presence of motivationally relevant stimuli (Phase&#13;
  818. 2). Pictorial affective stimuli (high and low arousing pleasant, unpleasant, sexual, and&#13;
  819. neutral stimuli) were presented in a modified oddball paradigm to 38 participants (19&#13;
  820. male, 19 female) in Experiment 1 and 34 participants (17 male, 17 female) in Experiment&#13;
  821. 2. A negativity bias was demonstrated for P3b amplitude in Experiment 1; however&#13;
  822. significantly enhanced P3b amplitudes evoked in response to sexually explicit stimuli in&#13;
  823. Experiment 2 was not consistent with either dominant theory, and raised questions as to&#13;
  824. the separable effects of motivational relevance and sexual arousal on cognitive processes.&#13;
  825. Experiment 3 was aimed at investigating whether ERP responses are differentially&#13;
  826. modulated by the social content of affective picture stimuli. The same participants from&#13;
  827. Experiment 2 participated in Experiment 3 and the oddball task involved the presentation&#13;
  828. of low arousing social and non-social pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral stimuli. No&#13;
  829. significant differences in ERP component measures were shown between social and nonsocial&#13;
  830. pleasant, or between social and non-social unpleasant stimuli, however both P2 and&#13;
  831. P3b component amplitudes were enhanced in response to neutral faces compared with&#13;
  832. neutral objects. Factors associated with facial recognition and difficulties extracting&#13;
  833. affective information from a somewhat ambiguous neutral expression were cited as&#13;
  834. possible explanations for the observed ERP component modulations.&#13;
  835. The principal aim of Phase 2 was to investigate whether the presentation of&#13;
  836. appetitive and aversive cues influences the engagement and disengagement components&#13;
  837. of covert visual attention as inferred by responses to validly and invalidly cued targets&#13;
  838. respectively. Participants in Experiment 4 @=I9 female) and Experiment 5 @=I8&#13;
  839. female) were presented with a modified peripheral cueing paradigm, where pictorial&#13;
  840. stimuli (sexual, mutilation, threatening, and neutral) served as peripheral cues. Target&#13;
  841. processing as indexed by P1 and P3b amplitude showed significant facilitation in both&#13;
  842. Experiments 4 and 5 when targets were cued by sexual and mutilation stimuli, regardless&#13;
  843. of whether cueing was valid or invalid. It was therefore concluded that the engagement&#13;
  844. and disengagement components of covert visual attention are not differentially affected&#13;
  845. by motivationally relevant cues; rather, normal participants demonstrate a global&#13;
  846. response bias when respondmg to targets that are cued by motivationally relevant&#13;
  847. appetitive and aversive cues. The same participants from Experiment 5 were presented&#13;
  848. with a peripheral cueing paradigm in Experiment 6, which aimed to investigate the effect&#13;
  849. of phylogenetically (biological) and ontogenetically (cultural) fear-relevant stimuli on&#13;
  850. processes of covert visual attention. Pictorial stimuli depicting dangerous animals, human&#13;
  851. threat, and neutral objects served as peripheral cues. In line with preparedness theory&#13;
  852. (Seligman 1970, 1971), target processing was facilitated by the presence of animal threat&#13;
  853. stimuli compared to human threat and neutral stimuli, and also the early level of visual&#13;
  854. processing as indexed by cue-evoked P 1 amplitude was enhanced in response to&#13;
  855. phylogenetically, fear-relevant animal stimuli. A global response bias was again&#13;
  856. demonstrated in Experiment 6, and it was concluded that the attentional system of normal&#13;
  857. participants is sensitive to stimuli that have been evolutionarily associated with threat&#13;
  858. and/or fear. The current dissertation therefore has theoretical implications for the&#13;
  859. systematic study of affective picture processing. Furthermore, the introduction of a&#13;
  860. peripheral cueing paradigm to the study of affective picture processing provides a new&#13;
  861. insight into the effect that both appetitive and aversive stimuli have on processes of&#13;
  862. attentional orienting and target processing.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Thesis (PhD)</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/380100.html">380000 Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences &gt; 380100 Psychology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2277</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">MS Heather Excell</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">22 Oct 2007 12:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2277;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2277">item control page</a></p>
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