<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>UTas ePrints - Effects of Incubation Temperature on Growth and Production of Exopolysaccharides by an Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium Grown in Batch Culture</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
<style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
<link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
<link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
<meta content="Nichols, C.A.M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Bowman, John P." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Guezennec, J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Carol.Nichols@csiro.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="John.Bowman@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-10-09 04:20:54" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
<meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
<meta content="Effects of Incubation Temperature on Growth and Production of Exopolysaccharides by an Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium Grown in Batch Culture" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="270307" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="public" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content=" " name="eprints.note" />
<meta content="The sea ice microbial community plays a key role in the productivity of the Southern Ocean. Exopolysaccharide
(EPS) is a major component of the exopolymer secreted by many marine bacteria to enhance survival
and is abundant in sea ice brine channels, but little is known about its function there. This study investigated
the effects of temperature on EPS production in batch culture by CAM025, a marine bacterium isolated from
sea ice sampled from the Southern Ocean. Previous studies have shown that CAM025 is a member of the genus
Pseudoalteromonas and therefore belongs to a group found to be abundant in sea ice by culture-dependent and
-independent techniques. Batch cultures were grown at 2°C, 10°C, and 20°C, and cell number, optical density,
pH, glucose concentration, and viscosity were monitored. The yield of EPS at 2°C and 10°C was 30 times
higher than at 20°C, which is the optimum growth temperature for many psychrotolerant strains. EPS may
have a cryoprotective role in brine channels of sea ice, where extremes of high salinity and low temperature
impose pressures on microbial growth and survival. The EPS produced at 2°C and 10°C had a higher uronic
acid content than that produced at 20°C. The availability of iron as a trace metal is of critical importance in
the Southern Ocean, where it is known to limit primary production. EPS from strain CAM025 is polyanionic
and may bind dissolved cations such at trace metals, and therefore the presence of bacterial EPS in the
Antarctic marine environment may have important ecological implications." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2005" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Applied and Environmental Microbiology" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="71" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="7" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="3519-3523" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1128/AEM.71.7.3519–3523.2005" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0099-2240" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.7.3519–3523.2005" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="1. Alldredge, A., and G. A. Jackson. 1995. Aggregation in marine systems.
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II 42:1–7.
2. Arias, S., A. del Moral, M. R. Ferrer, R. Tallon, E. Quesada, and V. Be´jar.
2003. Mauran, an exopolysaccharide produced by the halophilic bacterium
Halomonas maura, with a novel composition and interesting properties for
biotechnology. Extremophiles 7:319–326.
3. Biddanda, B. A. 1986. Structure and function of microbial aggregates.
Oceanol. Acta 9:209–211.
4. Bitton, G., and V. Friehofer. 1978. Influence of extracellular polysaccharide
on the toxicity of copper and cadmium toward Klebsiella aerogenes. Microb.
Ecol. 4:119–125.
5. Bowman, J. P. 1998. Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis sp. nov., a psychrotrophic,
halotolerant bacterium from Antarctic sea ice. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:
1037–1041.
6. Bowman, J. P., S. A. McCammon, M. V. Brown, D. S. Nichols, and T. A.
McMeekin. 1997. Diversity and association of psychrophilic bacteria in Antarctic
sea ice. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3068–3078.
7. Brierley, A. S., and D. N. Thomas. 2002. Ecology of Southern Ocean pack
ice. Adv. Mar. Biol. 43:171–280.
8. Brinkmeyer, R., K. Knittel, J. Jurgens, H. Weyland, R. Amann, and E.
Helmke. 2003. Diversity and structure of bacterial communities in Arctic
versus Antarctic pack ice. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:6610–6619.
9. Brown, M. J., and J. N. Lester. 1982. Role of bacterial extracellular polymers
in metal uptake in pure bacterial culture and activated sludge-I. Water Res.
16:1539–1548.
10. Brown, M. V., and J. P. Bowman. 2001. A molecular phylogenetic survey of
sea ice microbial communities (SIMCO). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 35:267–
275.
11. Christensen, B. E. 1999. Physical and chemical properties of extracellular
polysaccharides associated with biofilms and related substances, p. 144–154.
In J. Wingender, T. Neu, and H.-C. Flemming (ed.), Microbial extracellular
substances: characterization, structure and function. Springer, New York,
NY.
12. Decho, A. W. 1990. Microbial exopolymer secretions in ocean environments:
their role(s) in food webs and marine processes, p. 73–153. In M. Barnes
(ed.), Oceanography and marine biology annual review. Aberdeen University
Press, Aberdeen, Scotland.
13. Degeest, B., B. Janssens, and L. De Vuyst. 2001. Exopolysaccharide (EPS)
biosynthesis by Lactobacillus sakei 0–1: production kinetics, enzyme activities,
and EPS yields. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91:470–477.
14. Delille, D. 1996. Biodiversity and function of bacteria in the Southern Ocean.
Biodivers. Conserv. 5:1505–1523.
15. Delille, D. 1992. Marine bacterioplankton at the Weddell sea ice edge,
distribution of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic populations. Polar Biol.
12:205–210.
16. Geider, R. J. 1999. Complex lessons of iron uptake. Nature 400:815–816.
17. Gleitz, M., and D. N. Thomas. 1993. Variation in phytoplankton standing
stock, chemical composition and physiology during sea-ice formation in the
southeastern Weddell Sea. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 173:211–230.
18. Grossmann, S., and G. S. Dieckmann. 1994. Bacterial standing stock, activity
and carbon production during formation and growth of sea ice in the Weddell
Sea. Appl Environ Microbiol. 60:2746–2753.
19. Guezennec, J. 2002. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents: A new source of innovative
bacterial exopolysaccharides of biotechnological interest? J. Ind. Microbiol.
Biol. 29:204–208.
20. Helmke, E., and H. Weyland. 1995. Bacteria in the sea ice and underlying
water on the eastern Weddell Sea in midwinter. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.
117:269–287.
21. Horner, R. A., S. F. Ackley, G. S. Dieckmann, B. Gulliksen, T. Hoshaii, L.
Legendre, I. A. Melnikov, W. S. Reeburgh, M. Spindler, and C. W. Sullivan.
1992. Ecology of sea ice biota. 1. Habitat, terminology and methodology.
Polar Biol. 12:417–427.
22. Junge, K., J. F. Imhoff, J. T. Staley, and J. W. Deming. 2002. Phylogenetic
diversity of numerically important bacteria in Arctic sea ice. Microb. Ecol.
43:315–328.
23. Kiorboe, T. 2001. Formation and fate of marine snow: small-scale processes
with large scale implications. Sci. Mar. 65:57–71.
24. Kottmeier, S. T., S. M. Grossi, and C. W. Sullivan. 1987. Sea ice microbial
communities. VIII. Bacterial production in annual sea ice of McMurdo
Sound, Antarctica. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 36:287–298.
25. Krembs, C., H. Eicken, K. Junge, and J. W. Deming. 2002. High concentrations
of exopolymeric substances in Arctic winter sea ice: implications for the
polar ocean carbon cycle and cryoprotection of diatoms. Deep-Sea Res. Pt.
I 49:2163–2181.
26. Krembs, C., and A. Engel. 2001. Abundance and variability of microorganisms
and transparent exopolymer particles across ice-water interface of melting
first-year sea ice in the Laptev Sea (Arctic). Mar. Biol. 138:173–185.
27. Leppard, G. G., A. Heissenberger, and G. J. Herndl. 1996. Ultrastructure of
marine snow. I. Transmission electron microscopy methodology. Mar. Ecol.
Prog. Ser. 135:289–298.
28. Mancuso Nichols, C., S. Garon Lardiere, J. P. Bowman, P. D. Nichols,
J. A. E. Gibson, and J. Gue´zennec. Chemical characterization of exopolysaccharides
from Antarctic marine bacteria. Microb. Ecol., in press.
29. Mancuso Nichols, C., S. Garon, J. P. Bowman, G. Rague´ne`s, and J. Gue´zennec.
2004. Production of exopolysaccharides by Antarctic marine bacterial
isolates. J. Appl. Microbiol. 96:1057–1066.
30. Palmisano, A. C., and D. L. Garrison. 1993. Microorganisms in Antarctic sea
ice, p. 167–219. In E. Friedmann (ed.), Antarctic microbiology. Wiley-Liss,
New York, NY.
31. Samain, E., M. Milas, L. Bozzi, M. Dubreucq, and M. Rinaudo. 1997.
Simultaneous production of two different gel-forming exopolysaccharides by
an Alteromonas strain originating from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Carbohydr.
Polymers 34:235–241.
32. Scharek, R., M. A. Vanleeuwe, and H. J. W. Debaar. 1997. Responses of
southern ocean phytoplankton to the addition of trace metals. Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. II 44:209–227.
33. Selbmann, L., S. Onofri, M. Fenice, F. Frederico, and M. Petriuccioli. 2002.
Production and structural characterization of the exopolysaccharde of the
Antarctic fungus Phoma herbarum CCFEE 5080. Res. Microbiol. 153:585–
592.
34. SPSS. 2004. Handbook. SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois.
35. Staley, J. T., and J. J. Gosink. 1999. Poles apart: Biodiversity and biogeography
of sea ice bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 53:189–215.
36. Sullivan, C. W., and A. C. Palmisano. 1984. Sea ice microbial communities:
distribution, abundance and diversity of ice bacteria in McMurdo Sound,
Antarctica, in 1980. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:788–795.
37. Sutherland, I. W. 1994. Structure-function relationships in microbial exopolysaccharides.
Biotechnol. Adv. 12:393–448.
38. Vincent, P., P. Pignet, F. Talmont, L. Bozzi, B. Fournet, and J. G. Guezennec.
1994. Production and characterization of an exopolysaccharide excreted by a
deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacterium isolated from the polychaete annelid
Alvinella pompejana. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4134–4141.
39. Williams, A. G., and J. T. W. Wimpenny. 1978. Exopolysaccharide production
by Pseudomonas NCIB11264 grown in continuous culture. J. Gen. Microbiol.
104:47–57.
40. Wu, J. F., E. Boyle, W. Sunda, and L. S. Wen. 2001. Soluble and colloidal iron
in the oligotrophic North Atlantic and North Pacific. Science 293:847–849.
41. Zwally, H. J., J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, W. J. Cambell, F. D. Carsey,
and P. Gloersen. 1983. Antarctic sea-ice, 1973–1976: Satellite passive-microwave
observations. Report SP-459. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Scientific and Technical Information Branch. National Aeronautics
and Space Administration, Washington, D.C." name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Nichols, C.A.M. and Bowman, John P. and Guezennec, J. (2005) Effects of Incubation Temperature on Growth and Production of Exopolysaccharides by an Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium Grown in Batch Culture. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71 (7). pp. 3519-3523. ISSN 0099-2240" name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2108/1/Nichols_etal_2005.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
<meta content="Effects of Incubation Temperature on Growth and Production of Exopolysaccharides by an Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium Grown in Batch Culture" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Nichols, C.A.M." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Bowman, John P." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Guezennec, J." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="270307 Microbial Ecology" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="The sea ice microbial community plays a key role in the productivity of the Southern Ocean. Exopolysaccharide
(EPS) is a major component of the exopolymer secreted by many marine bacteria to enhance survival
and is abundant in sea ice brine channels, but little is known about its function there. This study investigated
the effects of temperature on EPS production in batch culture by CAM025, a marine bacterium isolated from
sea ice sampled from the Southern Ocean. Previous studies have shown that CAM025 is a member of the genus
Pseudoalteromonas and therefore belongs to a group found to be abundant in sea ice by culture-dependent and
-independent techniques. Batch cultures were grown at 2°C, 10°C, and 20°C, and cell number, optical density,
pH, glucose concentration, and viscosity were monitored. The yield of EPS at 2°C and 10°C was 30 times
higher than at 20°C, which is the optimum growth temperature for many psychrotolerant strains. EPS may
have a cryoprotective role in brine channels of sea ice, where extremes of high salinity and low temperature
impose pressures on microbial growth and survival. The EPS produced at 2°C and 10°C had a higher uronic
acid content than that produced at 20°C. The availability of iron as a trace metal is of critical importance in
the Southern Ocean, where it is known to limit primary production. EPS from strain CAM025 is polyanionic
and may bind dissolved cations such at trace metals, and therefore the presence of bacterial EPS in the
Antarctic marine environment may have important ecological implications." name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2005" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2108/1/Nichols_etal_2005.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.7.3519–3523.2005" name="DC.relation" />
<meta content="Nichols, C.A.M. and Bowman, John P. and Guezennec, J. (2005) Effects of Incubation Temperature on Growth and Production of Exopolysaccharides by an Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium Grown in Batch Culture. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71 (7). pp. 3519-3523. ISSN 0099-2240" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2108/" name="DC.relation" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-2108.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-2108.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-2108.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-2108.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/DC/epprod-eprint-2108.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/DIDL/epprod-eprint-2108.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/EndNote/epprod-eprint-2108.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/HTML/epprod-eprint-2108.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/METS/epprod-eprint-2108.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/MODS/epprod-eprint-2108.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/RIS/epprod-eprint-2108.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/Refer/epprod-eprint-2108.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/Simple/epprod-eprint-2108text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/Text/epprod-eprint-2108.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2108/XML/epprod-eprint-2108.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
<div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>
<table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
<!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
<tr>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
<td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
<td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
<td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
<form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
<input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
<input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
<input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
</form>
</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
<div align="center">
<table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Effects of Incubation Temperature on Growth and Production of Exopolysaccharides by an Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium Grown in Batch Culture</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Nichols, C.A.M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Bowman, John P.</span> and <span class="person_name">Guezennec, J.</span> (2005) <xhtml:em>Effects of Incubation Temperature on Growth and Production of Exopolysaccharides by an Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium Grown in Batch Culture.</xhtml:em> Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71 (7). pp. 3519-3523. ISSN 0099-2240</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2669' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2108/1/Nichols_etal_2005.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2669' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2669"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2108/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2108/1/Nichols_etal_2005.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />118Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.7.3519–3523.2005">http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.7.3519–3523.2005</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The sea ice microbial community plays a key role in the productivity of the Southern Ocean. Exopolysaccharide
(EPS) is a major component of the exopolymer secreted by many marine bacteria to enhance survival
and is abundant in sea ice brine channels, but little is known about its function there. This study investigated
the effects of temperature on EPS production in batch culture by CAM025, a marine bacterium isolated from
sea ice sampled from the Southern Ocean. Previous studies have shown that CAM025 is a member of the genus
Pseudoalteromonas and therefore belongs to a group found to be abundant in sea ice by culture-dependent and
-independent techniques. Batch cultures were grown at 2°C, 10°C, and 20°C, and cell number, optical density,
pH, glucose concentration, and viscosity were monitored. The yield of EPS at 2°C and 10°C was 30 times
higher than at 20°C, which is the optimum growth temperature for many psychrotolerant strains. EPS may
have a cryoprotective role in brine channels of sea ice, where extremes of high salinity and low temperature
impose pressures on microbial growth and survival. The EPS produced at 2°C and 10°C had a higher uronic
acid content than that produced at 20°C. The availability of iron as a trace metal is of critical importance in
the Southern Ocean, where it is known to limit primary production. EPS from strain CAM025 is polyanionic
and may bind dissolved cations such at trace metals, and therefore the presence of bacterial EPS in the
Antarctic marine environment may have important ecological implications.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"> </td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270307.html">270000 Biological Sciences > 270300 Microbiology > 270307 Microbial Ecology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2108</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Assoc. Prof. John P. Bowman</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Oct 2007 15:20</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2108;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2108">item control page</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
<table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
<tr valign="top">
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
© University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
<a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td>
<td width="32%"><div align="right">
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
</a></p>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><p> </p></td>
<td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
<div align="center"></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
