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<meta content="Ellison, J.C." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Joanna.Ellison@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="Burns, W.C.G." name="eprints.editors_name" />
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<meta content="2007-11-08 05:47:30" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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<meta content="How South Pacific mangroves may respond to predicted climate change and sea level rise" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="In the Pacific islands the total mangrove area is about 343,735 ha, with largest areas in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji and New Caledonia. A total of 34 species of mangroves occur, as well as 3 hybrids. These are of the Indo-Malayan assemblage (with one exception), and decline in diversity from west to east across the Pacific, reaching a limit at American Samoa. Mangrove resources are traditionally exploited in the Pacific islands, for construction and fuel wood, herbal medicines, and the gathering of crabs and fish.
There are two main environmental settings for mangroves in the Pacific, deltaic and estuarine mangroves of high islands, and embayment, lagoon and reef flat mangroves of low islands. It is indicated from past analogues that their close relationship with sea-level height renders these mangrove swamps particularly vulnerable to disruption by sea-level rise. Stratigraphic records of Pacific island mangrove ecosystems during sea-level changes of the Holocene Period demonstrate that low islands mangroves can keep up with a sea-level rise of up to 12 cm per 100 years. Mangroves of high islands can keep up with rates of sea-level rates of up to 45 cm per 100 years, according to the supply of fluvial sediment. When the rate of sea-level rise exceeds the rate of accretion, mangroves experience problems of substrate erosion, inundation stress and increased salinity.
Rise in temperature and the direct effects of increased CO2 levels are likely to increase mangrove productivity, change phenological patterns (such as the timing of flowering and fruiting), and expand the ranges of mangroves into higher latitudes.
Pacific island mangroves are expected to demonstrate a sensitive response to the predicted rise in sea-level. A regional monitoring system is needed to provide data on ecosystem changes in productivity, species composition and sedimentation. This has been the intention of a number of programs, but none has yet been implemented.
" name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2000" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="Advances in global change research" name="eprints.series" />
<meta content="2" name="eprints.number" />
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<meta content="Climate change in the South Pacific: impacts and responses in Australia, New Zealand, and small islands states" name="eprints.book_title" />
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<meta content="Alexander, T.R. and Crook, A.G., 1974. Recent vegetational changes in southern Florida. In P. J. Gleason (Editor)., Environments of South Florida: Present and Past. Miami Geological Society Memoir 2, Miami, pp. 61-72.
Alexander, T.R., 1974. Evidence of recent sea-level rise derived from ecological studies on Key Largo, Florida. In: P.J. Gleason (Editor)., Environments of South Florida: Present and Past. Miami Geological Society Memoir 2, Miami, pp. 219-222.
Bacon, P. R., 1994. Template for evaluation of impacts of sea-level rise on Caribbean coastal wetlands. Ecological Engineering 3, 171-186.
Ball, M.C. and Farquhar, G.D., 1984a. Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of two mangrove species, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina, to long term salinity and humidity conditions. Plant Physiology, 74: 1-6.
Ball, M.C. and Farquhar, G.D., 1984b. Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of grey mangrove, Avicennia marina, to transient salinity conditions. Plant Physiology, 74: 7-11.
Ball, M. C. 1988. Salinity tolerance in mangroves Aegiceras corniculatum, and Avicennia marina I. Water use in relation to growth, carbon partitioning, and salt balance. Australian J. Plan. 15, 447-464.
Bruun, P., 1962. Sea level rise as a cause of shore erosion. Journal of the Waterways and Harbours Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 88: 117-130.
Clough, B.F., Andrews, T.J. & Cowan, I.R. 1982. Physiological processes in mangroves. In: Clough, B. F., (ed.), Mangrove ecosystems in Australia. Australian Institute of Marine Science & Australian National University, Canberra,. 193-210.
Duke N.C. 1990. Phenological Trends with Latitude in the Mangrove Tree Avicennia marina. Journal of Ecology, 78: 113-133.
Ellison, J.C., 1989. Pollen analysis of mangrove sediments as a sea level indicator: Assessment from Tongatapu, Tonga. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 74: 327-341.
Ellison, J.C., 1991. The Pacific palaeogeography of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 105: 271-284.
Ellison, J.C., 1993. Mangrove retreat with rising sea-level, Bermuda. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 37: 75-87.
Ellison, J. C., 1994a. Palaeo-lake and swamp stratigraphic records of Holocene vegetational and sea-level changes, Mangaia, Cook Islands. Pacific Science, 48, 1-15.
Ellison, J. C., 1994. Climate change and sea-level rise impacts on mangrove ecosystems. In J. Pernetta, R. Leemans, D. Elder, & S. Humphreys, Eds., Impacts of Climate Change on Ecosystems and Species: Marine and Coastal Ecosystems. IUCN, Gland, pp. 11-30.
Ellison, J.C., 1995. Systematics and distributions of Pacific Island mangroves. In Marine and Coastal Biodiversity in the Tropical Island Pacific Region: Volume I. Species Systematics and Information Management Priorities, Maragos, J. E., Peterson, M. N. A., Eldredge, L. G., Bardach, J. E. and Takeuchi, H. F. Eds., East West Center, Honolulu, 59-74.
Ellison, J. C. and D. R. Stoddart, 1991. Mangrove ecosystem collapse during predicted sea-level rise: Holocene analogues and implications. Journal of Coastal Research 7, 151-165.
Farnsworth, E. J., Ellison, A. M. and Gong, W. K., 1996. Elevated CO2 alters anatomy, physiology, growth and reproduction of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.). Oecologia 108: 599-609.
Harrington, R.W. and Harrington, E.S., 1982. Effects on fishes and their forage organisms of impounding a Florida salt marsh to prevent breeding by salt marsh mosquitos. Bulletin of Marine Science 32: 523-531.
Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L. G., Callander, B. A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A. and Maskell, K. Eds. (1996). Climate Change 1996. The Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 572pp.
Idechong, N., Ellison, J. & Jaensch, R. (1995). A Draft Regional Wetlands Action Plan for the Pacific Islands. Pp.116-134 in International Coral Reef Initiative Pacific Regional Workshop Report (Suva, Fiji, 27 Nov-1 Dec 1995). South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia.
Jimenez, J.A., Martinez, R. and Encarnacion, L., 1985. Massive tree mortality in a Puerto Rican mangrove forest. Caribbean Journal of Science, 21: 75-78.
Lacerda, L.D., Conde, J.E., Alarcon, C., Alvarez-Leon, R., Bacon, P.R., D'Croz, L., Kjerfve, B., Polaina, J. and Vannucci, M., 1993. Mangrove ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean: a summary. In Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Mangrove Forests in Latin America and Africa Regions, Ed. L. D. Lacerda, 1-42. Okinawa: International Tropical Timber Organization and International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems.
Lahmann, E.J., 1988. Effects of different hydrological regimes on the productivity of Rhizophora mangle L. A case study of mosquito control impoundments at Hutchinson Island, Saint Lucie County, Florida. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Miami, 149 pp.
Naidoo, G., 1983. Effects of flooding on leaf water potential and stomatal resistance in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. New Phytologist, 93: 369-373.
Parkinson, R. W., DeLaune, R. D. and White, J. R., 1994. Holocene sea-level rise and the fate of mangrove forests within the wider Caribbean region. Journal of Coastal Research , 10, 1077-1086.
Pernetta, J. C., 1993. Mangrove forests, climate change and sea-level rise. IUCN, Gland, 46pp.
Pirazzoli, P. A. 1986. Secular trends of relative sea-level (RSL) changes indicated by tide-gauge records. Journal of Coastal Research 1, 1-126.
Ross, M.S., O Brien J.J. and Sternberg, L.D., 1994. Sea level rise and the reduction of pine forests in the Florida keys. Ecological Applications, 4, 144.
Saenger P. and Moverley J. 1995 Vegetative phenology of mangroves along the Queensland coastline. Proc. Ecol. Soc. Aust. 13 257-265.
Scholander, P.F., Hammel, H.T., Hemmingsen, E. and Garey, W., 1962. Salt balance in mangroves. Plant Physiology, 37: 722-729.
Scholander, P.F.L., Van Dam, L., and Scholander, S.I., 1955. Gas exchange in roots of mangroves. American Journal of Botany, 42: 92-98.
Schwartz, M.L., 1967. The Bruun theory of sea level rise as a cause of shore erosion. Journal of Geology, 75: 76-92.
Scott, D. A. 1993. A Directory of Wetlands in Oceania. Slimbridge: International Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Bureau and Kuala Lumpar: Asian Wetland Bureau.
Semeniuk, V., 1980. Mangrove zonation along an eroding coastline in King Sound, North-Western Australia. Journal of Ecology, 68: 789-812.
Semeniuk, V., 1994. Predicting the effect of sea-level rise on mangrove in northwestern Australia. Journal of Coastal Research, 10, 1050-1076.
Snedaker, S. C., 1995. Mangroves and climate change in the Florida and Caribbean region: scenarios and hypotheses. Hydrobiologia, 295, 43-49.
Stern, W.L. and Voight, G.K., 1959. Effect of salt concentration on growth of red mangrove in culture. Botanical Gazette, 131: 36-39.
Sternberg, L. da S.L. and Swart, P.K., 1987. Utilization of freshwater and ocean water by coastal plants of southern Florida. Ecology, 68: 1898-1905.
UNEP-IOC-WMO-IUCN, 1990. UNEP-IOC-WMO-IUCN Meeting of Experts on a Long-Term Global Monitoring System of Coastal and Near Shore Phenomena Related to Climate Change. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Report of Meetings of Experts and Equivalent Bodies 61.
UNEP-IOC-WMO-IUCN, 1991. Meeting of Experts on a Long-Term Global Monitoring System of Coastal and Nearshore phenomena, Pilot projects on mangroves and coral reefs. Intergovernmental Ocenaographic Commission Report of Meetings of Experts and Equivalent Bodies 69.
UNEP, 1994. Assessment and Monitoring of Climatic Change Impacts on Mangrove Ecosystems. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No 154.
UNEP/ UNESCO 1993. Impact of expected climate change on mangroves. UNESCO Report in Marine Science 61.
Woodroffe, C.D., 1981. Mangrove swamp stratigraphy and Holocene transgression, Grand Cayman Island, West Indies. Marine Geology, 41: 271-294.
Woodroffe, C. D. 1990. The impact of sea-level rise on mangrove shorelines. Progress in Physical Geography 14, 483-520.
Woodroffe, C. D., 1995. Response of tide dominated mangrove shorelines in Northern Australia to anticipated sea-level rise. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 20, 65-85.
Woodroffe, C. D. and Mulrennan, M. E., 1993. Geomorphology of the Lower Mary River Plains, Northern Territory. North Australia Research Unit, Darwin, 152pp.
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<meta content="Ellison, J.C. (2000) How South Pacific mangroves may respond to predicted climate change and sea level rise. In: Climate change in the South Pacific: impacts and responses in Australia, New Zealand, and small islands states. Advances in global change research (2). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 289-301. ISBN 079236077X" name="eprints.citation" />
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<meta content="In the Pacific islands the total mangrove area is about 343,735 ha, with largest areas in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji and New Caledonia. A total of 34 species of mangroves occur, as well as 3 hybrids. These are of the Indo-Malayan assemblage (with one exception), and decline in diversity from west to east across the Pacific, reaching a limit at American Samoa. Mangrove resources are traditionally exploited in the Pacific islands, for construction and fuel wood, herbal medicines, and the gathering of crabs and fish.
There are two main environmental settings for mangroves in the Pacific, deltaic and estuarine mangroves of high islands, and embayment, lagoon and reef flat mangroves of low islands. It is indicated from past analogues that their close relationship with sea-level height renders these mangrove swamps particularly vulnerable to disruption by sea-level rise. Stratigraphic records of Pacific island mangrove ecosystems during sea-level changes of the Holocene Period demonstrate that low islands mangroves can keep up with a sea-level rise of up to 12 cm per 100 years. Mangroves of high islands can keep up with rates of sea-level rates of up to 45 cm per 100 years, according to the supply of fluvial sediment. When the rate of sea-level rise exceeds the rate of accretion, mangroves experience problems of substrate erosion, inundation stress and increased salinity.
Rise in temperature and the direct effects of increased CO2 levels are likely to increase mangrove productivity, change phenological patterns (such as the timing of flowering and fruiting), and expand the ranges of mangroves into higher latitudes.
Pacific island mangroves are expected to demonstrate a sensitive response to the predicted rise in sea-level. A regional monitoring system is needed to provide data on ecosystem changes in productivity, species composition and sedimentation. This has been the intention of a number of programs, but none has yet been implemented.
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">How South Pacific mangroves may respond to predicted climate change and sea level rise</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Ellison, J.C.</span> (2000) <xhtml:em>How South Pacific mangroves may respond to predicted climate change and sea level rise.</xhtml:em> In: Climate change in the South Pacific: impacts and responses in Australia, New Zealand, and small islands states. Advances in global change research (2). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 289-301. ISBN 079236077X</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2213/1/Ellison2000.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2213/1/Ellison2000.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Author Version)</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />54Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="2759" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.springer.com/west/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=4-40109-22-33614617-0">http://www.springer.com/west/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=4-40109-22-33614617-0</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">In the Pacific islands the total mangrove area is about 343,735 ha, with largest areas in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji and New Caledonia. A total of 34 species of mangroves occur, as well as 3 hybrids. These are of the Indo-Malayan assemblage (with one exception), and decline in diversity from west to east across the Pacific, reaching a limit at American Samoa. Mangrove resources are traditionally exploited in the Pacific islands, for construction and fuel wood, herbal medicines, and the gathering of crabs and fish.
There are two main environmental settings for mangroves in the Pacific, deltaic and estuarine mangroves of high islands, and embayment, lagoon and reef flat mangroves of low islands. It is indicated from past analogues that their close relationship with sea-level height renders these mangrove swamps particularly vulnerable to disruption by sea-level rise. Stratigraphic records of Pacific island mangrove ecosystems during sea-level changes of the Holocene Period demonstrate that low islands mangroves can keep up with a sea-level rise of up to 12 cm per 100 years. Mangroves of high islands can keep up with rates of sea-level rates of up to 45 cm per 100 years, according to the supply of fluvial sediment. When the rate of sea-level rise exceeds the rate of accretion, mangroves experience problems of substrate erosion, inundation stress and increased salinity.
Rise in temperature and the direct effects of increased CO2 levels are likely to increase mangrove productivity, change phenological patterns (such as the timing of flowering and fruiting), and expand the ranges of mangroves into higher latitudes.
Pacific island mangroves are expected to demonstrate a sensitive response to the predicted rise in sea-level. A regional monitoring system is needed to provide data on ecosystem changes in productivity, species composition and sedimentation. This has been the intention of a number of programs, but none has yet been implemented.
</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Book Chapter</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available online at http://www.springer.com/west/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=4-40109-22-33614617-0</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300801.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences > 300800 Environmental Sciences > 300801 Environmental Management and Rehabilitation</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2213</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Joanna Ellison</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">08 Nov 2007 16:47</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2213;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2213">item control page</a></p>
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