<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>UTas ePrints - Padding the Bunker: Strategies of middle-class disaffiliation and colonisation in the city</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script> <style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style> <style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style> <link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" /> <link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" /> <meta content="Atkinson, Rowland G." name="eprints.creators_name" /> <meta content="rowland.atkinson@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" /> <meta content="article" name="eprints.type" /> <meta content="2007-10-22 23:51:02" name="eprints.datestamp" /> <meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" /> <meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" /> <meta content="Padding the Bunker: Strategies of middle-class disaffiliation and colonisation in the city" name="eprints.title" /> <meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" /> <meta content="370104" name="eprints.subjects" /> <meta content="370401" name="eprints.subjects" /> <meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" /> <meta content="Residential segregation has often been seen as a significant and intractable urban problem. Empirical analyses have focused on the clustering and social impacts of concentrated deprivation and ethnicity, while explanations of segregation have generally looked at the role of income, housing markets, and wider social and institutional discrimination. This paper attempts to build on such preoccupations by considering current urban transformations to theorise the recent middle-class colonisation of cities in the UK. Segregation is seen here not just as the concentration of an urban poor or particular ethnic groups, but also as representing an extended spatial bifurcation between the choices of the affluent to withdraw into increasingly insulated enclaves, while places of poverty contain populations away from this increasingly fearful, yet tendentiously urbanising, middle class. Using a series of case studies, a typology is developed of increasing disaffiliation as a prelude to a further debate on the feasibility of encouraging social diversity in the city." name="eprints.abstract" /> <meta content="2006" name="eprints.date" /> <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" /> <meta content="Urban Studies" name="eprints.publication" /> <meta content="43" name="eprints.volume" /> <meta content="4" name="eprints.number" /> <meta content="819-832" name="eprints.pagerange" /> <meta content="10.1080/00420980600597806" name="eprints.id_number" /> <meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" /> <meta content="0042-0980" name="eprints.issn" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980600597806" name="eprints.official_url" /> <meta content="References ALLEN, C. and BLANDY, S. (2004) Boundary Building. Sheffield: Sheffield Hallam University. ATKINSON, R. and BLANDY (2005) International perspectives on the new enclavism and the rise of gated communities, Housing Studies. 20(2), pp. 177–186. ATKINSON, R. and BRIDGE, G. (2004) Gentrification in a Global Context: The New Urban Colonialism, London: Routledge. ATKINSON, R. and FLINT, J. (2004) Fortress UK? Gated communities, the spatial revolt of the elites and time–space trajectories of segregation, Housing Studies, 19(6), pp. 875–892. ATKINSON, R. and HALL, J. (2002) Breathing life into dead cities? The costs and consequences of gentrification in declining metropolitan contexts, Paper presented at Upward Neighbourhood Trajectories: Gentrification in a New Century, Glasgow, September 25th–26th. ATKINSON,R.,BLANDY, S.,FLINT, J. andLISTER,D. (2003) Gated Communities in England, London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. AUGE, M. (1995) Non-places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. London: Verso. BALLARD, J. G. (1988) Running Wild. London: Flamingo. BAUMAN, Z. (2000) Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press. BELMONT, S. (2002) Cities in Full: Recognizing and Realizing the Great Potential of Urban America. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association. BLAKELY, E. and SNYDER, M. (1999) Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. BODDY, M. and PARKINSON, M. (Eds) (2004) City Matters: Competitiveness, Cohesion and Urban Governance. Bristol: Policy Press. BRIDGE, G. (2003) Time–space trajectories in provincial gentrification, Urban Studies, 40(12), pp. 2545–2556. BURROWS, R. and ELLISON, N. (2004) Sorting places out? Towards a social politics of neighbourhood informatisation, Information, Communication and Society, 7(3), pp. 321–336. BUTLER, T. (1997) Gentrification and the Middleclasses. London: Ashgate. BUTLER, T. with ROBSON, G. (2003) London Calling: The Middle-classes and the Remaking of Inner London. Oxford: Berg. CAMERON, S. (2003) Gentrification, housing redifferentiation and urban regeneration: ‘going for growth’ in Newcastle upon Tyne, Urban Studies, 40(12), pp. 2367–2383. CHAMPION, T. and FISHER, T. (2004) Migration, residential preferences and the changing environment of cities, in: M. BODDY and M. PARKINSON (Eds) City Matters: Competitiveness, Cohesion and Urban Governance, pp. 111–128. Bristol: Policy Press. DAVIS, M. (1998) Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster. London: Picador. DETR (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT, TRANSPORT AND THE REGIONS) (2000) Our Towns and Cities. London: DETR. DOCHERTY, I, GOODLAD, R. and PADDISON, R. (2001) Civic culture, community and citizen participation in contrasting neighbourhoods, Urban Studies, 38(12), pp. 2225–2250. DORLING, D. and REES, P. (2003) A nation still dividing: the British census and social polarisation 1971–2001, Environment and Planning A, 35, pp. 1287–1313. DUTTON, P. (2003) Leeds calling: the influence of London on the gentrification of regional cities, Urban Studies, 40(12), pp. 2545–2556. ELLEN, I. and TURNER, M. (1997) Does neighborhood matter? Assessing recent evidence, Housing Policy Debate, 8(4), pp. 833–866. FORSTER, C. (2004) Australian Cities: Continuity and Change. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. FOWLER, B. (1997) Pierre Bourdieu and Cultural Theory: Critical Investigations. London: Sage. PADDING THE BUNKER 831 FUREDI, F. (1997) Culture of Fear: Risk-taking and the Morality of Low Expectation. London: Continuum. GLASS, R. (1964) London: Aspects of Change. London: MacGibbon and Kee. GOIX, R. LE (2005) Gated communities: sprawl and social segregation in Southern California, Housing Studies, 20(2), pp. 345–359. GRAHAM, S. and MARVIN, S. (2001) Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition, London: Routledge. HAMNETT, C. (2003) Gentrification and the middle-class remaking of Inner London, 1961– 2001, Urban Studies, 40(12), pp. 2401–2426. HANNIGAN, J. (1998) Fantasy City: Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern Metropolis. London: Routledge. HEYWOOD, F. and NAZ, M. (1990) Clearance: The View from the Street. Birmingham: Community Forum. KARSTEN, L. (2003) Family gentrifiers: challenging the city as a place to simultaneously to build a career and to raise children, Urban Studies, 40(12), pp. 2573–2584. KATZ, B. (2004) Neighbourhoods of Choice and Connection: The Evolution of American Neighbourhood Policy and What It Means for the United Kingdom. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. LASCH, C. (1996) The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy. London: Norton. LEES, L. (2003) Visions of ‘urban renaissance’: the Urban Task Force and the Urban White Paper, in: R. IMRIE and M. RACO Urban Renaissance? New Labour, Community and Urban Policy. Bristol: Policy Press. LOW, S. (2003) Behind the Gates: Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America. London: Routledge. MAFFESOLI,M. (1996) The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society. London: Sage. MAHER, K. (2003) Workers and strangers: the household service economy and the landscape of suburban fear, Urban Affairs Review, 38(6), pp. 751–786. MANZI, T. and SMITH-BOWERS, B. (2005) Gated communities as club goods: segregation or social cohesion?, Housing Studies, 20(2), pp. 345–359. MASSEY, D. (1996) The age of extremes: concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century, Demography, 33(4), pp. 395–412. MASSEY, D. and DENTON, N. (1998) American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press. MUSTERD, S. and OSTENDORF, W. (Eds) (2001) Urban Segregation and the Welfare State: Inequality and Exclusion in Western Cities. London: Routledge. ODPM (OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER) (2003) Sustainable Communities. London: ODPM. PEACH, C. (1996) Good segregation, bad segregation, Planning Perspectives, 11, pp. 379–398. PRED, A. (2000) Even in Sweden: Racisms, Racialized Spaces, and the Popular Geographical Imagination. London: University of California Press. RAINWATER, L. (1966) Fear and the houseas- haven in the lower class, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 32(1), pp. 23–31. ROBERTS, R. (1971) The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century. Harmondsworth: Penguin. SAVAGE, M., BAGNALL, G., and LONGHURST, B. (2005) Globalization and Belonging. London: SAGE. SCHOON, N. (2001) The Chosen City. London: Spon. SENNETT, R. (1970) The Uses of Disorder: Personal Identity and City Life. New York: Knopf. SENNETT, R. (1999) The Corrosion of Character: The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism. London: W.W. Norton. SMITH, N. (1996) The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. London: Routledge. SMITH, N. (2002) New globalism, new urbanism: gentrification as global urban strategy, Antipode, 34(3), pp. 427–451. ST JOHN, C. (2002) The concentration of affluence in the United States, 1990, Urban Affairs Review, 37(4), pp. 500–520. SUTTLES, G. (1968) The Social Order of the Slum: Ethnicity and Territory in the Inner City. London: University of Chicago Press. SUTTLES, G. (1972) The Social Construction of Communities. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. URBAN TASK FORCE (1999) Towards an Urban Renaissance. Norwich: HMSO. URBED, MORI and the SCHOOL FOR POLICY STUDIES (1999) But would you live there? Shaping attitudes to urban living. London: Urban Task Force. YOUNG, M. and WILLMOTT, P. (1957) Family and Kinship in East London. London: Penguin" name="eprints.referencetext" /> <meta content="Atkinson, Rowland G. (2006) Padding the Bunker: Strategies of middle-class disaffiliation and colonisation in the city. Urban Studies, 43 (4). pp. 819-832. ISSN 0042-0980" name="eprints.citation" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2285/1/Padding_the_bunker.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /> <meta content="Padding the Bunker: Strategies of middle-class disaffiliation and colonisation in the city" name="DC.title" /> <meta content="Atkinson, Rowland G." name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="370104 Urban Sociology and Community Studies" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="370401 Urban and Regional Studies" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="Residential segregation has often been seen as a significant and intractable urban problem. Empirical analyses have focused on the clustering and social impacts of concentrated deprivation and ethnicity, while explanations of segregation have generally looked at the role of income, housing markets, and wider social and institutional discrimination. This paper attempts to build on such preoccupations by considering current urban transformations to theorise the recent middle-class colonisation of cities in the UK. Segregation is seen here not just as the concentration of an urban poor or particular ethnic groups, but also as representing an extended spatial bifurcation between the choices of the affluent to withdraw into increasingly insulated enclaves, while places of poverty contain populations away from this increasingly fearful, yet tendentiously urbanising, middle class. Using a series of case studies, a typology is developed of increasing disaffiliation as a prelude to a further debate on the feasibility of encouraging social diversity in the city." name="DC.description" /> <meta content="2006" name="DC.date" /> <meta content="Article" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2285/1/Padding_the_bunker.pdf" name="DC.identifier" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980600597806" name="DC.relation" /> <meta content="Atkinson, Rowland G. (2006) Padding the Bunker: Strategies of middle-class disaffiliation and colonisation in the city. Urban Studies, 43 (4). pp. 819-832. 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border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr> <td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td> <td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap"> <form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline"> <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" /> <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" /> <input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" /> <input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" /> <input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" /> </form> </td> </tr></table></td></tr> <tr> <td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" --> <div align="center"> <table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left"> <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Padding the Bunker: Strategies of middle-class disaffiliation and colonisation in the city</h1> <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Atkinson, Rowland G.</span> (2006) <xhtml:em>Padding the Bunker: Strategies of middle-class disaffiliation and colonisation in the city.</xhtml:em> Urban Studies, 43 (4). pp. 819-832. ISSN 0042-0980</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2285/1/Padding_the_bunker.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2285/1/Padding_the_bunker.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />101Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980600597806">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980600597806</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Residential segregation has often been seen as a significant and intractable urban problem. Empirical analyses have focused on the clustering and social impacts of concentrated deprivation and ethnicity, while explanations of segregation have generally looked at the role of income, housing markets, and wider social and institutional discrimination. This paper attempts to build on such preoccupations by considering current urban transformations to theorise the recent middle-class colonisation of cities in the UK. Segregation is seen here not just as the concentration of an urban poor or particular ethnic groups, but also as representing an extended spatial bifurcation between the choices of the affluent to withdraw into increasingly insulated enclaves, while places of poverty contain populations away from this increasingly fearful, yet tendentiously urbanising, middle class. Using a series of case studies, a typology is developed of increasing disaffiliation as a prelude to a further debate on the feasibility of encouraging social diversity in the city.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/370104.html">370000 Studies in Human Society > 370100 Sociology > 370104 Urban Sociology and Community Studies</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/370401.html">370000 Studies in Human Society > 370400 Human Geography > 370401 Urban and Regional Studies</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2285</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Rowland G Atkinson</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">23 Oct 2007 10:51</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2285;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2285">item control page</a></p> </td></tr></table> </div> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" --> <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br /> © University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br /> <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td> <td width="32%"><div align="right"> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br /> </a></p> </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><p> </p></td> <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td> </tr> </table> <!-- #EndLibraryItem --> <div align="center"></div></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>