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<title>UTas ePrints - Nodulation Phenotypes of Gibberellin and Brassinosteroid Mutants of Peal</title>
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<meta content="Ferguson, Brett J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Ross, John J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Reid, James B." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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<meta content="James.Reid@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="2007-10-31 02:46:18" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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<meta content="Nodulation Phenotypes of Gibberellin and
Brassinosteroid Mutants of Peal" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="The initiation and development of legume nodules induced by compatible Rhizobium species requires a complex signal
exchange involving both plant and bacterial compounds. Phytohormones have been implicated in this process, although in
many cases direct evidence is lacking. Here, we characterize the root and nodulation phenotypes of various mutant lines of pea
(Pisum sativum) that display alterations in their phytohormone levels and/or perception. Mutants possessing root systems
deficient in gibberellins (GAs) or brassinosteroids (BRs) exhibited a reduction in nodule organogenesis. The question of
whether these reductions represent direct or indirect effects of the hormone deficiency is addressed. For example, the
application of GA to the roots of a GA-deficient mutant completely restored its number of nodules to that of the wild type.
Grafting studies revealed that a wild-type shoot or root also restored the nodule number of a GA-deficient mutant. These
findings suggest that GAs are required for nodulation. In contrast, the shoot controlled the number of nodules that formed
in graft combinations of a Bk-deficient mutant and its wild type. The root levels of auxin and GA were similar among
these latter graft combinations. These results suggest that BRs influence a shoot mechanism that controls nodulation and that
the root levels of auxin and GA are not part of this process. Interestingly, a strong correlation between nodule and lateral root
numbers was observed in all lines assessed, consistent with a possible overlap in the early developmental pathways of the two
organs." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2005" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Plant Physiology" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="138" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="4" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="2396-2405" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0032-0889" name="eprints.issn" />
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<meta content="Ait-AliT,SwainSM, ReidJB,SunT-P,KamiyaY(1997)The Lslocusof pea
encodes the gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme ent-kaurene synthase A.
Plant J 11: 443-454 Allen ON, Allen EK (1940) Response of the peanut plant to inoculation with rhizobia, with special reference to morphological development of the nodules. Bot Gaz 102: 121-142 Bao F, Shen J, Brady SR, Muday GK, Asami T, Yang Z (2004) Brassinosteroids
interact with auxin to promote lateral root development
in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol134: 1624-1631
Plant Physiol. Vol. 138, 2005 2404
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Tikhonovich IA (2000) Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Mendelian genetics
controlling development of nitrogen-fixing nodules and arbuscular
mycorrhiza. Czech J Gen Plant Breed 36: 106-110
Caetano-Anulles G, Gresshoff PM (1991) Plant genetic control of nodulation.
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Compaan B, Yang WC, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2001) ENOD40 expression
in the pericycle precedes cortical cell division in Rhizobium-legume
interaction and the highly conserved internal region of the gene does not
encode a peptide. Plant Soil 230: 1-8
Dart PJ (1977) Infection and development of leguminous nodules. In
RWF Hardy, ed, A Treatise on Dinitrogen Fixation. Wiley, New York,
pp 367-472
Davidson SE, Elliott RC, Helliwell CA, Poole AT, Reid JB (2003) The pea
gene NA encodes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase. Plant Physiol131: 335-344
Davidson SE, Smith H, Helliwell CA, Poole AT, Reid JB (2004) The pea
gene LH encodes ent-kaurene oxidase. Plant Physiol134: 1123-1134
Dubrovsky JG, Doerner PW, Coln-Carmona A, Rost TL (2000) Peri cycle
cell proliferation and lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol
124: 1648-1657
Dudley ME, Jacobs TW, Long SL (1987) Microscopic studies of cell divisions
induced in alfalfa roots by Rhizobium meliloti.Planta 171: 289-301
Ferguson BJ, Mathesius U (2003) Signaling interactions during nodule
development. JPlant Growth Regul 22: 47-72
Himanen K, Vuylsteke M, Vanneste S, Vercruysse S, Boucheron E, Alard 1', Chriqui D, Montagu MV, Inze D, Beeckman T (2004) Transcript profiling of early lateral root initiation. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 101: 5146-515i
Hirsch AM, LaRue TA (1997) Is the legume nodule a modified root or stem or an organ sui generis? Crit Rev Plant Sci 16:.361-392
Ingram TJ, Reid JB, Murfet IC, Gaskin 1', Willis CL, MacMillan J (1984)
Internode length in Pisum: the Le gene controls the 313-hydroxylation of
gibberellin A20 to gibberellin AI. Planta 83: 1048-1053
Kawaguchi M, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Fukai S, Syono K (1996) Unusual
branching in the seedlings of Lotus japonicus: gibberellins reveal the
nitrogen-sensitive cell divisions within the pericycle on roots. Plant Cell
Physiol 37: 461-470
Lester DR, Ross H, Smith H, Elliott RC, Reid JB (1999) Gibberellin
2-oxidation and the SLN gene of Pisum sativum. Plant J19: 65-73
Libbenga KR, van Iren F,Bogers RJ, Schraag-Lamers MF (1973) The role of
hormones and gradients in the initiation of cortex proliferation and
nodule formation in Pisum sativum L. Planta 114: 29-39
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Cytokinins play opposite roles in lateral root formation, and nematode
and Rhizobial symbiosis. Plant J38: 203-214
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ethylene production and nodulation in pea (Pisum sativum) cv. Sparkle.
Physiol Plant 112: 421-428
Mathesius U (2003) Conservation and divergence of signalling pathways
between roots and soil microbes: the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis
compared to the development of lateral roots, mycorrhizal interactions
and nematode-induced galls. Plant Soil 255: 105-119
McIver J, Djordjevic MA, Weinman H, Rolfe BG (1997) Influence of
Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii host specific nodulation genes on
the ontogeny of clover nodulation. Protoplasma 172: 166-179
Mylona P, Pawlowski K, Bisseling T (1995) Symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Plant Cell 7: 869-885 .
Nodulation Phenotypes of Hormone Mutants of Pea
Nomura T, Bishop GJ, Kaneta T, Reid JB, Chory J, Yokota T (2003) The
LKA gene is a BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 homolog of pea.
Plant J36: 291-300
Nomura T, Jager CE, Kitasaka Y, Takeuchi K, Fukami M, Yoneyama K,
Matsushita Y,Nyunoya H, Takatsuto S, Fujioka S, Smith H, et al (2004)
Brassinosteroid deficiency due to truncated steroid 5a-reductase causes
dwarfism in the lk mutant of pea. Plant Physiol 135: 2220-2229
Nomura T, Kitasaka Y, Takatsuto S, Reid JB, Fukami M, Yokota T (1999)
Brassinosteroid/sterol synthesis and plant growth as affected by lka and
lkb mutations of pea. Plant Physiol119: 1517-1526
NomuraT,NakayamaM,ReidJB, TakeuchiY,Yokota T(1997)Blockageof
brassinosteroid biosynthesis and sensitivity causes dwarfism in garden
pea. Plant Physiol113: 31-37
Nutman PS (1948) Physiological studies on nodule formation. 1. The
relationship between nodulation and lateral root formation in red
clover. Ann Bot (Lond) 12: 81-96
Oldroyd GE, Downie JA (2004) Calcium, kinases and nodulation signalling
in legumes. Nat Rev Mol Cell BioI 5: 566-576
Reid JB (1986) Internode length in Pisum. Three further loci, lh, 15 and lk.
Ann Bot (Lond) 57: 577-592
Reid JB, Murfet IC, Potts WC (1983) Internode length in Pisum. II.
Additional information on the relationship and action of loci Le, La,
Cry, Na and Lm. JExp Bot 34: 349-364
Reid JB, Ross H (1989) Internode length in Pisum. Two further gibberellin
insensitivity genes lka and lkb. Physiol Plant 75: 8~-88
Reid JB, Ross H,Swain SM (1992) Internode length in Pisum: a new, slender
mutant with elevated levels of C19 gibberellins. Planta 188: 462-467
Reid JB, Symons GM, Ross H (2004) Regulation of gibberellin and
brassinosteroid biosynthesis by genetic, environmental and hormonal
factors. In P] Davis, ed, Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction,
Action! Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands,
pp 179-203
Ross H (1998) Effects of auxin transport inhibitors on gibberellins in pea.
JPlant Growth Regul17: 141-146
Ross H, Reid JB (1986) Internode length in Pisum: the involvement of
ethylene with the gibberellin-insensitive erectoides phenotype. Physiol
Plant 67: 673-679
Ross H, Reid JB, Swain SM (1993) Control of stem elongation by
gibberellin AI: evidence from genetic studies including the slender
mutant, sln. Aust JPlant Physiol 20: 585-599
Russell AJ, Bidartondo MI, Butterfield BG (2002) The root nodules of the
Podocarpaceae harbour arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol 156:
283-295
Schultz L, Kerckhoffs LHJ, Klahre U, Yokota T, Reid JB (2001) Molecular
characterization of the brassinosteroid-deficient lkb mutant in pea. Plant
Mol BioI 47: 491-498
Symons GM, Reid JB (2004) Brassinosteroids do not undergo longdistance
transport in pea. Implications for the regulation of endogenous
brassinosteroid levels. Plant Physiol 135: 2196-2206
Torrey JG (1976) Initiation and development of root nodules of Casuarina
(Casuarinaceae). Am JBot 63: 335-344
Torrey JG, Callaham D (1978) Determinate development of nodule roots
in actinomycete-induced root nodules of Myrica gale L. Can J Bot 56:
1357-1364
Wopereis J, Pajuelo E, Dazzo FB, Jiang Q, Gresshoff PM, de Bruijn FJ,
Stougaard J, Szczyglowski K (2000) Short root mutant of Lotus japonicus
with a dramatically altered symbiotic phenotype. Plant J23: 97-114
Yaxley JR, Ross H, Sherriff LJ, Reid JB (2001) Gibberellin biosynthesis
mutations and root development in pea. Plant Physiol 125: 627-633" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Ferguson, Brett J. and Ross, John J. and Reid, James B. (2005) Nodulation Phenotypes of Gibberellin and Brassinosteroid Mutants of Peal. Plant Physiology, 138 (4). pp. 2396-2405. ISSN 0032-0889" name="eprints.citation" />
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Brassinosteroid Mutants of Peal" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Ferguson, Brett J." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Ross, John J." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Reid, James B." name="DC.creator" />
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<meta content="The initiation and development of legume nodules induced by compatible Rhizobium species requires a complex signal
exchange involving both plant and bacterial compounds. Phytohormones have been implicated in this process, although in
many cases direct evidence is lacking. Here, we characterize the root and nodulation phenotypes of various mutant lines of pea
(Pisum sativum) that display alterations in their phytohormone levels and/or perception. Mutants possessing root systems
deficient in gibberellins (GAs) or brassinosteroids (BRs) exhibited a reduction in nodule organogenesis. The question of
whether these reductions represent direct or indirect effects of the hormone deficiency is addressed. For example, the
application of GA to the roots of a GA-deficient mutant completely restored its number of nodules to that of the wild type.
Grafting studies revealed that a wild-type shoot or root also restored the nodule number of a GA-deficient mutant. These
findings suggest that GAs are required for nodulation. In contrast, the shoot controlled the number of nodules that formed
in graft combinations of a Bk-deficient mutant and its wild type. The root levels of auxin and GA were similar among
these latter graft combinations. These results suggest that BRs influence a shoot mechanism that controls nodulation and that
the root levels of auxin and GA are not part of this process. Interestingly, a strong correlation between nodule and lateral root
numbers was observed in all lines assessed, consistent with a possible overlap in the early developmental pathways of the two
organs." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Nodulation Phenotypes of Gibberellin and Brassinosteroid Mutants of Peal</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Ferguson, Brett J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Ross, John J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Reid, James B.</span> (2005) <xhtml:em>Nodulation Phenotypes of Gibberellin and Brassinosteroid Mutants of Peal.</xhtml:em> Plant Physiology, 138 (4). pp. 2396-2405. ISSN 0032-0889</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2371/1/Nodulation_Phenotypes_of__Gibberellin.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2371/1/Nodulation_Phenotypes_of__Gibberellin.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />3819Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3055" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=891347251&sid=1&Fmt=4&clientId=20931&RQT=309&VName=PQD">http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=891347251&sid=1&Fmt=4&clientId=20931&RQT=309&VName=PQD</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The initiation and development of legume nodules induced by compatible Rhizobium species requires a complex signal
exchange involving both plant and bacterial compounds. Phytohormones have been implicated in this process, although in
many cases direct evidence is lacking. Here, we characterize the root and nodulation phenotypes of various mutant lines of pea
(Pisum sativum) that display alterations in their phytohormone levels and/or perception. Mutants possessing root systems
deficient in gibberellins (GAs) or brassinosteroids (BRs) exhibited a reduction in nodule organogenesis. The question of
whether these reductions represent direct or indirect effects of the hormone deficiency is addressed. For example, the
application of GA to the roots of a GA-deficient mutant completely restored its number of nodules to that of the wild type.
Grafting studies revealed that a wild-type shoot or root also restored the nodule number of a GA-deficient mutant. These
findings suggest that GAs are required for nodulation. In contrast, the shoot controlled the number of nodules that formed
in graft combinations of a Bk-deficient mutant and its wild type. The root levels of auxin and GA were similar among
these latter graft combinations. These results suggest that BRs influence a shoot mechanism that controls nodulation and that
the root levels of auxin and GA are not part of this process. Interestingly, a strong correlation between nodule and lateral root
numbers was observed in all lines assessed, consistent with a possible overlap in the early developmental pathways of the two
organs.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260000.html">260000 Earth Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2371</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">31 Oct 2007 13:46</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2371;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2371">item control page</a></p>
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