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<meta content="For over fifty years, a large, frozen heap of rubbish rested against the western wall of Discovery Hut, Ross Island, Antarctica. The hut was constructed in 1902 by members of the 1901-04 British National Antarctic Expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott. The men who used the hut -not only those aboard the Discovery, but also members of several later expeditions--had used the western window as a convenient garbage chute." name="eprints.abstract" />
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<meta content="Research Institute Library and Archives; Jo-Anne Smith and Sarah Barnett at Canterbury Museum, Christchurch; Mark Pharaoh at the Mawson Collection, South Australian Museum; and Susan Woodburn at the Barr Smith Library, University of Adelaide. I would also like to thank Baden Norris, one of the volunteers who cleared out DiscouenjHut in 1964, for providing me with his narrative of the experience and other related materials.
2 Shackleton's Nimrod expeditioners used the hut during 1908, and members of the Ross Sea Party of his Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition occupied the hut during 1915 and 1916; a depot-laying party from Scott's Terra Nova expedition also used the hut in 1911. .
3 Baden Norris, letter to the author, May 2002. 4 David Harrowfield, Icy Heritage: TIle Historic Sites of the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1995, 36.
5 As this article was going to press I learned of Mike Pearson's forthcoming article '''No joke in petticoats": British Polar Expeditions and Their Theatrical Presentations'. Pearson's article, which includes detailed discussion of the 1902 Discouerv theatricals, complements the present one, and is recommended to 'those interested in high-latitude theatre. See Mike Pearson, TIle Drama Review, 48 (T 181), Spring 2004.
6 The broad aim of the expedition, as stated in the 'Instructions to the Commander', was 'scientific discovery and exploration in the Antarctic Regions'. Quoted in David Yelverton,
Antarctica Unveiled: Scott's First Expedition and the Quest for the Unknouin Continent,
Boulder, Colorado, 2000, 353.
7 Harrowfield, op. cit., 34.
8 Yelverton, op. cit. 57.
9 Robert F. Scott, The Voyage of the 'Discovery', vol. 1, London, 1905,215.
10 Elspeth Huxley, Scott of the Antarctic, London, 1979, 88. See also Michael Pearson's 'Expedition Huts in Antarctica: 1899-1917', Polar Record 28, 1992, 269.
11 Harrowfield, op. cit., 34.
12 Frederick A. Cook, Through the First Antarctic Night 7'898-1899, London, 1980 (first published 1900). See also Yelverton, op. cit., 41, and Antarctica: Great Stories from the Frozen Continent, Sydney, 1995, 131. .
13 These Arctic theatricals in tum represented a continuation of a well-established theatrical tradition within the British navy. See Patrick B.O'Neill, 'Theatre in the North: Staging Practices of the British Navy in the Canadian Arctic', Dalhousie Review, 74.3, 1994-5, 356.
14 Patrick O'Neill, 'Arctic Nights', Maritime Yearbook 3,1995/96, 17; Daniel Claustre, "The
North-West Passage, or Voyage Finished': A Polar Play and Musical Entertainment', Polar
Record, 21 (131), 1982,97.
15 William Parry, Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from the
Atlantic to the Pacific; Performed in the Years 1819-20, in His Majesty's Ships Hecla And
Griper, under the Orders of William Edward Parry, New York, 1968 (first published 1821),
113-14.
16 Claustre, op. cit., 99.
17 Fergus Fleming, Barrow's Boys: A Stirring Story of Daring, Fortitude and Outright
Lunacy, London, 1999, 284.
18 O'Neill, 'Arctic Nights', 19.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
21 Moira Dunbar, 'The Royal Arctic Theatre', Canadian Art, 15.2, 1958, 112.
22 Yelverton, op. cit., 149. Ernest Shackleton had been responsible for organizing the
collection of theatrical supplies in London. See Albert Armitage, Two Years ill the Antarctic:
Being a Narrative of tile British National Antarctic Expedition, Bungay, Suffolk, 1984,90 (first
published 1905).
23 The theatre was named after the nearby extinct volcano, Mount Terror.
24 Clarence Hare diary, Scott Polar Research Institute [SPRIj MS 753, 31 May 1902.
25 Scott, op. cit., vol. 1, 375. Scott himself had enjoyed the theatre since childhood, and encouraged his sister to become a professional actress, despite his mother's misgivings. As a young officer he had taken part in a shipboard production of Bombastes Furioso. He wrote to his mother, 'I take the part of the principal lady ... What do you think of that? A gorgeous golden wig complete with a complete dress made on board, stays, silk stockings, buckled shoes, sleeves with lace -splendid...' See Diana Preston, 'A First Rate Tragedy': Captain Scott's Antarctic Expeditions, London, 1997, 20, 25, and Huxley, op. cit., 33, 35.
26 Scott, op. cit., vol. 1, 375-6.
27 Charles Royds, The Dian) of Lieutenant Charles W. R. Royds RN Expedition to the Antarctic 1901-1904, 'Bedervale', Braidwood, NSW, 2001.
28 James Duncan diary, SPRI MS 1415,9 June 1902.
29 Scott, op. cit., vol. 1, 376; Edward Wilson, Diary of the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic Regions 1901-1904, London, 1966, 156. 30 William Lashly, Under Scott's Command: Lashly's Antarctic Diaries, ed. A. R. Ellis, London, 1969,41.
31 Royds, op. cit., 144.
32 Scott. op. cit., vol. 1, 376.
33 Hare, op. cit., 25 June 1902; Scott, op. cit., vol. 1,376.
34 Scott, op. cit., vol. 1, 376; Wilson, op. cit., 156.
35 Scott, op. cit., vol. 1, 376.
36 The programme actually reads 'Muggetts'. This is clearly a typographical error; the handwritten
script repeatedly has 'Nuggetts', which corresponds with Phillips's text.
37 O'Neill notes that in Parry's expeditions the lack of literacy amongst the crew meant that the cast necessarily consisted of officers; but by the mid-nineteenth century, seamen were taking part in Arctic theatricals. It was rare, however, for the officers and crew to act in the same production. See O'Neill, 'Theatre in the North', 358, 363, 367-8.
38 Louis Bernacchi, Saga of the 'Discovery', London, 1938, 47-48.
39 Scott, op. cit., vol. i, 376.
40 Ibid., 377-78.
41 Armitage, op. cit., 115.
42 Reginald Skelton diary, SPRI MS 342/1/4, 25 June 1902.
43 Royds, op. cit., 144.
44 Thomas Hodgson diary, SPRI MS 595/1, 25 June 1902 and summary of June events. In
British Arctic expeditions, the rehearsal period was similar -around ten days, according to O'Neill-although the number of rehearsals may have been fewer. See O'Neill, 'Theatre in the North', op. cit., 368.
45 David Allan, 'Antarctic Diary', Montrose Standard and Angus Mearns Register, 17 April
1958,4.
46 Lashly, op. cit., 41.
47 Duncan, op. cit., 25 June 1902.
48 Royds, op. cit., 144.
49 Scott Polar Times, vol. I, no. 3 (June 1902), London, 1907,38.
50 Scott, op. cit., vol. 1,379.
51 Armitage, op. cit., 155. 'Heroic-Era' Antarctic theatricals did not, however, end with Ticket-oj-Leaue. Members of Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition, for example, performed a farce on 11 October 1912, which they followed the next day with an original opera entitled The Washerwoman's Secret. See Douglas Mawson, Home of tile Blizzard: Being the Story
of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914, London, 1915, vol. 1, 208-211. However, entertainments on expeditions later in this period tended to consist of skits, songs and improvisations rather than scripted and fully rehearsed productions in the tradition of British naval theatricals in the Arctic.
52 Scott, op. cit., vol. 2, 143.
53 Phillips's play is distinct from Tom Taylor's more famous melodrama, TheTickct-of-Leauc Man, which was first performed in May 1863 at the Olympic Theatre in London. See John Russell Brown, Introduction, TIle Ticket-of-Leave Man by Tom Taylor, London, 1981, vi. A 'ticket of leave' was effectively a form of probation a convict received for good behaviour. A convict granted a ticket of leave was entitled to certain privileges, including the right to choose an employer, receive wages and own property, but was restricted geographically and had to report regularly to the local authorities.
54 Catalogue of Books of the 'Discouerq' 1901, n.p., [1901], 18.
55 Watts Phillips, A Ticket-of-Leave, London, n.d., 7.
56 Ernest Shackleton, 'Life in the Antarctic', Pearson's Magazine, 17, 1903, 316.
57 The original London production of A Tickei-oj-Leaue actually featured two women, as the character of Joe the page-boy was played a woman. The Discouen] expeditioners did not, of 'course, have this option. See Phillips, op. cit., 2. .
58 A mad dog, off-stage, also plays a part in the original plot, and as Scott notes that 'a stray dog or two' was 'brought in to enliven the proceedings', it is tempting to believe that a role for one of the expedition's Siberian sledge-dogs was inserted into the performance along with Mary Aim. See Scott, op. cit., vol. 1, 376.
59 Cook, op. cit., 403.
60 Charles Campbell, TI,e Intolerable Hulks: British Shipboard Confinement 1776-1857,
Bowie, Maryland, 1994,53.
61 Cook, op. cit., 386, 399, 394.
62 James Clark Ross, quoted in A. J. W. Taylor, Antarctic Psyc1lOlogy , Wellington, New
Zealand, 1987, 21; italics added.
63 'L'Envoi', South Polar Times, vol. 2, no. 8 (Aug. 1903), London, 1907,57-58.
64 Quoted in Taylor, op. cit., 49.
65 Taylor, op. cit., 25.
66 Ibid., 11.
67 Royds, op. cit., 144.
68 The elaborate and amusing stage directions suggest that the play was intended to be read
rather than performed.
69 Shackleton's love of poetry was well-known to the expeditioners. Several references in the
play script, such as the 'poetic' hero's scaling of Crater Hill with 'the orthnithologist', and his
measurement of 'the salinity and specific gravity of the sea water', suggest that he and Wilson
are the two unnamed heroes. See 'Veritas' [Louis Bernacchi]. 'When One Goes Forth a
Voyaging, He has a Tale to Tell', South Polar Times, vol. 2, no. 6 (April 1903), London, 1907,21,
23. 70 'Veritas', op. cit., 20. 71 Ibid., 20, 21. 72 Ibid., 22. 'White Silence' was the title of a short story by Jack London set in the Arctic,
published in the Overland Monthly 33, 1899, 138-42, and then in London's collection Son of the Wolf, Boston, 1900. The heroes also sing the praises of 'our "Royal Terror Theatre"'. See 'Veritas', op. cit., 23.
73 'Veritas', op. cit., 24." name="eprints.referencetext" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Antarctic Theatricals: The Frozen Farce of Scott's First Expedition</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Leane, Elizabeth</span> (2003) <xhtml:em>Antarctic Theatricals: The Frozen Farce of Scott's First Expedition.</xhtml:em> Theatre Notebook, 57 (3). pp. 143-157. ISSN 0040-5523</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2388/1/elref3.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2388/1/elref3.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />2329Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3087" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.str.org.uk/notebook.html#19c">http://www.str.org.uk/notebook.html#19c</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">For over fifty years, a large, frozen heap of rubbish rested against the western wall of Discovery Hut, Ross Island, Antarctica. The hut was constructed in 1902 by members of the 1901-04 British National Antarctic Expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott. The men who used the hut -not only those aboard the Discovery, but also members of several later expeditions--had used the western window as a convenient garbage chute.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2388</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">06 Nov 2007 14:41</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2388;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2388">item control page</a></p>
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