<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>UTas ePrints - Effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation and related development in cultured striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script> <style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style> <style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style> <link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" /> <link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" /> <meta content="Trotter, A.J." name="eprints.creators_name" /> <meta content="Pankhurst, P.M." name="eprints.creators_name" /> <meta content="Morehead, David T." name="eprints.creators_name" /> <meta content="Battaglene, Stephen C." name="eprints.creators_name" /> <meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" /> <meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" /> <meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" /> <meta content="Stephen.Battaglene@utas.edu" name="eprints.creators_id" /> <meta content="article" name="eprints.type" /> <meta content="2007-11-12 03:01:49" name="eprints.datestamp" /> <meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" /> <meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" /> <meta content="Effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation and related development in cultured striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae" name="eprints.title" /> <meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" /> <meta content="300000" name="eprints.subjects" /> <meta content="300700" name="eprints.subjects" /> <meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" /> <meta content="Swim bladder inflation; Temperature; Fish larvae" name="eprints.keywords" /> <meta content="The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com " name="eprints.note" /> <meta content="Many physoclist fish have physostomous larvae, initially inflating the swim bladder by ingesting air at the water surface during a brief, finite period. Failed initial swim bladder inflation has been predominantly linked to abiotic factors and larvae which fail to complete initial swim bladder inflation exhibit reduced survival and growth. This study investigates the effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation, survival and post-inflation viability (surviving larvae with inflated swim bladders) in striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae. Growth, developmental stages and stagespecific larval size are examined in relation to initial swim bladder inflation. Larvae were reared at 12, 14, 16 or 18 jC (Experiment 1) or at 15, 17, 19 or 21 jC (Experiment 2) from day 1 posthatching in replicated 200-l tanks. Initial swim bladder inflation was significantly affected by temperature, with highest initial swim bladder inflation at 14 jC (67.8F5.9% S.E., n=3) to 16 jC (71.1F4.8%) and 15 jC (72.2F1.1%) to 17 jC (76.6F12.0%) in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Survival was also significantly influenced by temperature, with the highest survival at 16 jC (31.2F4.9%) to 18 jC (30.6F4.0%) in Experiment 1, and 17 jC (12.4F2.4%) to 19 jC (9.6F2.8%) in Experiment 2. In both experiments, the highest post-inflation viability occurred through a combination of maximum initial swim bladder inflation and survival, at 16 jC (21.3F2.1%) and 17 jC (9.5F1.8%) in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Reduced post-inflation viability at 18 and 19 jC was due to decreased initial swim bladder inflation, not survival. The reverse trend was apparent at lower temperatures where survival was significantly lower at 14 and 15 jC, but initial swim" name="eprints.abstract" /> <meta content="2003" name="eprints.date" /> <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" /> <meta content="Aquaculture" name="eprints.publication" /> <meta content="221" name="eprints.volume" /> <meta content="1- 4" name="eprints.number" /> <meta content="141-156" name="eprints.pagerange" /> <meta content="10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00506-9" name="eprints.id_number" /> <meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" /> <meta content="0044-8486" name="eprints.issn" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00506-9" name="eprints.official_url" /> <meta content="Battaglene, S.C., 1995. Induced ovulation and larval rearing of four species of Australian marine fish. PhD thesis, University of Tasmania, Australia, 215 pp. Battaglene, S.C., Talbot, R.B., 1990. Initial swim bladder inflation in intensively reared Australian bass larvae, Macquaria novemaculeata (Steindachner) (Perciformes: Percichthyidae). Aquaculture 86, 431– 442. Battaglene, S.C., Talbot, R.B., 1992. Induced spawning and larval rearing of snapper Pagrus auratus (Pisces: Sparidae), from Australian waters. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 26, 179–183. Battaglene, S.C., Talbot, R.B., 1993. Effects of salinity and aeration on survival of and initial swim bladder inflation in larval Australian bass. Prog. Fish-Cult. 55, 35– 39. Batty, R.S., Blaxter, J.H.S., Fretwell, K., 1993. Effect of temperature on escape responses of larval herring, Clupea harengus. Mar. Biol. 115, 523– 528. Bermudes, M., Ritar, A.J., 1999. Effects of temperature on the embryonic development of the striped trumpeter (Latris lineata Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Aquaculture 176 (3– 4), 245– 255. Biggs, W., 1986. Radiation measurement. In: Gensler, W.G. (Ed.), Advanced Agricultural Instrumentation, Design and Use. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 3 – 20. Blaxter, J.H.S., 1969. Development: eggs and larvae. In: Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J. (Eds.), Fish Physiology, vol. III. Academic Press, New York, pp. 177– 252. Blaxter, J.H.S., 1992. The effect of temperature on larval fishes. Neth. J. Zool. 42 (2– 3), 336–357. Blaxter, J.H.S., Hempel, G., 1963. The influence of egg size on herring larvae (Clupea harengus L.). J. Cons. - Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 28, 211 – 240. Bromage, N., 1995. Broodstock management and seed quality—general considerations. In: Bromage, N.R., Roberts, R.J. (Eds.), Broodstock Management and Egg and Larval Quality. Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 1– 24. Chatain, B., 1990. Problems related to the lack of functional swimbladder in intensive rearing of Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus auratus. Adv. Trop. Aquac. 9, 699–709 (AQUACOP IFREMER Actes de Colloque). Chatain, B., 1994. Abnormal swimbladder development and lordosis in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus auratus). Aquaculture 119, 371–379. Chatain, B., Ounais-Guschemann, N., 1990. Improved rate of initial swim bladder inflation in intensively reared Sparus auratus. Aquaculture 84, 345–353. Doroshev, S.I., Cornacchia, J.W., Hogan, K., 1981. Initial swim bladder inflation in the larvae of physoclistous fishes and its importance for larval culture. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. - Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 178, 495– 500. Ehrlich, K.F., Muszynski, G., 1982. Effects of temperature on interactions of physiological and behavioural capacities of larval California grunion: adaptations to the planktonic environment. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 60, 223–244. Gibson, S., Johnston, I.A., 1995. Temperature and development in larvae of the turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Mar. Biol. 124, 17– 25. Goodsell, A., Wikeley, D., Searle, L., 1996. Histological investigation of swim-bladder morphology and inflation in cultured larval striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) (Teleostei Latridae). Mar. Freshw. Res. 47, 251–254. Hadley, C.G., Rust, M.B., Van Eenennaam, J.P., Doroshov, S.I., 1987. Factors influencing initial swim bladder inflation by striped bass. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 2, 164–169. Harel, M., Tandler, A., Kissil, G.W., Applebaum, S., 1992. The kinetics of nutrient incorporation into body tissues of gilthead seabream S. aurata females and the subsequent effects on egg composition and egg quality. Isr. J. Aquac.-Bamidgeh 44, 127. Heming, T.A., Buddington, R.K., 1988. Yolk absorption in embryonic and larval fishes. In: Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J. (Eds.), Fish Physiology, Vol. X1A. Academic Press, London, pp. 407– 446. Kindschi, G.A., Barrows, F.T., 1993. Survey of swim bladder inflation in walleyes reared in hatchery production ponds. Prog. Fish-Cult. 55, 219– 223. Kitajima, C., Watanabe, T., Tsukashima, Y., Fujita, S., 1994. Lordotic deformation and abnormal development of swim bladders in some hatchery-bred marine physoclistous fish in Japan. J. World Aquac. Soc. 25 (1), 64–77. Kjørsvik, E., Mangor-Jensen, A., Holmefjord, I., 1989. Egg quality in marine fishes. Ny Fisk. Rapp. L. no. 5/89, Norway. Johnston, I.A., 1993. Temperature influences muscle differentiation and the relative timing of organogenesis in herring (Clupea harengus) larvae. Mar. Biol. 116, 363– 379. Johnston, I.A., Vieira, V.L.A., Hill, J., 1996. Temperature and ontogeny in ectotherms: muscle phenotype in fish In: Johnston, I.A., Bennett, A.F. (Eds.), Animals and Temperature: Phenotypic and Evolutionary Adaptation. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 153–181. Ling, N., 1990. The development, ultrastructure and biomechanics of the swim bladder of the New Zealand snapper, Pargus auratus. PhD thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand, 233 pp. Makino, N., Uchiyama, M., Iwanami, S., Tohyama, T., Tanaka, M., 1995. Differentiation and development of the swimbladder in larvae of the Japanese sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 61 (2), 143– 150 (in Japanese, with English abstract). Martin-Robichaud, D.J., Peterson, R.H., 1998. Effects of light intensity, tank colour and photoperiod on swim bladder inflation success in larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). Aquac. Res. 29, 539– 547. Marty, G.D., Hinton, D.E., Summerfelt, R.C., 1995. Histopathology of swimbladder noninflation in walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) larvae: role of development and inflammation. Aquaculture 138, 35– 48. Morehead, D.T., Ritar, A.J., Pankhurst, N.W., 2000. Effect of consecutive 9- or 12-month photothermal cycles and handling on sex steroid levels, oocyte development, and reproductive performance in female striped trumpeter Latris lineata (Latrididae). Aquaculture 189, 293– 305. Rieger, P.W., Summerfelt, R.C., 1997. The influence of turbidity on larval walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, behavior and development in tank culture. Aquaculture 159, 19– 32. Rieger, P.W., Summerfelt, R.C., 1998. Microvideography of gas bladder inflation in larval walleye. J. Fish Biol. 53, 93– 99. Rombough, P.J., 1997. The effects of temperature on embryonic and larval development. In: Wood, C.M., McDonald, D.G. (Eds.), Global Warming: Implications for Freshwater and Marine Fish. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 177– 223. Ruwald, F.P., Searle, L.D., Oates, L.A., 1991. A preliminary investigation into the spawning and larval rearing of striped trumpeter, Latris lineata. Technical Report 44, Department of Primary Industry, Tasmania, Division of Sea Fisheries, Sea Fisheries Research Laboratories, Crayfish Point, Taroona, 17 pp. Ryland, J.S., 1963. The swimming speeds of plaice larvae. J. Exp. Biol. 40, 285– 299. Takashima, F., Arai, Y., Nomura, M., 1980. Abnormal development of the swimbladder in hatchery-reared red sea-bream, Chrysophrys major. J. Tokyo Univ. Fish. 67 (1), 67– 73 (in Japanese, with English abstract). Tanangonan, J.B., Tagawa, M., Tanaka, M., Hirano, T., 1989. Changes in tissue thyroxine level of metamorphosing Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus reared at different temperatures. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 55 (3), 485– 490. Tandler, A., Harel, M., Koven, W.M., Kolkovski, S., 1995. Broodstock and larvae nutrition in gilthead seabream Sparus aurata—new findings on its mode of involvement in improving growth, survival and swimbladder inflation. Isr. J. Aquac.-Bamidgeh 47 (3– 4), 95– 111. Trotter, A.J., Pankhurst, P.M., Hart, P.R., 2001. Swim bladder malformation in hatchery-reared striped trumpeter Latris lineata (Latridae). Aquaculture 198, 41–54. Yamashita, K., 1966. Fundamental studies for the culture of Chrysophrys major: IV. On disease of larval and young fish (2). Abnormal expansion of the swimbladder. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 32 (12), 1006– 1014 (in Japanese, with English abstract). Yamashita, K., 1982. Differentiation of the swimbladder structure in larvae of the red seabream Pagrus major. Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 29 (2), 193–202 (in Japanese, with English abstract)." name="eprints.referencetext" /> <meta content="Trotter, A.J. and Pankhurst, P.M. and Morehead, David T. and Battaglene, Stephen C. (2003) Effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation and related development in cultured striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae. Aquaculture, 221 (1- 4). pp. 141-156. ISSN 0044-8486" name="eprints.citation" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2436/1/Temperature_trotter.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /> <meta content="Effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation and related development in cultured striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae" name="DC.title" /> <meta content="Trotter, A.J." name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="Pankhurst, P.M." name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="Morehead, David T." name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="Battaglene, Stephen C." name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="300700 Fisheries Sciences" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="Many physoclist fish have physostomous larvae, initially inflating the swim bladder by ingesting air at the water surface during a brief, finite period. Failed initial swim bladder inflation has been predominantly linked to abiotic factors and larvae which fail to complete initial swim bladder inflation exhibit reduced survival and growth. This study investigates the effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation, survival and post-inflation viability (surviving larvae with inflated swim bladders) in striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae. Growth, developmental stages and stagespecific larval size are examined in relation to initial swim bladder inflation. Larvae were reared at 12, 14, 16 or 18 jC (Experiment 1) or at 15, 17, 19 or 21 jC (Experiment 2) from day 1 posthatching in replicated 200-l tanks. Initial swim bladder inflation was significantly affected by temperature, with highest initial swim bladder inflation at 14 jC (67.8F5.9% S.E., n=3) to 16 jC (71.1F4.8%) and 15 jC (72.2F1.1%) to 17 jC (76.6F12.0%) in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Survival was also significantly influenced by temperature, with the highest survival at 16 jC (31.2F4.9%) to 18 jC (30.6F4.0%) in Experiment 1, and 17 jC (12.4F2.4%) to 19 jC (9.6F2.8%) in Experiment 2. In both experiments, the highest post-inflation viability occurred through a combination of maximum initial swim bladder inflation and survival, at 16 jC (21.3F2.1%) and 17 jC (9.5F1.8%) in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Reduced post-inflation viability at 18 and 19 jC was due to decreased initial swim bladder inflation, not survival. The reverse trend was apparent at lower temperatures where survival was significantly lower at 14 and 15 jC, but initial swim" name="DC.description" /> <meta content="2003" name="DC.date" /> <meta content="Article" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2436/1/Temperature_trotter.pdf" name="DC.identifier" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00506-9" name="DC.relation" /> <meta content="Trotter, A.J. and Pankhurst, P.M. and Morehead, David T. and Battaglene, Stephen C. (2003) Effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation and related development in cultured striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae. Aquaculture, 221 (1- 4). pp. 141-156. 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border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr> <td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td> <td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap"> <form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline"> <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" /> <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" /> <input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" /> <input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" /> <input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" /> </form> </td> </tr></table></td></tr> <tr> <td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" --> <div align="center"> <table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left"> <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation and related development in cultured striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae</h1> <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Trotter, A.J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Pankhurst, P.M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Morehead, David T.</span> and <span class="person_name">Battaglene, Stephen C.</span> (2003) <xhtml:em>Effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation and related development in cultured striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae.</xhtml:em> Aquaculture, 221 (1- 4). pp. 141-156. ISSN 0044-8486</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2436/1/Temperature_trotter.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2436/1/Temperature_trotter.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />336Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3186" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00506-9">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00506-9</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Many physoclist fish have physostomous larvae, initially inflating the swim bladder by ingesting air at the water surface during a brief, finite period. Failed initial swim bladder inflation has been predominantly linked to abiotic factors and larvae which fail to complete initial swim bladder inflation exhibit reduced survival and growth. This study investigates the effects of temperature on initial swim bladder inflation, survival and post-inflation viability (surviving larvae with inflated swim bladders) in striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae. Growth, developmental stages and stagespecific larval size are examined in relation to initial swim bladder inflation. Larvae were reared at 12, 14, 16 or 18 jC (Experiment 1) or at 15, 17, 19 or 21 jC (Experiment 2) from day 1 posthatching in replicated 200-l tanks. Initial swim bladder inflation was significantly affected by temperature, with highest initial swim bladder inflation at 14 jC (67.8F5.9% S.E., n=3) to 16 jC (71.1F4.8%) and 15 jC (72.2F1.1%) to 17 jC (76.6F12.0%) in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Survival was also significantly influenced by temperature, with the highest survival at 16 jC (31.2F4.9%) to 18 jC (30.6F4.0%) in Experiment 1, and 17 jC (12.4F2.4%) to 19 jC (9.6F2.8%) in Experiment 2. In both experiments, the highest post-inflation viability occurred through a combination of maximum initial swim bladder inflation and survival, at 16 jC (21.3F2.1%) and 17 jC (9.5F1.8%) in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Reduced post-inflation viability at 18 and 19 jC was due to decreased initial swim bladder inflation, not survival. The reverse trend was apparent at lower temperatures where survival was significantly lower at 14 and 15 jC, but initial swim</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com </td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Swim bladder inflation; Temperature; Fish larvae</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300000.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300700.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences > 300700 Fisheries Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2436</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">12 Nov 2007 14:01</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2436;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2436">item control page</a></p> </td></tr></table> </div> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" --> <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br /> © University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br /> <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td> <td width="32%"><div align="right"> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br /> </a></p> </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><p> </p></td> <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td> </tr> </table> <!-- #EndLibraryItem --> <div align="center"></div></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>