<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>UTas ePrints - Enhancing the social content of environmental management systems in Australian agriculture</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script> <style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style> <style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style> <link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" /> <link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" /> <meta content="Carruthers, Genevieve" name="eprints.creators_name" /> <meta content="Vanclay, Frank" name="eprints.creators_name" /> <meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" /> <meta content="Frank.Vanclay@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" /> <meta content="article" name="eprints.type" /> <meta content="2007-12-11 21:16:09" name="eprints.datestamp" /> <meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" /> <meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" /> <meta content="Enhancing the social content of environmental management systems in Australian agriculture" name="eprints.title" /> <meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" /> <meta content="public" name="eprints.full_text_status" /> <meta content="Environmental Management Systems; EMSs; ISO 14001; agriculture; farm management; social indicators; natural resource management." name="eprints.keywords" /> <meta content="Despite criticism that Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) do not address social aspects, a review of the EMS implementation on Australian farms revealed that there were many social dimensions to the EMS. While these were not necessarily explicitly recognised by the farmers, certifiers and/or regulators, these social factors were very important to the ongoing commitment to, and operation of, the EMSs. Social factors enhance the operation of the EMS, reinforce initial motivations and have major benefits for the farm business. However, gaining recognition of these factors was difficult, measuring changes in social interactions not easily achievable and not well recognised or rewarded by outside stakeholders. The development of improved mechanisms for valuing social factors in agricultural contexts, better understanding of the roles of these factors amongst EMS certifiers and advisors, and more explicit acknowledgement of the importance of these factors on overall farm management is required." name="eprints.abstract" /> <meta content="2007" name="eprints.date" /> <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" /> <meta content="International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology" name="eprints.publication" /> <meta content="6" name="eprints.volume" /> <meta content="3" name="eprints.number" /> <meta content="326-340" name="eprints.pagerange" /> <meta content="10.1504/IJARGE.2007.012840" name="eprints.id_number" /> <meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" /> <meta content="1462-4605" name="eprints.issn" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2007.012840" name="eprints.official_url" /> <meta content="Ammenberg, J. (2000) ‘Joint EMS and group certification: a cost-effective route for SMEs to achieve ISO 14001’, in R. Hilary (Ed). ISO 14001 Case Studies and Practical Experience, Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, pp.58–66. Briggs, S. (2003) ‘Command and control in natural resource management’, Ecological Management and Restoration, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp.161–162. Carruthers, G. (1998) ‘Australian cotton farm strives to produce green cotton EMS’, Globenet Report, 4 January 1998, Available at: http://iso14000.net/viewreport_subscr.cfm. Carruthers, G. (2003) Adoption of Environmental Management Systems in Agriculture Part 1: Case Studies from Australian and New Zealand Farms, Kingston Canberra: RIRDC Publication No. 03/121. Carruthers, G. (2005) Adoption of Environmental Management Systems in Agriculture Part 2: Analysis of 40 Case Studies, Kingston Canberra: RIRDC Publication No. 05/32. Carruthers, G. and Tinning, G. (1999) Environmental Management Systems in Agriculture: Proceedings of a National Workshop, 26–28 May 1999, RIRDC Publication No. 99/94. Carruthers, G. and Tinning, G. (2003a) ‘Where, and how, do monitoring and sustainability indicators fit into environmental management systems’, Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp.307–323. Carruthers, G. and Tinning, G. (2003b) ‘On-farm environmental management systems for grain growers: an Upper Murray Darling pilot project’, Project DAN 390 Final Report to the Grains Research and Development Corporation, Canberra. Carter, A. (2000) ‘Integrating quality, environment, health and safety systems with customers and contractors’, in R. Hilary (Ed). ISO 14001 Case Studies and Practical Experience, Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, pp.200–209. Coglianese, C. and Nash, J. (2001) ‘Environmental management systems and the new policy agenda’, in G. Coglianese and J. Nash (Eds). Regulating from the Inside: Can Environmental Management Systems Achieve Policy Goals? Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, pp.1–25. Delmas, M. (2002) ‘The diffusion of environmental management standards in Europe and in the United States: an institutional perspective’, Policy Sciences, Vol. 35, pp.91–119. Deming, W.E. (1990) Out of the Crisis, Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dovers, S. (2005) Environment and Sustainability Policy, Annandale, NSW: Federation Press. Elliott, E.D. and Charnley, G. (1998) ‘Towards bigger bubbles’, Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, Vol. 13, pp.48–54. Evers, P.S. (2000) ‘ISO 14001 and the American Indian Reservation’, in R. Hilary (Ed). ISO 14001 Case Studies and Practical Experience, Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, pp.173–180. Farmar-Bowers, Q. (2000) ‘Unco-operative stakeholders: ISO 14001 as a means to co-ordinate efforts’, in R. Hilary (Ed). ISO 14001 Case Studies and Practical Experience, Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, pp.220–230. Farrier, D. (1995a) ‘Conserving biodiversity on private land: incentives for management or compensation for lost expectations’, Harvard Environmental Law Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp.303–308. Farrier, D. (1995b) ‘Policy instruments for conserving biodiversity on private land’, in R.A. Bradstock, T.D. Auld, D.A. Keith, R.T. Kingsford, D. Lunney and D.P. Sivertsen (Eds). Conserving Biodiversity: Threats and Solutions, Surrey Beatty and Sons, pp.337–359. Florida, R. and Davison, D. (2001) ‘Why do firms adopt advanced environmental practices (and do they make a difference)?’ in G. Coglianese and J. Nash (Eds). Regulating from the Inside: Can Environmental Management Systems Achieve Policy Goals? Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, pp.82–104. Holling, C.S. and Meffe, G.K. (1996) ‘Command and control and the pathology of natural resource management’, Conservation Biology, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp.328–337. International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) (2004) ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems – Specification with Guidance for use. ISO/TC 207 ISO, Geneva. Jaffe, A. and Stavins, R. (1995) ‘Dynamic incentives of environmental regulations: the effects of alternative policy instruments on technology diffusion’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp.S43–S63. Kelly, A.H. (1995) ‘Land use planning in rural New South Wales: its evolutions and current trends’, Asia Pacific Law Review, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp.69–90. Mech, T. and Young, M. (2001) VEMAS: Designing Voluntary Environmental Management in Agriculture and Allied Rural Industries, Canberra: Project No: CSL-15A RIRDC. Moomaw, W.R. (2001) ‘Expanding the concept of environmental management systems to meet multiple social goals’, in G. Coglianese and J. Nash (Eds). Regulating from the Inside: Can Environmental Management Systems Achieve Policy Goals? Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, pp.126–145. Munro-Faure, L. and Munro-Faure, M. (1992) Implementing Total Quality Management, London: Pitman Publishing. Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council Standing Committee (2002) Australia’s National Framework for Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in Agriculture Natural Resource Management Standing Committee Report 1, Canberra. Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council (NRM MC) (2003) National Environmental Management Systems Implementation Plan, EMS Implementation Working Group on behalf of the NRM Ministerial Council, Canberra, Available at: www.daff.gov.au/ems_plan. Newbold, M.J., Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Finch, J., Kähö, T.M., Skinner, J.A., et al. (1997) ‘Options for informal environmental management: the agricultural industry highlighted’, Eco-Management and Auditing, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp.22–27. Serafin, R., Tatum, G. and Heydel, W. (2000) ‘ISO 14001 as an opportunity for engaging SMEs in Poland’s environmental reforms’, in R. Hilary (Ed). ISO 14001 Case Studies and Practical Experience, Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, pp.150–161. Sheldon, C. and Yoxon, M. (1999) Installing Environmental Management Systems: A Step-by-step Guide, London: Earthscan Publications. Standards Australia (2004a) Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management Systems – Requirements with Guidance for use, 3rd edition, Sydney: Standards Australia. Standards Australia (2004b) Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS ISO 14004:2004 Environmental Management Systems – General Guidelines on Principles, Systems and Support Techniques, 3rd edition, Sydney: Standards Australia. Standing Committee to the Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council (2002) Australia’s National Framework for Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in Agriculture, Natural Resource Management Standing Committee Report 1, Canberra. Vanclay, F. (2004) ‘The triple bottom line and impact assessment: How do TBL, EIA, SIA, SEA and EMS relate to each other?’ Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp.265–288. Welford, R. and Gouldson, A. (1993) Environmental Management and Business Strategy, London: Pitman Publishing. Young, C.W. (1996) ‘Measuring environmental performance’, in R. Welford (Ed). Corporate Environmental Management, London: Earthscan, pp.150–175." name="eprints.referencetext" /> <meta content="Carruthers, Genevieve and Vanclay, Frank (2007) Enhancing the social content of environmental management systems in Australian agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 6 (3). pp. 326-340. ISSN 1462-4605" name="eprints.citation" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2662/1/0703Vanclay.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /> <meta content="Enhancing the social content of environmental management systems in Australian agriculture" name="DC.title" /> <meta content="Carruthers, Genevieve" name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="Vanclay, Frank" name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="Despite criticism that Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) do not address social aspects, a review of the EMS implementation on Australian farms revealed that there were many social dimensions to the EMS. While these were not necessarily explicitly recognised by the farmers, certifiers and/or regulators, these social factors were very important to the ongoing commitment to, and operation of, the EMSs. Social factors enhance the operation of the EMS, reinforce initial motivations and have major benefits for the farm business. However, gaining recognition of these factors was difficult, measuring changes in social interactions not easily achievable and not well recognised or rewarded by outside stakeholders. The development of improved mechanisms for valuing social factors in agricultural contexts, better understanding of the roles of these factors amongst EMS certifiers and advisors, and more explicit acknowledgement of the importance of these factors on overall farm management is required." name="DC.description" /> <meta content="2007" name="DC.date" /> <meta content="Article" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2662/1/0703Vanclay.pdf" name="DC.identifier" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2007.012840" name="DC.relation" /> <meta content="Carruthers, Genevieve and Vanclay, Frank (2007) Enhancing the social content of environmental management systems in Australian agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 6 (3). pp. 326-340. 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<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Carruthers, Genevieve</span> and <span class="person_name">Vanclay, Frank</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Enhancing the social content of environmental management systems in Australian agriculture.</xhtml:em> International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 6 (3). pp. 326-340. ISSN 1462-4605</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_3523' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2662/1/0703Vanclay.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_3523' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_3523"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2662/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2662/1/0703Vanclay.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />138Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2007.012840">http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2007.012840</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Despite criticism that Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) do not address social aspects, a review of the EMS implementation on Australian farms revealed that there were many social dimensions to the EMS. While these were not necessarily explicitly recognised by the farmers, certifiers and/or regulators, these social factors were very important to the ongoing commitment to, and operation of, the EMSs. Social factors enhance the operation of the EMS, reinforce initial motivations and have major benefits for the farm business. However, gaining recognition of these factors was difficult, measuring changes in social interactions not easily achievable and not well recognised or rewarded by outside stakeholders. The development of improved mechanisms for valuing social factors in agricultural contexts, better understanding of the roles of these factors amongst EMS certifiers and advisors, and more explicit acknowledgement of the importance of these factors on overall farm management is required.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Environmental Management Systems; EMSs; ISO 14001; agriculture; farm management; social indicators; natural resource management.</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2662</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">12 Dec 2007 08:16</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2662;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2662">item control page</a></p> </td></tr></table> </div> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" --> <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br /> © University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br /> <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td> <td width="32%"><div align="right"> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br /> </a></p> </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><p> </p></td> <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td> </tr> </table> <!-- #EndLibraryItem --> <div align="center"></div></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>