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It provides evidence that generation of knowledge through experimentation and retention of knowledge through experience were significantly correlated with performance, whereas other measures of R&D commitment and organization, including several suggested by prior studies, were not. It argues that experience and experimentation can function as at least partial substitutes for one another, possessing more of one, firms may need less of the other, and provides evidence that they were so in the semiconductor industry. The evolution of practice at one firm—Intel Corporation—is explored at greater length, providing a qualitative perspective on the process by which a shift towards greater experimentation occurred." name="eprints.abstract" /> <meta content="2003" name="eprints.date" /> <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" /> <meta content="Research Policy" name="eprints.publication" /> <meta content="32" name="eprints.volume" /> <meta content="5" name="eprints.number" /> <meta content="809-825" name="eprints.pagerange" /> <meta content="10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00090-2" name="eprints.id_number" /> <meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" /> <meta content="0048-7333" name="eprints.issn" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00090-2" name="eprints.official_url" /> <meta content=" Adler, P.S., Clark, K.B., 1991. Behind the learning curve: a sketch of the learning process. Management Science 37 (3), 267-281. Allen, TJ., 1966. Studies of the problem-solving process in engineering design. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management EM-13 (2), 72-83. Allen, T.J., 1977. Managing the Flow of Technology. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Allen, T.J., Hauptman, 0., 1987. The influence of communication technologies on organizational structure. Communication Research 14 (5), 575-578. Allen, T.J., Lee, D.M.S., Tushman, M.L., 1979. Technology transfer as a function of position in the spectrum from research through development and technical services. Academy of Management Journal 22 (4), 694-708. Allen, T.J., Tushman, M.L., Lee, D.M.S., 1980. R&D performance as a function of internal communication, project management, and the. nature of work. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM-27 (I). Anderson, P., Tushman, M., 1990. Technological discontinuities and dominant designs: a cyclical model of technological change. Administrative Science Quarterly 35, 604-633. Arrow, K., 1962. Economic welfare and the allocation of resources of invention. In: Nelson, R. (Ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors. NJ Princeton University Press, Princeton. Bailey, M.N., Bartelsman, E., Haltiwanger, J., 1994. Downsizing and Productivity Growth: Myth or Reality? Center for Economic Studies, Discussion Papers. US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. Burgelman, R.A., 1994. Fading memories: a process theory of strategic business exit in dynamic environments. Administrative Science Quarterly 39 (l). Christensen, C., Rosenbloom, R., 1995. Explaining the attacker's advantage: technological paradigms, organizational dynamics, and the value network. Research Policy 24, 233-257. Clark, K.B., Fujimoto, T., 1991. Product Development Performance. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Massachusetts. Cogan, G.W., Burgelman, R.A., 1990. Intel Corporation (A): The DRAM Decision, Case PS-BP-256. Stanford Business School, California. Cogan, G.w., Burgelman, R.A., 1991. Intel Corporation (C): Strategy for the 1990s, Case PS-BP-256C. Stanford Business School, California. Dasgupta, P., Stiglitz, J., 1980. Industrial structure and the nature of innovative activity. Economic Journal XC, 266--293. Dosi, G., Marengo, L., 1993. Some elements of an evolutionary theory of organizational competences. In: England, R.W. (Ed.), Evolutionary Concepts in Contemporary Economics. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Eisenhardt, K.M., Tabrizi, B.N., 1995. Accelerating adaptive processes: product innovation in the global computer industry. Administrative Sciences Quarterly. Ettlie, J.E., Bridges, wr., O'Keefe, R.D., 1984. "Organizational strategy and structural differences for radical vs. incremental innovation". Management Science 30 (6), 682-695. Everson, R., Kislev, Y., 1976. A stochastic model of applied R&D. Journal of Political Economy LXXXIV, 265-282. Frischmuth, D.S., Allen, T.J., 1969. 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"Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research," (Winter special issue), Strategic Management Journal 15, pp. 63-84. Iansiti, M., 1997. Technology Integration. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA. Katz, R., Allen, T.J., 1985. Project performance and the locus of influence in the R&D matrix. Academy of Management Journal. Kiesler, S., Sproull, L., 1982. Managerial response to changing environments: perspectives on problem sensing from social cognition". Administrative Science Quarterly 27, 548570. Keller, R.T., 1986. Predictors of the performance of project groups in R&D organizations. Academy of Management Journal 29 (4), 715-726. Larson,E.W., Gobeli, D.H., 1988. Organizing for product development projects. Journal of Product Innovation 0Management 5, 180-190. Leonard-Barton, D., 1992. Core capabilities and core rigidities: a paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal 13,111-125. Levinthal, D., March, J.G., 1981. 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Pisano, G., 1994. Knowledge, integration, and the locus oflearning: an empirical analysis of process development". Strategic Management Journal 15, 85-100. Teece, DJ., 1982. Towards an economic theory of the multiproduct firm. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 3, 39-63. Teece, DJ., Pisano, G., 1994. The dynamic capabilities of firms: an introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change 3, 3. Thomke, S., 1995. The economics of experimentation in the design of new products and processes. Ph.D. thesis, Sloan School of Management. Thomke, S., 1997. Managing Experimentation in the Design of New Products and Processes. Harvard Business School Working Paper. Thomke, S., von Hippel, E., Franke, R, 1997. Modes of Experimentation: An Innovation Process Variable. Harvard Business School Working Paper, #97-057. Tushman, M.L., Anderson, P., 1986. Technological discontinuities and organizational environments. Administrative Science Quarterly 31, 439-465. Tushman, M.L., O'Reilly, C.A., III, 1997. Winning Through Innovation. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA. Tyre, MJ., Hauptman, 0., 1990. Effectiveness of Organizational Response Mechanisms to Technological Change in the Production Process. MIT Working Paper #3050-89-BPS, May. von Hippel, E., 1986. Lead users: a source of novel product concepts. Management Science 32 (7), 791-805. von Hippel, E., Tyre, M., 01995. How 'learning by doing' is done: problem identification in novel process equipment". Research Policy 24, 1-12. Weick, K.E., 01979. The Social Psychology of Organizing. MeGraw- Hill, New York. Wernerfelt, B., 1984. A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal 5, 171-180. West, J., 2000. Institutions, information processing, and organization structure in research and development: evidence from the semiconductor industry. Research Policy 29 (3), 349-373. West, J., 2002. Limits to globalization: organizational homogeneity and diversity in the semiconductor industry. Industrial and Corporate Change 11 (1), 159-188. Wheelwright, S.C., Clark, K.B., 1992. Revolutionizing Product Development. Free Press, New York. Zant, P., 1990. Microchip Fabrication: A Practical Guide to Semiconductor Processing, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill, New" name="eprints.referencetext" /> <meta content="West, Jonathan and Iansiti, Marco (2003) Experience, experimentation, and the accumulation of knowledge: the evolution of R&D in the semiconductor industry. Research Policy, 32 (5). pp. 809-825. ISSN 0048-7333" name="eprints.citation" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2683/1/Research_Policy-experience.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /> <meta content="Experience, experimentation, and the accumulation of knowledge: the evolution of R&D in the semiconductor industry" name="DC.title" /> <meta content="West, Jonathan" name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="Iansiti, Marco" name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="290000 Engineering and Technology" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="350211 Innovation and Technology Management" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="This paper examines the interaction and impact on performance of two organizational mechanisms supporting generation and retention of knowledge: experience accumulation and experimentation. It provides evidence that generation of knowledge through experimentation and retention of knowledge through experience were significantly correlated with performance, whereas other measures of R&D commitment and organization, including several suggested by prior studies, were not. It argues that experience and experimentation can function as at least partial substitutes for one another, possessing more of one, firms may need less of the other, and provides evidence that they were so in the semiconductor industry. The evolution of practice at one firm—Intel Corporation—is explored at greater length, providing a qualitative perspective on the process by which a shift towards greater experimentation occurred." name="DC.description" /> <meta content="2003" name="DC.date" /> <meta content="Article" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2683/1/Research_Policy-experience.pdf" name="DC.identifier" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00090-2" name="DC.relation" /> <meta content="West, Jonathan and Iansiti, Marco (2003) Experience, experimentation, and the accumulation of knowledge: the evolution of R&D in the semiconductor industry. Research Policy, 32 (5). pp. 809-825. 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border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr> <td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td> <td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap"> <form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline"> <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" /> <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" /> <input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" /> <input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" /> <input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" /> </form> </td> </tr></table></td></tr> <tr> <td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" --> <div align="center"> <table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left"> <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Experience, experimentation, and the accumulation of knowledge: the evolution of R&D in the semiconductor industry</h1> <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">West, Jonathan</span> and <span class="person_name">Iansiti, Marco</span> (2003) <xhtml:em>Experience, experimentation, and the accumulation of knowledge: the evolution of R&D in the semiconductor industry.</xhtml:em> Research Policy, 32 (5). pp. 809-825. ISSN 0048-7333</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2683/1/Research_Policy-experience.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2683/1/Research_Policy-experience.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />1131Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3672" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00090-2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00090-2</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">This paper examines the interaction and impact on performance of two organizational mechanisms supporting generation and retention of knowledge: experience accumulation and experimentation. It provides evidence that generation of knowledge through experimentation and retention of knowledge through experience were significantly correlated with performance, whereas other measures of R&D commitment and organization, including several suggested by prior studies, were not. It argues that experience and experimentation can function as at least partial substitutes for one another, possessing more of one, firms may need less of the other, and provides evidence that they were so in the semiconductor industry. The evolution of practice at one firm—Intel Corporation—is explored at greater length, providing a qualitative perspective on the process by which a shift towards greater experimentation occurred.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com </td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Experience; Experimentation; Semiconductors</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/290000.html">290000 Engineering and Technology</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/350211.html">350000 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services > 350200 Business and Management > 350211 Innovation and Technology Management</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2683</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Miss Alexandra Lejda</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">19 Dec 2007 12:16</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2683;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2683">item control page</a></p> </td></tr></table> </div> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" --> <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br /> © University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br /> <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td> <td width="32%"><div align="right"> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br /> </a></p> </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><p> </p></td> <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td> </tr> </table> <!-- #EndLibraryItem --> <div align="center"></div></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>