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    <title>UTas ePrints - Inferring central McArthur Basin shape at HYC time: Integration of geophysical interpretation and geology using GIS</title>
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<meta content="Roach, M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Leaman, D.E." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Mark.Duffett@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="Munson, T." name="eprints.editors_name" />
<meta content="Ambrose, G." name="eprints.editors_name" />
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<meta content="Greg.Ambrose@nt.gov.au" name="eprints.editors_id" />
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<meta content="Inferring central McArthur Basin shape at HYC time: Integration of geophysical interpretation and geology using GIS" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="Northern Territory, McArthur Basin, geographic
information systems (GIS), sedimentary basins, reconstruction,
mineral deposits, metallogenesis, Sedex, exhalative
processes, base metals, geophysical interpretation, geological
interpretation, regional mineral exploration" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="Sediment-hosted metallogeny results from sedimentary
basin fluid flow, which in turn, is controlled by the
evolving architecture of the basin. Understanding and
predicting the location of ore deposits therefore depends
on knowledge of the three-dimensional geometry of
the target basin through time (4-D basin architecture).
However, quantitative basin analysis is severely
handicapped in the absence of extensive seismic reflection
data from the target terranes, such as the Proterozoic
of northern Australia, host to a world-class base metal
endowment. Geological mapping and regional potential
field geophysical data, on the other hand, are widely
available, but their interpretation in terms of 4-D basin
architecture is not straightforward. GIS and geophysical
modelling were deployed to assist.
A GIS with 1:250 000-scale geological map and
geochemical data was designed and implemented for a
region in the McArthur Basin encompassing the giant
HYC Zn-Pb-Ag deposit. The GIS incorporates geological
attributes that encode depth information implicit in the
stratigraphic column. This data structure, in conjunction
with topological attributes, allows queries based on the
stratigraphic relationships of spatial elements.
An initial 3-D picture of the basin, relying solely
on surface geological data and measured stratigraphic
thicknesses, was developed by generation of layers
comprising 'predicted' structure contour values for any
given stratigraphic unit. This prediction is analogous
to calculation of the theoretical Bouguer gravity value
during reduction of gravity data. The predicted value
(for example, of basement depth) does not necessarily
indicate the true elevation of the surface being considered
at a given location; rather, it is a baseline for comparison.
Lateral variations from this baseline indicate departures
of basin shape from 'layer-cake' geometry. By this
mechanism, elements of the basin fill, lost due to
deformation and erosion following terminal deposition,
may be restored for comparative purposes.
The development of stratigraphic topology enables
automatic identification of the location and magnitude
of unconformities on geological maps. These indicate
areas and periods of uplift through the sedimentation
history of the basin, from which fluid flow may have been
topographically driven. Conversely, the distribution
of unconformities circumscribes regions of more
continuous sedimentation, where accommodation space
was developed more consistently.
Both gravity and magnetic data were forward
modelled in an extensive interlocking array of cross-sectional
2-D profiles. Several basin units are resolvable
from regional data using these methods. In particular, the
HYC-hosting upper McArthur Group is distinguishable
due to its carbonate-dominant composition, resulting in a
positive density contrast. These interpretations, initially
expressed as structure contours and isopachs (Leaman
1998), were interpolated into 3-D models of the present
disposition of basin units. These may be compared
directly with the basin unit depths and thicknesses
'predicted' from outcrop-derived data.
Residuals, after removal of 'predicted' or 'layer-cake'
McArthur Group thickness from the 'actual'
(geophysically interpreted) present thickness, directly
map the location and size of active sub-basins at the
time of the formation of HYC mineralisation. The subbasins
thus defined are congruent with indications
from unconformity distribution. HYC's situation at the
northeastern edge of one of these sub-basins is consistent
with topographic and bounding growth fault control
on the palaeohydrogeological regime that focused
mineralising fluids in the vicinity of the deposit. Other
sub-basin edges are indicated as sites of potential base
metal mineralisation." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2007-02-08" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Northern Territory Geological Survey Special Publication" name="eprints.series" />
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<meta content="Proceedings of the Central Australian Basins Symposium, Alice Springs, 16-18 August, 2005." name="eprints.book_title" />
<meta content="http://www.conferences.minerals.nt.gov.au/cabsproceedings" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Blewett R, 1993. The AGSO field geological note books - a
user's guide. Australian Geological Survey Organisation,
Record 1993/94.
Bonham-Carter GF, Agterberg FP and Wright DF, 1990.
Weights of evidence modelling: a new approach
to mapping mineral potential: in Agterberg FP and
Bonham-Carter GF (editors) 'Statistical Applications
in the Earth Sciences.' Geological Survey of Canada,
Paper 89-9, 171-183.
D'Ercole C, Groves DI and Knox-Robinson CM, 2000.
Using fuzzy logic in a Geographic Information
System environment to enhance conceptually based
prospectivity analysis of Mississippi Valley-type
mineralisation. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
47, 913-927.
Duffett ML, 2000. Geophysical and GIS applications
to exploration for Proterozoic sediment-hosted Zn-
Pb mineralisation, northern Australia. PhD thesis,
University of Tasmania.
Duffett ML and Leaman DE, 1997. McArthur Basin
architecture - a new perspective from geophysics and
GIS. Exploration Geophysics 28, 39-42.
Dunster JN, 1996. Sedimentology of the Lady Loretta
Formation - a comparison of the regional setting to that
of the Lady Loretta orebody: in Baker T et al (editors)
'MIC '96: The McArthur, Mt Isa, Cloncurry Minerals
Province - New Developments in Metallogenic Research,
Extended Conference Abstracts.' EGRU Contribution
55, 47-50.
Etheridge MA, Rutland RWR and Wyborn LAI, 1987.
Orogenesis and tectonic process in the early to middle
Proterozoic of northern Australia: in Kroner A (editor)
'Proterozoic Lithospheric Evolution.' Geodynamics
Series 17, 131-147. American Geophysical Union,
Washington DC.
Etheridge M and Wall V, 1994. Tectonic and structural
evolution of the Australian Proterozoic. 12th Australian
Geological Convention, Geological Society of Australia,
Abstracts 37, 102-103.
Hinman M, 1996. Constraints, timing and processes of
stratiform base metal mineralization at the HYC Ag-Pb-
Zn deposit, McArthur River: in Baker T et al (editors)
'MIC '96: The McArthur, Mt Isa, Cloncurry Minerals
Province - New Developments in Metallogenic Research,
Extended Conference Abstracts.' EGRU Contribution
55, 56-59.
Hinman M, Wall V, and Heinrich C, 1994. The interplay
between sedimentation, deformation and hydrothermal
activity at the McArthur Pb-Zn (-Cu) deposit. 12th
Australian Geological Convention, Geological Society
of Australia Abstracts 37, 176-177.
Jackson MJ, Muir MD and Plumb KA, 1987. Geology of
the southern McArthur Basin, Northern Territory. BMR
Bulletin 220.
Jackson MJ, Sweet IP and Powell TG, 1988. Studies on
petroleum geology and geochemistry of the middle
Proterozoic McArthur Basin, northern Australia I:
petroleum potential. Australian Petroleum Exploration
Association, Journal 28, 283-302.
Knox-Robinson CM, Robinson DC and Groves DI, 1992.
The use of geographical information systems as a gold
prospectivity mapping tool, with reference to the Yilgarn
Block, Western Australia: Requirements and limitations:
in Geological Applications of Geographic Information
Systems (GIS). Australian Institute of Geoscientists,
Bulletin 12, 71-82.
Large RR, Bull SW, Selley D, Yang J, Cooke DR, Garven G
and McGoldrick PJ, 2002. Controls on the formation of
giant stratiform sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits: with
particular reference to the north Australian Proterozoic:
in Cooke, DR and Pongratz J (editors) 'Giant Ore
Deposits: Characterization, Genesis, and Exploration.'
CODES Special Publication 4, University of Tasmania,
Hobart.
Leaman DE, 1994. Criteria for evaluation of potential field
interpretations. First Break 12, 181-191.
Leaman DE, 1996. Are thick volcanic piles concealed
in north Australian Proterozoic basins? Exploration
Geophysics 27, 13-20.
Leaman DE, 1997. Application of magnetic methods to deep
basin structures. Exploration Geophysics 28, 97-105.
Leaman DE, 1998. Structure, contents and setting of Pb-Zn
mineralisation in the McArthur Basin, northern Australia.
Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, 3-20.
McClenaghan MP, Roach MJ and Bottrill RS, 1994. Structure
of the GIS databases. Mineral Resources Tasmania,
Report 1994/07 (unpublished).
McGoldrick P and Large R, 1998. Proterozoic stratiform
sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits. AGSO Journal of
Geology and Geophysics 17(4), 189-196.
Neudert M and McGeough M, 1996. A new
tectonostratigraphic framework for the deposition of the
upper McArthur Group, NT: in Baker T et al (editors)
'MIC '96: The McArthur, Mt Isa, Cloncurry Minerals
Province - New Developments in Metallogenic Research,
Extended Conference Abstracts.' EGRU Contribution
55, 90-93.
Oehler JH and Logan RG, 1977. Microfossils, cherts and
associated mineralization in the McArthur Deposit, NT,
Australia. Economic Geology 72, 1393-1409.
Page RW, Jackson MJ and Krassay AA, 2000. Constraining
sequence stratigraphy in north Australian basins:
SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology between Mt
Isa and McArthur River. Australian Journal of Earth
Sciences 47, 431-459.
Pietsch BA, Rawlings DJ, Creaser PM, Kruse PD, Ahmad
M, Ferenczi PA and Findhammer TLR, 1991. Bauhinia
Downs, Northern Territory (Second Edition). 1:250 000
geological map series explanatory notes, SE 53-03.
Northern Territory Geological Survey, Darwin.
Plumb KA, Ahmad M and Wygralak AS, 1990. Mid-
Proterozoic basins of the North Australian Craton
- regional geology and mineralisation: in Hughes FE
(editor) Geology of the mineral deposits of Australia and
Papua New Guinea. Volume 1. Australasian Institute of
Mining and Metallurgy, Monograph 14, 881-902.
Plumb KA and Wellman P, 1987. McArthur Basin, Northern
Territory: mapping of deep troughs using gravity and
magnetic anomalies. BMR Journal of Australian Geology
and Geophysics 10, 243-252.
22
Duffett et al
Rawlings DJ, 1994. Characterisation and correlation of
volcanism in the McArthur Basin and Transitional
Domain, NT: in Hallenstein CP (editor) 'AusIMM Annual
Conference Technical Program Proceedings.' AusIMM
Publication Series 5/94, 157-160.
Rawlings DJ, 1999. Stratigraphic resolution of a multiphase
intracratonic basin system: the McArthur Basin, northern
Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, 703-
723.
Rawlings DJ, 2007. Evolution of the Redbank Package:
in Munson TJ and Ambrose GJ (editors) 'Petroleum
and mineral potential of central Australian basins.
Proceedings of the Central Australian Basins Symposium
(CABS), Alice Springs, Northern Territory, 16-18 August,
2005.' Northern Territory Geological Survey, Special
Publication 2 (this volume).
Rogers J, 1996. Geology and tectonic setting of the Tawallah
Group, southern McArthur Basin, Northern Territory.
PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.
Scott DL, Rawlings DJ, Page RW, Tarlowski CZ, Idnurm
M, Jackson MJ and Southgate PN, 2000. Basement
framework and geodynamic evolution of the
Palaeoproterozoic superbasins of north-central Australia:
an integrated review of geochemical, geochronological
and geophysical data. Australian Journal of Earth
Sciences 47, 341-380.
Southgate PN, Bradshaw BE, Domagala J, Jackson MJ,
Idnurm M, Krassay AA, Page RW, Sami TT, Scott
DL, Lindsay JF, McConachie BA and Tarlowski
C, 2000. Chronostratigraphic basin framework for
Palaeoproterozoic rocks (1730-1575 Ma) in northern
Australia and implications for base-metal mineralisation.
Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47(3), 461-483.
Wright DF and Bonham-Carter GF, 1992. Two case studies
for mapping mineral potential using weights-of-evidence
modelling: Gold in Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia and
base metals in Snow Lake area, Manitoba: in 'Geological
Applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).'
Australian Institute of Geoscientists, Bulletin 12, 83-84.
Wyborn LAI, Gallagher R and Mernagh TP, 1995. Using
GIS for mineral potential evaluation in areas with few
known mineral occurrences. Proceedings of the Second
National Forum on GIS in the Geosciences. AGSO
Record 1995/46, 199-211 .
Yang Jianwen, Bull S and Large R, 2004. Numerical investigation
of salinity in controlling ore-forming fluid transport in
sedimentary basins: example of the HYC deposit, northern
Australia. Mineralium Deposita 39, 1-19.
" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Duffett, M.L. and Roach, M. and Leaman, D.E. (2007) Inferring central McArthur Basin shape at HYC time: Integration of geophysical interpretation and geology using GIS. In: Proceedings of the Central Australian Basins Symposium, Alice Springs, 16-18 August, 2005. Northern Territory Geological Survey Special Publication, 2 . Northern Territory Geological Survey, Darwin, NT." name="eprints.citation" />
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basin fluid flow, which in turn, is controlled by the
evolving architecture of the basin. Understanding and
predicting the location of ore deposits therefore depends
on knowledge of the three-dimensional geometry of
the target basin through time (4-D basin architecture).
However, quantitative basin analysis is severely
handicapped in the absence of extensive seismic reflection
data from the target terranes, such as the Proterozoic
of northern Australia, host to a world-class base metal
endowment. Geological mapping and regional potential
field geophysical data, on the other hand, are widely
available, but their interpretation in terms of 4-D basin
architecture is not straightforward. GIS and geophysical
modelling were deployed to assist.
A GIS with 1:250 000-scale geological map and
geochemical data was designed and implemented for a
region in the McArthur Basin encompassing the giant
HYC Zn-Pb-Ag deposit. The GIS incorporates geological
attributes that encode depth information implicit in the
stratigraphic column. This data structure, in conjunction
with topological attributes, allows queries based on the
stratigraphic relationships of spatial elements.
An initial 3-D picture of the basin, relying solely
on surface geological data and measured stratigraphic
thicknesses, was developed by generation of layers
comprising 'predicted' structure contour values for any
given stratigraphic unit. This prediction is analogous
to calculation of the theoretical Bouguer gravity value
during reduction of gravity data. The predicted value
(for example, of basement depth) does not necessarily
indicate the true elevation of the surface being considered
at a given location; rather, it is a baseline for comparison.
Lateral variations from this baseline indicate departures
of basin shape from 'layer-cake' geometry. By this
mechanism, elements of the basin fill, lost due to
deformation and erosion following terminal deposition,
may be restored for comparative purposes.
The development of stratigraphic topology enables
automatic identification of the location and magnitude
of unconformities on geological maps. These indicate
areas and periods of uplift through the sedimentation
history of the basin, from which fluid flow may have been
topographically driven. Conversely, the distribution
of unconformities circumscribes regions of more
continuous sedimentation, where accommodation space
was developed more consistently.
Both gravity and magnetic data were forward
modelled in an extensive interlocking array of cross-sectional
2-D profiles. Several basin units are resolvable
from regional data using these methods. In particular, the
HYC-hosting upper McArthur Group is distinguishable
due to its carbonate-dominant composition, resulting in a
positive density contrast. These interpretations, initially
expressed as structure contours and isopachs (Leaman
1998), were interpolated into 3-D models of the present
disposition of basin units. These may be compared
directly with the basin unit depths and thicknesses
'predicted' from outcrop-derived data.
Residuals, after removal of 'predicted' or 'layer-cake'
McArthur Group thickness from the 'actual'
(geophysically interpreted) present thickness, directly
map the location and size of active sub-basins at the
time of the formation of HYC mineralisation. The subbasins
thus defined are congruent with indications
from unconformity distribution. HYC's situation at the
northeastern edge of one of these sub-basins is consistent
with topographic and bounding growth fault control
on the palaeohydrogeological regime that focused
mineralising fluids in the vicinity of the deposit. Other
sub-basin edges are indicated as sites of potential base
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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Inferring central McArthur Basin shape at HYC time: Integration of geophysical interpretation and geology using GIS</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Duffett, M.L.</span> and <span class="person_name">Roach, M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Leaman, D.E.</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Inferring central McArthur Basin shape at HYC time: Integration of geophysical interpretation and geology using GIS.</xhtml:em> In: Proceedings of the Central Australian Basins Symposium, Alice Springs, 16-18 August, 2005. Northern Territory Geological Survey Special Publication, 2 . Northern Territory Geological Survey, Darwin, NT.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_681' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/668/1/P09_Duffett_et_al.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_681' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_681"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/668/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/668/1/P09_Duffett_et_al.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />2737Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.conferences.minerals.nt.gov.au/cabsproceedings">http://www.conferences.minerals.nt.gov.au/cabsproceedings</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Sediment-hosted metallogeny results from sedimentary&#13;
basin fluid flow, which in turn, is controlled by the&#13;
evolving architecture of the basin. Understanding and&#13;
predicting the location of ore deposits therefore depends&#13;
on knowledge of the three-dimensional geometry of&#13;
the target basin through time (4-D basin architecture).&#13;
However, quantitative basin analysis is severely&#13;
handicapped in the absence of extensive seismic reflection&#13;
data from the target terranes, such as the Proterozoic&#13;
of northern Australia, host to a world-class base metal&#13;
endowment. Geological mapping and regional potential&#13;
field geophysical data, on the other hand, are widely&#13;
available, but their interpretation in terms of 4-D basin&#13;
architecture is not straightforward. GIS and geophysical&#13;
modelling were deployed to assist.&#13;
A GIS with 1:250 000-scale geological map and&#13;
geochemical data was designed and implemented for a&#13;
region in the McArthur Basin encompassing the giant&#13;
HYC Zn-Pb-Ag deposit. The GIS incorporates geological&#13;
attributes that encode depth information implicit in the&#13;
stratigraphic column. This data structure, in conjunction&#13;
with topological attributes, allows queries based on the&#13;
stratigraphic relationships of spatial elements.&#13;
An initial 3-D picture of the basin, relying solely&#13;
on surface geological data and measured stratigraphic&#13;
thicknesses, was developed by generation of layers&#13;
comprising 'predicted' structure contour values for any&#13;
given stratigraphic unit. This prediction is analogous&#13;
to calculation of the theoretical Bouguer gravity value&#13;
during reduction of gravity data. The predicted value&#13;
(for example, of basement depth) does not necessarily&#13;
indicate the true elevation of the surface being considered&#13;
at a given location; rather, it is a baseline for comparison.&#13;
Lateral variations from this baseline indicate departures&#13;
of basin shape from 'layer-cake' geometry. By this&#13;
mechanism, elements of the basin fill, lost due to&#13;
deformation and erosion following terminal deposition,&#13;
may be restored for comparative purposes.&#13;
The development of stratigraphic topology enables&#13;
automatic identification of the location and magnitude&#13;
of unconformities on geological maps. These indicate&#13;
areas and periods of uplift through the sedimentation&#13;
history of the basin, from which fluid flow may have been&#13;
topographically driven. Conversely, the distribution&#13;
of unconformities circumscribes regions of more&#13;
continuous sedimentation, where accommodation space&#13;
was developed more consistently.&#13;
Both gravity and magnetic data were forward&#13;
modelled in an extensive interlocking array of cross-sectional&#13;
2-D profiles. Several basin units are resolvable&#13;
from regional data using these methods. In particular, the&#13;
HYC-hosting upper McArthur Group is distinguishable&#13;
due to its carbonate-dominant composition, resulting in a&#13;
positive density contrast. These interpretations, initially&#13;
expressed as structure contours and isopachs (Leaman&#13;
1998), were interpolated into 3-D models of the present&#13;
disposition of basin units. These may be compared&#13;
directly with the basin unit depths and thicknesses&#13;
'predicted' from outcrop-derived data.&#13;
Residuals, after removal of 'predicted' or 'layer-cake'&#13;
McArthur Group thickness from the 'actual'&#13;
(geophysically interpreted) present thickness, directly&#13;
map the location and size of active sub-basins at the&#13;
time of the formation of HYC mineralisation. The subbasins&#13;
thus defined are congruent with indications&#13;
from unconformity distribution. HYC's situation at the&#13;
northeastern edge of one of these sub-basins is consistent&#13;
with topographic and bounding growth fault control&#13;
on the palaeohydrogeological regime that focused&#13;
mineralising fluids in the vicinity of the deposit. Other&#13;
sub-basin edges are indicated as sites of potential base&#13;
metal mineralisation.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Book Chapter</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Northern Territory, McArthur Basin, geographic&#13;
information systems (GIS), sedimentary basins, reconstruction,&#13;
mineral deposits, metallogenesis, Sedex, exhalative&#13;
processes, base metals, geophysical interpretation, geological&#13;
interpretation, regional mineral exploration</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/269999.html">260000 Earth Sciences &gt; 269900 Other Earth Sciences &gt; 269999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260108.html">260000 Earth Sciences &gt; 260100 Geology &gt; 260108 Geotectonics</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/291004.html">290000 Engineering and Technology &gt; 291000 Geomatic Engineering &gt; 291004 Spatial Information Systems</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">668</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Mark Duffett</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">14 Feb 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">23 Jan 2008 15:54</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=668;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=668">item control page</a></p>
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