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Ultrasonic ranging is a well-established technique for estimating the distance to objects by bouncing an acoustic pulse off the object and measuring the time-of-flight. As with any types of sensors, these techniques each have their associated strengths and weaknesses. Therefore it is desirable to be able to use both sensor types simultaneously on a robot such that the benefits of the techniques can each be taken advantage of. Effective obstacle avoidance is an important challenge in the field of robotics that is integral to achieving the goal of fully autonomous mobile robots. To achieve such behaviour a control system is required for directing the robot on the basis of sensor inputs. This study presents a simplified fuzzy logic control system that differs from the standard fuzzy logic system in the way that fuzzy sets are generated. The control layers of the system dynamically create fuzzy sets on-the-fly when called upon to do so. The developed control system is used to show that there are benefits to combining stereoscopic vision and sonar for robot obstacle avoidance compared against using these sensors in isolation." name="eprints.abstract" /> <meta content="2006-11" name="eprints.date" /> <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" /> <meta content="75" name="eprints.pages" /> <meta content="University of Tasmania" name="eprints.institution" /> <meta content="School of Computing" name="eprints.department" /> <meta content="honours" name="eprints.thesis_type" /> <meta content="Acroname Inc. 2004, `Devantech SRF04 Ranger', viewed 1 November 2006, <http://www.acroname.com/robotics/parts/R93-SRF04.html>. Audrey Mbogho 2005, `DirectShow Single-Frame Capture Class With- out MFC', viewed 15 August 2006, <http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/g- m/directx/directshow/article.php/c9551/ >. Brooks, R. 1986, `A robust layered control system for a mobile robot', Robotics and Automation, IEEE Journal of [legacy, pre-1988] 2(1), 14{23. Brooks, R. 1991, `Intelligence without representation', ArtiÃÂïcial Intelligence 47(1), 139{159. Delgado, M., GÃÂöomez-Skarmeta, A. & MarÃÂöÃÂón-BlÃÂöazquez, J. 1998, `Fuzzy Hybrid Techniques in Modeling', Proceedings of the 11th International Confer- ence on Industrial and Engineering Applications of ArtiÃÂïcial Intelligence and Expert Systems: Methodology and Tools in Knowledge-Based Systems pp. 180{189. Deriche, R., Zhang, Z., Luong, Q. & Faugeras, O. 1994, `Robust recovery of the epipolar geometry for an uncalibrated stereo rig', Proceedings of the third European conference on Computer vision (vol. 1) table of contents pp. 567{576. Devantech Ltd 2003a, `SRF04|Ultra-Sonic Ranger Technical SpeciÃÂïcation', viewed 17 May 2006, <http://www.robot- electronics.co.uk/htm/srf04tech.htm>. 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J. 2005, `Flexible robot platform for autonomous research'. Honours thesis, University of Tasmania. Intel Corporation 2006, `Open Source Computer Vision Library', viewed 26 July 2006, <http://www.intel.com/technology/computing/opencv/>. Iocchi, L. & Konolige, K. 1998, `A Multiresolution Stereo Vision System for Mobile Robots', AIIA (Italian AI Association) Workshop, Padova, Italy . Langer, D. & Thorpe, C. E. 1997, Intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicles, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, Massachusetts, chapter 9. Leonard, J. & Durrant-Whyte, H. 1992, Directed sonar sensing for mobile robot navigation, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Cambridge, MA. Lewis, H. W. 1997, The foundations of fuzzy control, Plenum Publishing Cor- poration, New York. Leyden, M., Toal, D. & Flanagan, C. 1999, `A Fuzzy Logic Based Navigation System for a mobile Robot', Automatisierungs symposium Wismar . McComb, G. 2000, Robot Builder's Bonanza, McGraw-Hill/TAB Electronics. Microsoft Corporation 2006, `DirectShow', viewed 26 July 2006, <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en- us/directshow/htm/directshow.asp>. Mikeklein34 2004, `Processing two Webcams', viewed 26 July 2006, <http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jspa?forumID=28&threadID= 510436 >. Moravec, H. 1981, Robot rover visual navigation, UMI Research Press Ann Arbor, Mich. Murphy, R. R. 2000, Introduction to AI Robotics, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts. Murray, D. & Little, J. 2000, `Using Real-Time Stereo Vision for Mobile Robot Navigation', Autonomous Robots 8(2), 161{171. Nalwa, V. S. 1993, A guided tour of computer vision, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Nehmzow, U. 2003, Mobile Robotics: A Practical Introduction, Springer, Lon- don. Payton, D., Rosenblatt, J. & Keirsey, D. 1990, `Plan guided reaction', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 20(6), 1370{1382. 61 Robert, L., BuÃÂîa, M. & Hebert, M. 1994, `Weakly-Calibrated Stereo Perception for Rover Navigation', Proc. Image Understanding Workshop . Rosenblatt, J. & Thorpe, C. 1995, `Combining multiple goals in a behavior- based architecture', Proc. IEEE Conference on Intelligent Robots and Sys- tems . Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2006, `Java Media Framework API (JMF)', viewed 26 July 2006, <http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jmf/>. Toal, D., Flanagan, C., Jones, C. & Strunz, B. 1996, `Subsumption architecture for the control of robots', IMC-13, Limerick . Tsai, R. 1987, `A versatile camera calibration technique for high-accuracy 3D machine vision metrology using oÃÂî-the-shelf TV cameras and lenses', Robotics and Automation, IEEE Journal of [legacy, pre-1988] 3(4), 323{ 344. Viswanathan, M. 2005, Measurement Error And Research Design: A Practical Approach to the Intangibles of Research Design, Sage Publications. Yen, J. & PÃÂðuger, N. 1995, `A fuzzy logic based extension to Payton and Rosen- blatt's command fusion method for mobile robot navigation', Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on 25(6), 971{978. Zadeh, L. 1965, `Fuzzy Sets and Systems', Information and Control 8(3), 338{ 353. Zhang, Z. 1998, `Determining the Epipolar Geometry and its Uncertainty: A Review', International Journal of Computer Vision 27(2), 161{195. Zhang, Z., Deriche, R., Faugeras, O. D. & Luong, Q.-T. 1995, `A robust tech- nique for matching two uncalibrated images through the recovery of the unknown epipolar geometry', ArtiÃÂïcial Intelligence 78(1-2), 87{119. Zhang, Z. & Schenk, V. 1997, `Self-maintaining camera calibration over time', Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1997. Proceedings., 1997 IEEE Computer Society Conference on pp. 231{236." name="eprints.referencetext" /> <meta content="Grayston, Thomas Ian (2006) A Simplified Fuzzy-Logic Control System Approach to Obstacle Avoidance combining Stereoscopic Vision and Sonar. Honours thesis, University of Tasmania." name="eprints.citation" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/791/1/Thesis.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /> <meta content="A Simplified Fuzzy-Logic Control System Approach to Obstacle Avoidance combining Stereoscopic Vision and Sonar" name="DC.title" /> <meta content="Grayston, Thomas Ian" name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="280212 Neural Networks, Genetic Alogrithms and Fuzzy Logic" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="280209 Intelligent Robotics" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="Stereoscopic vision is a technique for calculating the depths of objects in a scene from two images. Ultrasonic ranging is a well-established technique for estimating the distance to objects by bouncing an acoustic pulse off the object and measuring the time-of-flight. As with any types of sensors, these techniques each have their associated strengths and weaknesses. Therefore it is desirable to be able to use both sensor types simultaneously on a robot such that the benefits of the techniques can each be taken advantage of. Effective obstacle avoidance is an important challenge in the field of robotics that is integral to achieving the goal of fully autonomous mobile robots. To achieve such behaviour a control system is required for directing the robot on the basis of sensor inputs. This study presents a simplified fuzzy logic control system that differs from the standard fuzzy logic system in the way that fuzzy sets are generated. The control layers of the system dynamically create fuzzy sets on-the-fly when called upon to do so. The developed control system is used to show that there are benefits to combining stereoscopic vision and sonar for robot obstacle avoidance compared against using these sensors in isolation." name="DC.description" /> <meta content="2006-11" name="DC.date" /> <meta content="Thesis" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="NonPeerReviewed" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/791/1/Thesis.pdf" name="DC.identifier" /> <meta content="Grayston, Thomas Ian (2006) A Simplified Fuzzy-Logic Control System Approach to Obstacle Avoidance combining Stereoscopic Vision and Sonar. 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Vision and Sonar</h1> <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Grayston, Thomas Ian</span> (2006) <xhtml:em>A Simplified Fuzzy-Logic Control System Approach to Obstacle Avoidance combining Stereoscopic Vision and Sonar.</xhtml:em> Honours thesis, University of Tasmania.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_796' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/791/1/Thesis.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_796' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_796"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/791/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/791/1/Thesis.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Thesis without appendixes)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />2583Kb</td></tr></table><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Stereoscopic vision is a technique for calculating the depths of objects in a scene from two images. Ultrasonic ranging is a well-established technique for estimating the distance to objects by bouncing an acoustic pulse off the object and measuring the time-of-flight. As with any types of sensors, these techniques each have their associated strengths and weaknesses. Therefore it is desirable to be able to use both sensor types simultaneously on a robot such that the benefits of the techniques can each be taken advantage of. Effective obstacle avoidance is an important challenge in the field of robotics that is integral to achieving the goal of fully autonomous mobile robots. To achieve such behaviour a control system is required for directing the robot on the basis of sensor inputs. This study presents a simplified fuzzy logic control system that differs from the standard fuzzy logic system in the way that fuzzy sets are generated. The control layers of the system dynamically create fuzzy sets on-the-fly when called upon to do so. The developed control system is used to show that there are benefits to combining stereoscopic vision and sonar for robot obstacle avoidance compared against using these sensors in isolation.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Thesis (Honours)</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">sensor fusion, sonar, vision, obstacle avoidance, fuzzy logic, robotics</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/280212.html">280000 Information, Computing and Communication Sciences > 280200 Artificial Intelligence and Signal and Image Processing > 280212 Neural Networks, Genetic Alogrithms and Fuzzy Logic</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/280209.html">280000 Information, Computing and Communication Sciences > 280200 Artificial Intelligence and Signal and Image Processing > 280209 Intelligent Robotics</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">791</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Prof Arthur Sale</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">22 Feb 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=791;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=791">item control page</a></p> </td></tr></table> </div> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" --> <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br /> © University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br /> <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td> <td width="32%"><div align="right"> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br /> </a></p> </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><p> </p></td> <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td> </tr> </table> <!-- #EndLibraryItem --> <div align="center"></div></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>