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  5.     <title>UTas ePrints - Endeavour copper-gold porphyry deposits, Northparkes, New South Wales: intrusive history and fluid evolution</title>
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  13.     <meta content="Lickfold, V." name="eprints.creators_name" />
  14. <meta content="Cooke, D.R." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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  29. <meta content="porphyry, copper, gold, alkalic, monzonite, geochronology" name="eprints.keywords" />
  30. <meta content="Four economic porphyry copper-gold deposits, Endeavour 22, 26, 27, and 48, occur within the Late Ordovician
  31. Goonumbla Volcanic Complex of central-west New South Wales, Australia. Together these deposits
  32. have a combined ore reserve of 63.6 million metric tons (Mt) at 1.1 percent copper and 0.5 g/t gold. Mineralization
  33. is centered in narrow, pipelike quartz monzonite porphyry (QMP) intrusive complexes.
  34. We have recognized at least nine intrusive phases within the Endeavour deposits. These are, in order of emplacement,
  35. as follows: a premineral equigranular monzodiorite; early-mineral, equigranular to weakly porphyritic
  36. biotite quartz monzonite (BQM) stocks and dikes; synmineral K-feldspar QMP (K-QMP) pipes and
  37. dikes; late-mineral augite-biotite–K-feldspar QMP (KA-QMP) intrusions and biotite QMP (B-QMP) dikes; and
  38. postmineral basaltic trachyandesite dikes, augite monzonite porphyry dikes, and basaltic dikes.
  39. Early-stage biotite-magnetite and propylitic alteration of the host volcanic rocks and K-feldspar alteration of
  40. the BQM occurred at each deposit during the intrusion of the BQM stocks and early-mineral B-QMP dikes.
  41. Transitional-stage unidirectional solidification textures and other related anisotropic textures formed mostly
  42. during the emplacement of K-QMP and KA-QMP intrusions. Main-stage sulfide mineralization at all four deposits
  43. is spatially and temporally associated with the K-QMP and, to a lesser extent, KA-QMP intrusions and
  44. their associated K-feldspar and sericite-hematite alteration assemblages, and is characterized by multiple generations
  45. of stockwork and sheeted quartz, K-feldspar, bornite, chalcopyrite, and gold-bearing veins. Late-stage
  46. sericite-quartz-copper-sulfide-carbonate-hematite alteration and vein assemblages formed prior to the emplacement
  47. of the postmineral intrusions. Weak to moderate postmineral propylitic alteration assemblages were
  48. the last alteration event related to the QMP intrusive complexes. Intrusive activity and associated biotite alteration
  49. occurred between 446 and 437 Ma, based on 40Ar/39Ar analyses of biotite and hornblende.
  50. Based on microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions from early-, transitional-, main-, and late-stage
  51. veins, the Endeavour deposits formed at depths between 1,000 and 1,700 m below the paleosurface, with a
  52. lithostatic pressure regime prevailing throughout the early, transitional, and main stages and near-hydrostatic
  53. pressures during the late-stage sericitic events. The first three stages were dominated by high-temperature
  54. (460°–>550°C) magmatic-hydrothermal brines with salinities of ~55 to 60 wt percent NaCl ± KCl equiv. Although
  55. the late-stage fluids were cooler (350°–400°C) and less saline (~40 wt % NaCl equiv), their compositions
  56. are consistent with the magmatic-hydrothermal origin indicated by previous oxygen and hydrogen isotope
  57. studies, confirming that the Endeavour porphyry deposits are representatives of the orthomagmatic end member
  58. of the porphyry continuum." name="eprints.abstract" />
  59. <meta content="2003-12" name="eprints.date" />
  60. <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
  61. <meta content="Economic Geology" name="eprints.publication" />
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  63. <meta content="8" name="eprints.number" />
  64. <meta content="1607-1636" name="eprints.pagerange" />
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  69. <meta content="Arundell, M.C., 1998, The geology and mineralization of the E31 coppergold
  70. prospect, Goonumbla, NSW: Unpublished Master of Economic Geology
  71. thesis, Hobart, Australia, University of Tasmania, 82 p.
  72. Bodnar, R.J., Burnham, C.W., and Sterner, S.M., 1985, Synthetic inclusions
  73. in natural quartz, III. Determination of phase equilibrium properties in the
  74. system H2O-NaCl to 1000ºC and 1500 bars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica
  75. Acta, v. 49, p. 1861–1873.
  76. Bodnar, R.J., Sterner, S.M., and Hall, D.L., 1989, SALTY: A Fortran program
  77. to calculate the compositions of fluid inclusions in the system NaCl-KCl-
  78. H2O: Computers and Geosciences, v. 15, p. 14–41.
  79. Bowman, H.N., Richardson, S.J., and Dolanski, J., 1982, Narromine 1:250
  80. 000 metallogenic map SI 55-3—mine data sheets and metallogenic study:
  81. New South Wales Geological Survey, 337 p.
  82. Butera, K.M., Williams, I.S., Blevin, P.L., and Simpson, C.J., 2001, Zircon UPb
  83. dating of Early Palaeozoic monzonitic intrusives from the Goonumbla
  84. area, New South Wales: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 48, p.
  85. 457–464.
  86. Carten, R., 1986, Sodium-calcium metasomatism: Chemical, temporal, and
  87. spatial relationships at the Yerington, Nevada, porphyry copper deposit:
  88. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 81, p. 1495–1519.
  89. Carten, R.B., Walker, B.M., and Geraghty, E.P., 1988, Comparison of fieldbased
  90. studies of the Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit, Colorado,
  91. with experimental and theoretical models of porphyry systems: Canadian
  92. Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Special Volume 39, p. 351–366.
  93. Cline, J.S. and Bodnar, R.J., 1994, Direct evolution of brine from a crystallizing
  94. silicic melt at the Questa, New Mexico, molybdenum deposit: ECONOMIC
  95. GEOLOGY, v. 89, p. 1780–1802.
  96. Clode, C., Profett, J., Mitchell, P., and Manumit, I., 1999, Relationships on
  97. intrusion, wall-rock alteration and mineralization in the Batu Hijau coppergold
  98. porphyry deposit: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, of
  99. Pacrim ‘99, Bali, Indonesia, Proceedings, p. 485–498.
  100. Cooke, D.R. and Bloom, M.S.,1990, Epithermal and subjacent porphyry
  101. mineralization, Acupan, Baguio district, Philippines: A fluid-inclusion and
  102. paragenetic study: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 35, p. 297–340.
  103. Crawford, A.J., Cooke, D.R., and Glen, R.A., 2001, Final Report: CODESDMR-
  104. SPIRT Ordovician project: Unpublished report to Industry, Centre
  105. for Ore Deposit Research, Hobart, University of Tasmania, 527 p.
  106. Dilles, J.H., and Einaudi, M.T., 1992, Wall-rock alteration and hydrothermal
  107. flow paths about the Ann-Mason porphyry copper deposit, Nevada—a 6-
  108. km vertical reconstruction: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 87, p. 1963–2001.
  109. Duggan, M.B., Lyons, P., Raymond, O.L., Wallace, D.A., Wyborn, D., Young,
  110. G.C., Krynen, J.P., Scott, M.M., and Sherwin, L., 1999, Forbes geology:
  111. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Sheet S155-7.
  112. Glen, R.A., 1992, Thrust, extensional and strike-slip tectonics in an evolving
  113. Palaeozoic orogen—a structural synthesis of the Lachlan fold belt of southeastern
  114. Australia: Tectonophysics, v. 214, p. 341–380.
  115. Glen, R.A., and Walshe, J.L., 1999, Cross-structures in the Lachlan orogen:
  116. the Lachlan transverse zone example: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,
  117. v. 46, p. 641–658.
  118. Gordon, M.J., 1990, The geology of E.L. 2908, Molong, and mineralization
  119. of the Endeavour 37 prospect, Goonumbla, NSW: Unpublished
  120. B.Sc. (Honors) thesis, Canberra, Australia, Australian National University,
  121. 109 p.
  122. Gustafson, L.B., and Hunt, J.P., 1975, The porphyry copper deposit at El Salvador,
  123. Chile: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 70, p. 857–912.
  124. Harris, A.C., 1997, Vein emplacement, E26N porphyry Cu-Au deposit,
  125. Goonumbla, New South Wales: Unpublished B.Sc. (Honors) thesis, Brisbane,
  126. Australia, University of Queensland, 102 p.
  127. Harris, A.C., and Golding, S.D., 2002, New evidence for magmatic-fluid-related
  128. phyllic alteration: Implications for the genesis of porphyry Cu deposits:
  129. Geology, v. 30, p. 335–338.
  130. Heithersay, P.S., 1991, The shoshonite-associated Endeavour 26 North porphyry
  131. copper-gold deposit, Goonumbla, NSW: Unpublished draft Ph.D.
  132. manuscript, Canberra, Australia, Australian National University, 187 p.
  133. Heithersay, P.S., and Walshe, J.L., 1995, Endeavour 26 North: A porphyry
  134. copper-gold deposit in the Late Ordovician shoshonitic Goonumbla
  135. Volcanic Complex, New South Wales, Australia: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v.
  136. 90, p. 1506–1532.
  137. Heithersay, P.S., O’Neill, W.J., van der Helder, P., Moore, C.R., and Harbon,
  138. P.G., 1990, Goonumbla porphyry copper district—Endeavour 26 North,
  139. Endeavour 22 and Endeavour 27 copper-gold deposits, in Hughes, F.E.,
  140. ed., Geology of the mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea:
  141. Melbourne, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, p. 1385–1398.
  142. Hooper, B., Heithersay, P.S., Mills, M.B., Lindhorst, J.W., and Freyberg, J.,
  143. 1996, Shoshonite-hosted Endeavour 48 porphyry copper-gold deposit,
  144. Northparkes, central New South Wales: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,
  145. v. 43, p. 179–288.
  146. House, M.J., 1994, Gold distribution at the E26 porphyry copper-gold deposit,
  147. NSW: Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Hobart, Australia, University of
  148. Tasmania, 125 p.
  149. Howland-Rose, J.S., 1996, Fluid evolution at the Endeavour 48 porphyry Cu-
  150. Au deposit, Parkes, NSW: Unpublished B.Sc. (Honors) thesis, Newcastle,
  151. Australia, University of Newcastle, 87 p.
  152. Jones, B.M., 1991, Geological setting and genesis of the Endeavour 44 Au,
  153. Pb, Zn skarn, Parkes, NSW: Unpublished B.Sc. (Honors) thesis, Canberra,
  154. Australia, Australian National University, 72 p.
  155. Jones, G.J., 1985, The Goonumbla porphyry copper deposits, New South
  156. Wales: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 80, p. 591–613.
  157. Kirkham, R.V., and Sinclair, W.D., 1988, Comb quartz layers in felsic intrusions
  158. and their relationship to porphyry deposits: Canadian Institute of
  159. Mining and Metallurgy Special Volume 39, p. 50–71.
  160. Kolkert, R., 1998, Carbonate-base metal veins peripheral to the Goonumbla
  161. Cu-Au deposits—vectors to mineralized centers?: Unpublished B.Sc.
  162. (Honors) thesis, Hobart, Australia, University of Tasmania, 144 p.
  163. Krynen, J.P., Sherwin, L., and Clarke, I., 1990a, Geological setting of gold
  164. and copper mineralization in the Parkes area: Records of the Geological
  165. Survey of New South Wales, v. 23, pt. 1, p. 1–76.
  166. Lang, J.R., and Titley, S.R., 1998, Isotopic and geochemical characteristics of
  167. Laramide magmatic systems in Arizona and implication for the genesis of
  168. porphyry copper deposits: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 93, p. 138–170.
  169. Lickfold, V., 2002, Intrusive history and volatile evolution of the Endeavour
  170. porphyry Cu-Au deposits, Goonumbla district, NSW, Australia: Unpublished
  171. Ph.D. thesis, Hobart, Australia, University of Tasmania, 230 p.
  172. Lowell, J.D., and Guilbert, J.M., 1970, Lateral and vertical alteration-mineralization
  173. zoning in porphyry ore deposits: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 65, p.
  174. 373–408.
  175. Lowenstern, J.B., and Sinclair, W.D., 1996, Exsolved magmatic fluid and its
  176. role in the formation of comb-layered quartz at the Cretaceous Logtung WMo
  177. deposit, Yukon Territory, Canada: Transactions of the Royal Society of
  178. Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, v. 87, p. 291–303.
  179. Perkins, C., McDougall, I., and Claoué-Long, J., 1990, 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb
  180. geochronology of the Goonumbla porphyry Cu-Au deposits, New South
  181. Wales, Australia: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 85, p. 1808–1824.
  182. Roddick, J.C., 1983, High precision intercalibration of 40Ar/39Ar standards:
  183. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, p. 887–898.
  184. Roedder, E., 1984, Fluid inclusions: Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 12, 644 p.
  185. Roedder, E., and Bodnar, R.J., 1980, Geologic pressure determinations from
  186. fluid inclusion studies: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v.
  187. 8, p. 263–301
  188. Sandeman, H.J., Archibald, D.A., Grant, J., Villenueve, M.E., and Ford, F.,
  189. 1999, Characterisation of the chemical composition and 40Ar-39Ar systematics
  190. of intralaboratory standard MAC-83 biotite: Geological Survey of
  191. Canada Radiogenic Age and Isotopic Studies Report 12, p. 13–26.
  192. Scheibner, E., and Basden, H., ed., 1998. Geology of New South Wales—
  193. synthesis: Geological Survey of New South Wales Memoir Geology 13, v. 2,
  194. 666 p.
  195. Shannon, J.R., Walker, B.M., Carten, R.B., and Geraghty, E.P., 1982, Unidirectional
  196. solidification textures and their significance in determining relative
  197. ages of intrusions at the Henderson mine, Colorado: Geology, v. 10, p.
  198. 293–297.
  199. Shepherd, T., Rankin, A.H., and Alderton, D.H.M., 1985, A practical guide
  200. to fluid inclusion studies: Glasgow, Blackie, 235 p.
  201. Sillitoe, R.H., and Gappe, I.M.J., 1984, Philippine porphyry copper deposits:
  202. Geologic setting and characteristics, CCOP/TP14, RAS/81/120, UNDP
  203. Technical support for regional offshore prospecting in East Asia: United
  204. Nations Development Programme, 89 p.
  205. Simpson, C., Cas, R.A.F., and Arundell, M.C., 2000, The Goonumbla
  206. caldera, Parkes, NSW: Fact or fiction? [abs.]: Australian Geological Convention,
  207. 15th, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia, 2000, Abstracts,
  208. p. 452.
  209. Smith, S.G., Burrell, P.S., Lye, L., Jones, P.J., Kolff van Ooster-wijk L., and
  210. Sharry, M.J., 2002, Blurring the brown &amp; green—near mine exploration at
  211. Northparkes: Australian Institute of Geoscientists Bulletin 37, p. 63–67.
  212. Squires, V.E., 1992, The mineralization and alteration of the Endeavour 27
  213. porphyry copper-gold deposit, Goonumbla, New South Wales: Unpublished
  214. B.Sc. (Honors) thesis, Sydney, Australia, University of Sydney, 123 p.
  215. Wilson, J.W.J., Kesler, S.E., Cloke, P.L., and Kelly, W.C., 1980, Fluid inclusion
  216. geochemistry of the Granisle and Bell porphyry copper deposits,
  217. British Columbia: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 75, p. 45–61.
  218. Wolfe, R.C., 1994, The geology, paragenesis and alteration geochemistry of
  219. the Endeavour 48 Cu-Au porphyry, Goonumbla NSW: Unpublished B.Sc.
  220. (Honors) thesis, Hobart, Australia, University of Tasmania, 102 p.
  221. Wolfe, R.C., Cooke, D.R., Hooper, B., and Heithersay, P.S., 1996, A magmatic
  222. origin for late-stage sericite-alunite alteration at the Endeavour 48
  223. Cu-Au porphyry deposit, Goonumbla, NSW [abs.]: Geological Society of
  224. Australia, 13th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra, 1996, Abstracts,
  225. p. 480.
  226. Wyborn, D., 1992, The tectonic significance of Ordovician magmatism in the
  227. eastern Lachlan fold belt: Tectonophysics, v. 214, p. 177–192." name="eprints.referencetext" />
  228. <meta content="Lickfold, V. and Cooke, D.R. and Smith, S.G. and Ullrich, T. (2003) Endeavour copper-gold porphyry deposits, Northparkes, New South Wales: intrusive history and fluid evolution. Economic Geology, 98 (8). pp. 1607-1636. ISSN 0361-0128" name="eprints.citation" />
  229. <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2060/1/Lickfold.Cooke.etal.ECONGEOL.2003.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
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  231. <meta content="Endeavour copper-gold porphyry deposits, Northparkes, New South Wales: intrusive history and fluid evolution" name="DC.title" />
  232. <meta content="Lickfold, V." name="DC.creator" />
  233. <meta content="Cooke, D.R." name="DC.creator" />
  234. <meta content="Smith, S.G." name="DC.creator" />
  235. <meta content="Ullrich, T." name="DC.creator" />
  236. <meta content="260100 Geology" name="DC.subject" />
  237. <meta content="Four economic porphyry copper-gold deposits, Endeavour 22, 26, 27, and 48, occur within the Late Ordovician
  238. Goonumbla Volcanic Complex of central-west New South Wales, Australia. Together these deposits
  239. have a combined ore reserve of 63.6 million metric tons (Mt) at 1.1 percent copper and 0.5 g/t gold. Mineralization
  240. is centered in narrow, pipelike quartz monzonite porphyry (QMP) intrusive complexes.
  241. We have recognized at least nine intrusive phases within the Endeavour deposits. These are, in order of emplacement,
  242. as follows: a premineral equigranular monzodiorite; early-mineral, equigranular to weakly porphyritic
  243. biotite quartz monzonite (BQM) stocks and dikes; synmineral K-feldspar QMP (K-QMP) pipes and
  244. dikes; late-mineral augite-biotite–K-feldspar QMP (KA-QMP) intrusions and biotite QMP (B-QMP) dikes; and
  245. postmineral basaltic trachyandesite dikes, augite monzonite porphyry dikes, and basaltic dikes.
  246. Early-stage biotite-magnetite and propylitic alteration of the host volcanic rocks and K-feldspar alteration of
  247. the BQM occurred at each deposit during the intrusion of the BQM stocks and early-mineral B-QMP dikes.
  248. Transitional-stage unidirectional solidification textures and other related anisotropic textures formed mostly
  249. during the emplacement of K-QMP and KA-QMP intrusions. Main-stage sulfide mineralization at all four deposits
  250. is spatially and temporally associated with the K-QMP and, to a lesser extent, KA-QMP intrusions and
  251. their associated K-feldspar and sericite-hematite alteration assemblages, and is characterized by multiple generations
  252. of stockwork and sheeted quartz, K-feldspar, bornite, chalcopyrite, and gold-bearing veins. Late-stage
  253. sericite-quartz-copper-sulfide-carbonate-hematite alteration and vein assemblages formed prior to the emplacement
  254. of the postmineral intrusions. Weak to moderate postmineral propylitic alteration assemblages were
  255. the last alteration event related to the QMP intrusive complexes. Intrusive activity and associated biotite alteration
  256. occurred between 446 and 437 Ma, based on 40Ar/39Ar analyses of biotite and hornblende.
  257. Based on microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions from early-, transitional-, main-, and late-stage
  258. veins, the Endeavour deposits formed at depths between 1,000 and 1,700 m below the paleosurface, with a
  259. lithostatic pressure regime prevailing throughout the early, transitional, and main stages and near-hydrostatic
  260. pressures during the late-stage sericitic events. The first three stages were dominated by high-temperature
  261. (460°–>550°C) magmatic-hydrothermal brines with salinities of ~55 to 60 wt percent NaCl ± KCl equiv. Although
  262. the late-stage fluids were cooler (350°–400°C) and less saline (~40 wt % NaCl equiv), their compositions
  263. are consistent with the magmatic-hydrothermal origin indicated by previous oxygen and hydrogen isotope
  264. studies, confirming that the Endeavour porphyry deposits are representatives of the orthomagmatic end member
  265. of the porphyry continuum." name="DC.description" />
  266. <meta content="2003-12" name="DC.date" />
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  379.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Endeavour copper-gold porphyry deposits, Northparkes, New South Wales: intrusive history and fluid evolution</h1>
  380.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Lickfold, V.</span> and <span class="person_name">Cooke, D.R.</span> and <span class="person_name">Smith, S.G.</span> and <span class="person_name">Ullrich, T.</span> (2003) <xhtml:em>Endeavour copper-gold porphyry deposits, Northparkes, New South Wales: intrusive history and fluid evolution.</xhtml:em> Economic Geology, 98 (8). pp. 1607-1636. ISSN 0361-0128</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2060/1/Lickfold.Cooke.etal.ECONGEOL.2003.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2060/1/Lickfold.Cooke.etal.ECONGEOL.2003.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />1108Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input value="2599" name="docid" accept-charset="utf-8" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/98.8.1607">http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/98.8.1607</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Four economic porphyry copper-gold deposits, Endeavour 22, 26, 27, and 48, occur within the Late Ordovician&#13;
  381. Goonumbla Volcanic Complex of central-west New South Wales, Australia. Together these deposits&#13;
  382. have a combined ore reserve of 63.6 million metric tons (Mt) at 1.1 percent copper and 0.5 g/t gold. Mineralization&#13;
  383. is centered in narrow, pipelike quartz monzonite porphyry (QMP) intrusive complexes.&#13;
  384. We have recognized at least nine intrusive phases within the Endeavour deposits. These are, in order of emplacement,&#13;
  385. as follows: a premineral equigranular monzodiorite; early-mineral, equigranular to weakly porphyritic&#13;
  386. biotite quartz monzonite (BQM) stocks and dikes; synmineral K-feldspar QMP (K-QMP) pipes and&#13;
  387. dikes; late-mineral augite-biotite–K-feldspar QMP (KA-QMP) intrusions and biotite QMP (B-QMP) dikes; and&#13;
  388. postmineral basaltic trachyandesite dikes, augite monzonite porphyry dikes, and basaltic dikes.&#13;
  389. Early-stage biotite-magnetite and propylitic alteration of the host volcanic rocks and K-feldspar alteration of&#13;
  390. the BQM occurred at each deposit during the intrusion of the BQM stocks and early-mineral B-QMP dikes.&#13;
  391. Transitional-stage unidirectional solidification textures and other related anisotropic textures formed mostly&#13;
  392. during the emplacement of K-QMP and KA-QMP intrusions. Main-stage sulfide mineralization at all four deposits&#13;
  393. is spatially and temporally associated with the K-QMP and, to a lesser extent, KA-QMP intrusions and&#13;
  394. their associated K-feldspar and sericite-hematite alteration assemblages, and is characterized by multiple generations&#13;
  395. of stockwork and sheeted quartz, K-feldspar, bornite, chalcopyrite, and gold-bearing veins. Late-stage&#13;
  396. sericite-quartz-copper-sulfide-carbonate-hematite alteration and vein assemblages formed prior to the emplacement&#13;
  397. of the postmineral intrusions. Weak to moderate postmineral propylitic alteration assemblages were&#13;
  398. the last alteration event related to the QMP intrusive complexes. Intrusive activity and associated biotite alteration&#13;
  399. occurred between 446 and 437 Ma, based on 40Ar/39Ar analyses of biotite and hornblende.&#13;
  400. Based on microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions from early-, transitional-, main-, and late-stage&#13;
  401. veins, the Endeavour deposits formed at depths between 1,000 and 1,700 m below the paleosurface, with a&#13;
  402. lithostatic pressure regime prevailing throughout the early, transitional, and main stages and near-hydrostatic&#13;
  403. pressures during the late-stage sericitic events. The first three stages were dominated by high-temperature&#13;
  404. (460°–&gt;550°C) magmatic-hydrothermal brines with salinities of ~55 to 60 wt percent NaCl ± KCl equiv. Although&#13;
  405. the late-stage fluids were cooler (350°–400°C) and less saline (~40 wt % NaCl equiv), their compositions&#13;
  406. are consistent with the magmatic-hydrothermal origin indicated by previous oxygen and hydrogen isotope&#13;
  407. studies, confirming that the Endeavour porphyry deposits are representatives of the orthomagmatic end member&#13;
  408. of the porphyry continuum.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">porphyry, copper, gold, alkalic, monzonite, geochronology</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260100.html">260000 Earth Sciences &gt; 260100 Geology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2060</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Mrs Katrina Keep</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">10 Oct 2007 03:53</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">23 Jan 2008 15:01</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2060;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2060">item control page</a></p>
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