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<title>UTas ePrints - Geology and Volcanic Facies Architecture of the Lower Ordovician Waterloo Massive Sufide Deposit, Australia</title>
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<meta content="Monecke, T." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Gemmell, J.B." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Herzig, P.M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="tmonecke@nrcan.gc.ca" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="Geology and Volcanic Facies Architecture of the Lower Ordovician Waterloo Massive Sufide Deposit, Australia" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="The Waterloo massive sulfide deposit occurs in the Cambro-Ordovician Seventy Mile Range Group in the Charters Towers district in northern Queensland, one of the principal submarine successions in eastern Australia that contains abundant volcanic-hosted base metal deposits. The deposit consists of several small dismembered, stratiform, blanketlike, pyrite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite-galena massive sulfide lenses hosted by intensely altered volcanic rocks. The deposit and its host rocks have been deformed during regional deformation of the Middle to Late Ordovcian and were affected by two subsequent events of brittle deformation.
The Waterloo deposit formed on top of a lava-dominated andesite succession comprising coherent volcanic units and related juvenile volcaniclastic rocks. The hydrothermal activity leading to the deposition of massive sulfides commenced during the waning stages or after the cessation of the andesite volcanism. The blanketlike mineralization is interpreted to have formed largely at or very close to the sea floor in a moderately deep to deep marine environment. Formation of the massive sulfides was accompanied by the mass-flow deposition of coarse quartz-feldspar crystal-rich volcanic debris that records broadly contemporaneous, probably explosive, rhyolitic volcanism occurring outside the immediate study area. This resedimented volcaniclastic unit retains a record of hanging-wall alteration, indicating that the Waterloo hydrothermal system was operative during and after burial by the coarse volcaniclastic material. The deposition of the coarse volcaniclastic rocks was followed by the intrusion of a feldspar-porphyritic dacite cryptodome that was also subject to hydrothermal alteration associated with the massive sulfide formation. Facies relationships suggest that the cryptodome locally breached the wet and unconsolidated coarse volcaniclastic material to emerge on the sea floor. The emplacement of the partially extrusive dacite cryptodome coincided with the waning of the Waterloo hydrothermal system.
The subsequent period of relatively quiet sedimentation was occasionally interrupted by the emplacement of synsedimentary basalt and andesite sills as volcanism at Waterloo shifted back to more mafic compositions.
This period was followed by the mass-flow deposition of coarse feldspar-quartz-vitric volcanic debris and the
onset of another period of intense basalt- to andesite-dominated volcanism.
Geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks from the host-rock succession of the Waterloo deposit and correlation with regional data suggest that the massive sulfide deposits in the Charters Towers district formed during a specific period of Cambro-Ordovician back-arc basin development dominated by mantle-derived volcanism.
Comparison with the volcanic architecture of other known massive sulfide deposits in the district indicates that
massive sulfide mineralization at Charters Towers is mainly associated with silicic shallow, intrusion-dominated
volcanic centers and occurrences of this volcanic facies should be considered prospective for other deposits in
the belt." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2006-01" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="Economic Geology" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="101" name="eprints.volume" />
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<meta content="179-197" name="eprints.pagerange" />
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<meta content="Allen, R.L., 1992, Reconstruction of the tectonic, volcanic, and sedimentary setting of strongly deformed Zn-Cu massive sulfide deposits at Benambra, Victoria: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 87, p. 825-854.
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Cas, R.A.F., 1983, Submarine crystal tuffs: Their origin using a Lower Devonian example from southeastern Australia: Geological Magazine, v. 120, p. 471-486.
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Doyle, M.G., and Huston, D.L., 1999, The subsea-floor replacement origin of the Ordovician Highway-Reward volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposit, Mount Windsor subprovince, Australia: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 94,
p. 825-844.
Doyle, M.G., and McPhie, J., 2000, Facies architecture of a silicic intrusiondominated volcanic centre at Highway-Reward, Queensland, Australia: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 99, p. 79-96.
--2001, Shallow-water microbialite-volcaniclastic facies association in the Cambro-Ordovician Mt. Windsor subprovince, Australia: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 48, p. 815-831.
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Gamble, J.A., and Wright, I.C., 1995, The southern Havre trough: Geological structure and magma petrogenesis of an active backarc rift complex, in Taylor, B., ed., Backarc basins: Tectonics and magmatism: New York, Plenum Press, p. 29-62.
Giorgetti, G., Monecke, T., Kleeberg, R., and Herzig, P.M., 2003, Intermediate sodium-potassium mica in hydrothermally altered rocks of the Waterloo deposit, Australia: A combined SEM-EMP-XRD-TEM study: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 146, p. 159-173.
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--1986, Geology of the Mt. Windsor subprovince-a lower Palaeozoic volcano-sedimentary terrane in the northern Tasman orogenic zone: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, p. 343-364.
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--1998, Waterloo: Drill core examination, in Beams, S.D., ed., Economic geology of northeast Queensland: The 1998 perspective: Townsville, Geological Society of Australia, p. 229.
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Monecke, T., Kohler, S., Kleeberg, R., Herzig, P.M., and Gemmell, J.B., 2001, Quantitative phase-analysis by the Rietveld method using X-ray powder-diffraction data: Application to the study of alteration halos associated
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Chemical Geology, v. 20, p. 325-343." name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Monecke, T. and Gemmell, J.B. and Herzig, P.M. (2006) Geology and Volcanic Facies Architecture of the Lower Ordovician Waterloo Massive Sufide Deposit, Australia. Economic Geology, 101 (1). pp. 179-197. ISSN 0361-0128" name="eprints.citation" />
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<meta content="The Waterloo massive sulfide deposit occurs in the Cambro-Ordovician Seventy Mile Range Group in the Charters Towers district in northern Queensland, one of the principal submarine successions in eastern Australia that contains abundant volcanic-hosted base metal deposits. The deposit consists of several small dismembered, stratiform, blanketlike, pyrite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite-galena massive sulfide lenses hosted by intensely altered volcanic rocks. The deposit and its host rocks have been deformed during regional deformation of the Middle to Late Ordovcian and were affected by two subsequent events of brittle deformation.
The Waterloo deposit formed on top of a lava-dominated andesite succession comprising coherent volcanic units and related juvenile volcaniclastic rocks. The hydrothermal activity leading to the deposition of massive sulfides commenced during the waning stages or after the cessation of the andesite volcanism. The blanketlike mineralization is interpreted to have formed largely at or very close to the sea floor in a moderately deep to deep marine environment. Formation of the massive sulfides was accompanied by the mass-flow deposition of coarse quartz-feldspar crystal-rich volcanic debris that records broadly contemporaneous, probably explosive, rhyolitic volcanism occurring outside the immediate study area. This resedimented volcaniclastic unit retains a record of hanging-wall alteration, indicating that the Waterloo hydrothermal system was operative during and after burial by the coarse volcaniclastic material. The deposition of the coarse volcaniclastic rocks was followed by the intrusion of a feldspar-porphyritic dacite cryptodome that was also subject to hydrothermal alteration associated with the massive sulfide formation. Facies relationships suggest that the cryptodome locally breached the wet and unconsolidated coarse volcaniclastic material to emerge on the sea floor. The emplacement of the partially extrusive dacite cryptodome coincided with the waning of the Waterloo hydrothermal system.
The subsequent period of relatively quiet sedimentation was occasionally interrupted by the emplacement of synsedimentary basalt and andesite sills as volcanism at Waterloo shifted back to more mafic compositions.
This period was followed by the mass-flow deposition of coarse feldspar-quartz-vitric volcanic debris and the
onset of another period of intense basalt- to andesite-dominated volcanism.
Geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks from the host-rock succession of the Waterloo deposit and correlation with regional data suggest that the massive sulfide deposits in the Charters Towers district formed during a specific period of Cambro-Ordovician back-arc basin development dominated by mantle-derived volcanism.
Comparison with the volcanic architecture of other known massive sulfide deposits in the district indicates that
massive sulfide mineralization at Charters Towers is mainly associated with silicic shallow, intrusion-dominated
volcanic centers and occurrences of this volcanic facies should be considered prospective for other deposits in
the belt." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Geology and Volcanic Facies Architecture of the Lower Ordovician Waterloo Massive Sufide Deposit, Australia</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Monecke, T.</span> and <span class="person_name">Gemmell, J.B.</span> and <span class="person_name">Herzig, P.M.</span> (2006) <xhtml:em>Geology and Volcanic Facies Architecture of the Lower Ordovician Waterloo Massive Sufide Deposit, Australia.</xhtml:em> Economic Geology, 101 (1). pp. 179-197. ISSN 0361-0128</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1182/1/Monecke_et_al%2C_2006.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1182/1/Monecke_et_al%2C_2006.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />1439Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="1526" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/101.1.179">http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/101.1.179</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The Waterloo massive sulfide deposit occurs in the Cambro-Ordovician Seventy Mile Range Group in the Charters Towers district in northern Queensland, one of the principal submarine successions in eastern Australia that contains abundant volcanic-hosted base metal deposits. The deposit consists of several small dismembered, stratiform, blanketlike, pyrite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite-galena massive sulfide lenses hosted by intensely altered volcanic rocks. The deposit and its host rocks have been deformed during regional deformation of the Middle to Late Ordovcian and were affected by two subsequent events of brittle deformation.
The Waterloo deposit formed on top of a lava-dominated andesite succession comprising coherent volcanic units and related juvenile volcaniclastic rocks. The hydrothermal activity leading to the deposition of massive sulfides commenced during the waning stages or after the cessation of the andesite volcanism. The blanketlike mineralization is interpreted to have formed largely at or very close to the sea floor in a moderately deep to deep marine environment. Formation of the massive sulfides was accompanied by the mass-flow deposition of coarse quartz-feldspar crystal-rich volcanic debris that records broadly contemporaneous, probably explosive, rhyolitic volcanism occurring outside the immediate study area. This resedimented volcaniclastic unit retains a record of hanging-wall alteration, indicating that the Waterloo hydrothermal system was operative during and after burial by the coarse volcaniclastic material. The deposition of the coarse volcaniclastic rocks was followed by the intrusion of a feldspar-porphyritic dacite cryptodome that was also subject to hydrothermal alteration associated with the massive sulfide formation. Facies relationships suggest that the cryptodome locally breached the wet and unconsolidated coarse volcaniclastic material to emerge on the sea floor. The emplacement of the partially extrusive dacite cryptodome coincided with the waning of the Waterloo hydrothermal system.
The subsequent period of relatively quiet sedimentation was occasionally interrupted by the emplacement of synsedimentary basalt and andesite sills as volcanism at Waterloo shifted back to more mafic compositions.
This period was followed by the mass-flow deposition of coarse feldspar-quartz-vitric volcanic debris and the
onset of another period of intense basalt- to andesite-dominated volcanism.
Geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks from the host-rock succession of the Waterloo deposit and correlation with regional data suggest that the massive sulfide deposits in the Charters Towers district formed during a specific period of Cambro-Ordovician back-arc basin development dominated by mantle-derived volcanism.
Comparison with the volcanic architecture of other known massive sulfide deposits in the district indicates that
massive sulfide mineralization at Charters Towers is mainly associated with silicic shallow, intrusion-dominated
volcanic centers and occurrences of this volcanic facies should be considered prospective for other deposits in
the belt.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Definitive version available at http://econgeol.geoscienceworld.org/</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">VHMS, volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits, alteration, geochemistry, ore deposit genesis</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260300.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260300 Geochemistry</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260100.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260100 Geology</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260000.html">260000 Earth Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1182</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Mrs Katrina Keep</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">21 Jun 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1182;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=1182">item control page</a></p>
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