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    <title>UTas ePrints - Nutrient inputs from seabirds and humans on a populated coral cay</title>
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    <meta content="Staunton Smith, Jonathan" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Johnson, Craig R." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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<meta content="Craig.Johnson@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="Nutrient inputs from seabirds and humans on a populated coral cay" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="Seabirds Guano; Sewage Inorganic nutrients; Eutrophication; Coral reefs
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<meta content="Inputs of inorganic nutnents in 1992 from seabirds (white-capped noddy and wedgetail
shearwater, maximum of ca 80 000 breeding pairs) are compared to inputs from humans (97 700 person
days) on Heron Island at the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We estimated that nod-
dies deposited ca 107 t and shearwaters ca 22 t, of fresh guano The composition of fresh noddy guano
was 7.3 % nitrogen 1.5 % phosphorus. 60 % moisture and 31.2 % other substances. Assuming a similar
composition for shearwaters the total annual deposition of guano contained 9.4 t nitrogen and 1.9 t
phosphorus. Experiments examining effects of ageing of guano indicated a large decrease in total
nitrogen in guano under humid conditions over 4 d as a result of volatilisation of NH3. Under natural
conditions most of the deposited nitrogen is likely to be lost as NH, and a relatively small fraction ot the
soluble component leached into the cay, but the precise dynamics will depend on ramfall and wind patterns. Phosphorus was not volatilised from guano under any expenmental conditions. Although inputs
of nitrogen and phosphorus from human sewage into the cay system (ca 0.3 t of each) were much less
than that from birds, all nutrients from humans are released in liquid form and percolate directly into
the cay. Significant seasonal and tidal variations in standing concentratlons of NH3 oxidised forms of
nitrogen (NO2,+NO3), and PO4, were detected in the water column around the island. Trends of higher
mean concentrations of all nutrients in summer than in winter, and higher concentrations at low tide
than at high tide except at sites close to the Island where nutrient levels were high independent of tide
suggest that nutrients may be transported from guano on Heron Island into the water immediately
surrounding the island The exact fate and mechanisms of transport of all nutnents require further
attention." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="1995-08" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Marine Ecology Progress Series" name="eprints.publication" />
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<meta content="0171-8630" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v124/p189-200/" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Allaway WG, Ashford AE (1984) Nutrient input by seabirds to
the forest on a coral island of the Great Barrier Reef. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 19:297-298
Anon (1992a) Heron Island plant performance, February
1992. Report to P&amp;O Resorts. Simmonds and Bristow Pty
Ltd, Brisbane
Anon (1992b) Heron Island plant performance, March 1992.
Report to P&amp;O Resorts Simmonds and Bristow Pty Ltd,
Brisbane
Barnes A, Hill GJE (1989) Census and distribution of black
noddy Anous mlnutus nests on Heron Island, November
1985. Emu 89:129-134
Bedard J , Therriault JC, Berube J (1980) Assessment of
importance of nutrient recycling by seabirds in the
Lawrence Estuary. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37:583-588
Bell PRF (1992) Eutrophication and coral reefs -some exam-
ples in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. Wat Res 26553-568
Bosman AL, Du Toit JT, Hockey PAR, Branch GM (1985)
field experiment demonstrating the influence of seabird
guano on intertidal primary production. Estuar coast Shelf
Sci 23:283-294
Bosman AL, Hockey PAR (1986) Seabird guano as a determi-
nant of rocky intertidal community structure. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 32:247-257
Bureau of Meteorology (1991/1992) Australian data archives
for meteorology. Bureau of Meteorology, Brisbane
Canter LW, Knox RC (1985) Septic system effects on ground-
water quality. Lewis Publishers, Inc, Michigan
Copeman PR, Dillman FJ (1937) Changes in the composition
of guano during storage. J Agric Sci 27:178-187
Day RW, Quinn GP (1989) Comparison of treatments after
analysis of varlance in ecology Ecol Monogr 59:433-463
D'Elia CF, Wiebe WJ (1990) Biogeochemical nutrient cycles
coral-reef ecosystems. In: Dubinsky Z (ed) Ecosystems
the world 25: coral reefs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 49-74
Furnas MJ (1988) Water column nutrient processes in Great
Barrier Reef waters. In: Baldwin CL (ed) Workshop
nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef region. Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, p 45-54
Furnas MJ (1990) The behavior of nutrients in tropical aquatic
ecosystems. In: Connell DW, Hawker DW (eds) Pollution
in tropical aquatic systems. CRC Press, London, p 30-65
Hill GJE, Barnes A (1989) Census and distribution of wedge-
tailed shearwater Puffinus paciflcus burrows on Heron
Island, November 1985. Emu 89:135-139
Hutchinson GE (1950) Survey of contemporary knowledge
biogeochemistry. 3. The biogeochemistry of vertebrate
excretion. Bull Am Mus Nat HHist 96:l-554
Kelleher G (1988) Opening address. In: Baldwin CL (ed)
Workshop on nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef region.
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville,
1-10
Kikkawa J (1970) Birds recorded at Heron Island. Sunbird
34-47
Kinsey DW (1988) Responses of coral reef systems to elevated
nutrient levels. In: Baldwin CL (ed) Workshop on nutrients
in the Great Barrier Reef Region. Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park Authority, Townsville, p 55-65
Kinsey DW, Davies PJ (1979) Effects of elevated nitrogen and
phosphorus on coral reef growth. J Am Soc Limnol
Oceanogr 24:935-940
Krol A. Noordink M. Jell J , Chen D (1992) The Heron Island
groundwater project. Proc 1992 Nat Conf Environ Engin,
Gold Coast, Institute of Australian Engineers, Canberra
Larkurn AWD, Kennedy IR. Muller WJ (1988) Nitrogen fixa-
tion on a coral reef Mar Biol 98:143-155
Lindeboom HJ (1984) The nitrogen pathway in a penguin
rookery. J Eco165:269-277
Ogden J (1979) Estimates of the population sizes of the black
noddy and wedge-tailed shearwater at Heron Island
1978. Sunbird 10:33-39
Ottesen P (1988) Managing for the effects of increased ac-
tivities in the Great Barner Reef Marine Park. Great Bar-
rier Reef Marine Park Authority Staff Paper 8813,
Townsville
Peters RH (1983) The ecological implications of body size
Cambridge University Press, New York
Prove B (1988) Soil erosion research in cane fields on the wet
tropical coast of north-east Queensland. In: Baldwin CL
(ed) Workshop on nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef
region. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority,
Townsville, p 30-32
Rasmussen C (1988) Effects of nutrients carried by mainland
run-off on reefs on the Cairns Area: a research plan and
preliminary results. In: Baldwin CL (ed) Workshop on
nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef region. Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, p 66-91
Riley JP, Chester R (1971) Introduction to marine chemistry.
Academic Press, Liverpool, p 152- 179
Rump HH, Krist H (1988) Laboratory manual for the exam-
intation of water, waste water and soil. VCH Publishers.
New York
Science and Engineering Research Council (1992) The star
almanac for land surveyors for the year 1992. Her
Majesty's Statistical Office, London
Serventy DL, Serventy VN, Warnham J (1971) Handbook
Australian sea-birds. Reed, Sydney
Smith SV, Kimmerer WJ, Laws EA, Brock RE. Walsh TW
(1981) Kaneh oe Bay sewage diversion experiment: per-
spectives on ecosystem responses to nutritional perturba-
tion. Pacif Sci 35:279-285
Valiela I (1984) Marine ecological processes. Springer, Berlin,
p 312-335
Wilkinson CR (1993) Coral reefs of the world are facing wide-
spread devastation: can we prevent this through sustain-
able management practices? Proc 7th int Coral Reef Symp
1:ll-21" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Staunton Smith, Jonathan and Johnson, Craig R. (1995) Nutrient inputs from seabirds and humans on a populated coral cay. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 124 . pp. 189-200. ISSN 0171-8630" name="eprints.citation" />
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<meta content="Inputs of inorganic nutnents in 1992 from seabirds (white-capped noddy and wedgetail
shearwater, maximum of ca 80 000 breeding pairs) are compared to inputs from humans (97 700 person
days) on Heron Island at the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We estimated that nod-
dies deposited ca 107 t and shearwaters ca 22 t, of fresh guano The composition of fresh noddy guano
was 7.3 % nitrogen 1.5 % phosphorus. 60 % moisture and 31.2 % other substances. Assuming a similar
composition for shearwaters the total annual deposition of guano contained 9.4 t nitrogen and 1.9 t
phosphorus. Experiments examining effects of ageing of guano indicated a large decrease in total
nitrogen in guano under humid conditions over 4 d as a result of volatilisation of NH3. Under natural
conditions most of the deposited nitrogen is likely to be lost as NH, and a relatively small fraction ot the
soluble component leached into the cay, but the precise dynamics will depend on ramfall and wind patterns. Phosphorus was not volatilised from guano under any expenmental conditions. Although inputs
of nitrogen and phosphorus from human sewage into the cay system (ca 0.3 t of each) were much less
than that from birds, all nutrients from humans are released in liquid form and percolate directly into
the cay. Significant seasonal and tidal variations in standing concentratlons of NH3 oxidised forms of
nitrogen (NO2,+NO3), and PO4, were detected in the water column around the island. Trends of higher
mean concentrations of all nutrients in summer than in winter, and higher concentrations at low tide
than at high tide except at sites close to the Island where nutrient levels were high independent of tide
suggest that nutrients may be transported from guano on Heron Island into the water immediately
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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Nutrient inputs from seabirds and humans on a populated coral cay</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Staunton Smith, Jonathan</span> and <span class="person_name">Johnson, Craig R.</span> (1995) <xhtml:em>Nutrient inputs from seabirds and humans on a populated coral cay.</xhtml:em> Marine Ecology Progress Series, 124 . pp. 189-200. ISSN 0171-8630</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_1554' );" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_1554' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1210/1/stauntonsmith.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_1554"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1210/thumbnails/1/preview.png" border="0" class="ep_preview_image" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1210/1/stauntonsmith.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />975Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v124/p189-200/">http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v124/p189-200/</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Inputs of inorganic nutnents in 1992 from seabirds (white-capped noddy and wedgetail&#13;
shearwater, maximum of ca 80 000 breeding pairs) are compared to inputs from humans (97 700 person&#13;
days) on Heron Island at the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We estimated that nod-&#13;
dies deposited ca 107 t and shearwaters ca 22 t, of fresh guano The composition of fresh noddy guano&#13;
was 7.3 % nitrogen 1.5 % phosphorus. 60 % moisture and 31.2 % other substances. Assuming a similar&#13;
composition for shearwaters the total annual deposition of guano contained 9.4 t nitrogen and 1.9 t&#13;
phosphorus. Experiments examining effects of ageing of guano indicated a large decrease in total&#13;
nitrogen in guano under humid conditions over 4 d as a result of volatilisation of NH3. Under natural&#13;
conditions most of the deposited nitrogen is likely to be lost as NH, and a relatively small fraction ot the&#13;
soluble component leached into the cay, but the precise dynamics will depend on ramfall and wind patterns. Phosphorus was not volatilised from guano under any expenmental conditions. Although inputs&#13;
of nitrogen and phosphorus from human sewage into the cay system (ca 0.3 t of each) were much less&#13;
than that from birds, all nutrients from humans are released in liquid form and percolate directly into&#13;
the cay. Significant seasonal and tidal variations in standing concentratlons of NH3 oxidised forms of&#13;
nitrogen (NO2,+NO3), and PO4, were detected in the water column around the island. Trends of higher&#13;
mean concentrations of all nutrients in summer than in winter, and higher concentrations at low tide&#13;
than at high tide except at sites close to the Island where nutrient levels were high independent of tide&#13;
suggest that nutrients may be transported from guano on Heron Island into the water immediately&#13;
surrounding the island The exact fate and mechanisms of transport of all nutnents require further&#13;
attention.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Seabirds Guano; Sewage Inorganic nutrients; Eutrophication; Coral reefs&#13;
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270702.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270700 Ecology and Evolution &gt; 270702 Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1210</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Professor Craig R. Johnson</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">24 Jun 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">04 Feb 2008 17:08</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1210;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=1210">item control page</a></p>
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