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    <title>UTas ePrints - Effects of chili consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and energy metabolism</title>
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    <meta content="Ahuja, K.D." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Robertson, I.K." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Geraghty, D.P." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Ball, M.J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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<meta content="Effects of chili consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and energy metabolism" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="Insulin resistance, chili, obesity, energy expenditure, postprandial effects" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="Background: Animal and some human studies have indicated that the consumption of chili-containing meals increases energy expenditure and fat oxidation, which may help to reduce obesity and related disorders. Because habitual diets affect the activity and responsiveness of receptors involved in regulating and transporting nutrients, the effects of regular consumption of chili on metabolic responses to meals require investigation. 

Objective: The objective was to investigate the metabolic effects of a chili-containing meal after the consumption of a bland diet and a chili-blend (30 g/d; 55% cayenne chili) supplemented diet. 

Design: Thirty-six subjects with a mean (+/-SD) age of 46 +/- 12 y and a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 26.3 +/- 4.6 participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study with 2 dietary periods (chili and bland) of 4 wk each. The postprandial effects of a bland meal after a bland diet (BAB), a chili meal after a bland diet (CAB), and a chili meal after a chili-containing diet (CAC) were evaluated. Serum insulin, C-peptide, and glucose concentrations and energy expenditure (EE) were measured at fasting and up to 120 min postprandially. 

Results: Significant heterogeneity was observed between the meals for the maximum increase in insulin and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin (P = 0.0002); the highest concentrations were with the BAB meal and the lowest with the CAC meal. When separated at the median BMI (26.3), the subjects with a BMI > or = 26.3 also showed heterogeneity in C-peptide, iAUC C-peptide, and net AUC EE (P < 0.02 for all); the highest values occurred after the BAB meal and the lowest after the CAC meal. Conversely, the C-peptide/insulin quotient (an indicator of hepatic insulin clearance) was highest after the CAC meal (P = 0.002). 

Conclusion: Regular consumption of chili may attenuate postprandial hyperinsulinemia. 

" name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2006-07" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="American Journal of Clinical Nutrition" name="eprints.publication" />
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<meta content="Bordia A, Verma SK, Srivastava KC. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) on blood lipids, blood sugar and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1997;56:379-84.[Medline]
Mohanty I, Singh Arya D, Dinda A, Joshi S, Talwar KK, Gupta SK. Protective effects of Curcuma longa on ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injuries and their mechanisms. Life Sci 2004;75:1701-11.[Medline]
Babu PS, Srinivasan K. Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 1997;166:169-75.[Medline]
Materska M, Perucka I. Antioxidant activity of the main phenolic compounds isolated from hot pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L). J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:1750-6.[Medline]
Naidu KA, Thippeswamy NB. Inhibition of human low density lipoprotein oxidation by active principles from spices. Mol Cell Biochem 2002;229:19-23.[Medline]
Shobana S, Naidu KA. Antioxidant activity of selected Indian spices. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000;62:107-10.[Medline]
Salleh MN, Runnie I, Roach PD, Mohamed S, Abeywardena MY. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor in HepG2 cells by tropical plant extracts. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:3693-7.[Medline]
Kawada T, Hagihara K, Iwai K. Effects of capsaicin on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. J Nutr 1986;116:1272-8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Srinivasan MR, Chandrasekhara N. Comparative influence of vanillin &amp; capsaicin on liver &amp; blood lipids in the rat. Indian J Med Res 1992;96:133-5.[Medline]
Kawada T, Watanabe T, Takaishi T, Tanaka T, Iwai K. Capsaicin-induced beta-adrenergic action on energy metabolism in rats: influence of capsaicin on oxygen consumption, the respiratory quotient, and substrate utilization. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1986;183:250-6.[Abstract]
Watanabe T, Kawada T, Yamamoto M, Iwai K. Capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, evokes catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla of anesthetized rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987;142:259-64.[Medline]
Yoshioka M, Imanaga M, Ueyama H, et al. Maximum tolerable dose of red pepper decreases fat intake independently of spicy sensation in the mouth. Br J Nutr 2004;91:991-5.[Medline]
Yoshioka M, Doucet E, Drapeau V, Dionne I, Tremblay A. Combined effects of red pepper and caffeine consumption on 24 h energy balance in subjects given free access to foods. Br J Nutr 2001;85:203-11.[Medline]
Yoshioka M, St-Pierre S, Drapeau V, et al. Effects of red pepper on appetite and energy intake. Br J Nutr 1999;82:115-23.[Medline]
Henry CJ, Emery B. Effect of spiced food on metabolic rate. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1986;40:165-8.[Medline]
Yoshioka M, St-Pierre S, Suzuki M, Tremblay A. Effects of red pepper added to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals on energy metabolism and substrate utilization in Japanese women. Br J Nutr 1998;80:503-10.[Medline]
Lim K, Yoshioka M, Kikuzato S, et al. Dietary red pepper ingestion increases carbohydrate oxidation at rest and during exercise in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29:355-61.[Medline]
Yoshioka M, Lim K, Kikuzato S, et al. Effects of red-pepper diet on the energy metabolism in men. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995;41:647-56.[Medline]
Matsumoto T, Miyawaki C, Ue H, Yuasa T, Miyatsuji A, Moritani T. Effects of capsaicin-containing yellow curry sauce on sympathetic nervous system activity and diet-induced thermogenesis in lean and obese young women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2000;46:309-15.[Medline]
Aickin M, Gensler H. Adjusting for multiple testing when reporting research results: the Bonferroni vs Holm methods. Am J Public Health 1996;86:726-8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Cardiovascular risk factors clustering with endogenous hyperinsulinaemia predict death from coronary heart disease in patients with type II diabetes. Diabetologia 2000;43:148-55.[Medline]
Nilsson P, Nilsson JA, Hedblad B, Eriksson KF, Berglund G. Hyperinsulinaemia as long-term predictor of death and ischaemic heart disease in nondiabetic men: The Malmo Preventive Project. J Intern Med 2003;253:136-45.[Medline]
Hanefeld M, Temelkova-Kurktschiev T. The postprandial state and the risk of atherosclerosis. Diabet Med 1997;14(suppl):S6-11.
Abbasi F, Brown BW Jr, Lamendola C, McLaughlin T, Reaven GM. Relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:937-43.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Ferrannini E, Natali A, Bell P, Cavallo-Perin P, Lalic N, Mingrone G. Insulin resistance and hypersecretion in obesity. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). J Clin Invest 1997;100:1166-73.
Polonsky KS, Given BD, Hirsch L, et al. Quantitative study of insulin secretion and clearance in normal and obese subjects. J Clin Invest 1988;81:435-41.[Medline]
Valera Mora ME, Scarfone A, Calvani M, Greco AV, Mingrone G. Insulin clearance in obesity. J Am Coll Nutr 2003;22:487-93.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Bonora E, Zavaroni I, Coscelli C, Butturini U. Decreased hepatic insulin extraction in subjects with mild glucose intolerance. Metabolism 1983;32:438-46.[Medline]
Landsberg L. Insulin-mediated sympathetic stimulation: role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension (or, how insulin affects blood pressure, and why). J Hypertens 2001;19:523-8.[Medline]
Reaven GM, Lithell H, Landsberg L. Hypertension and associated metabolic abnormalities—the role of insulin resistance and the sympathoadrenal system. N Engl J Med 1996;334:374-81.[Free Full Text]
Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Factors affecting interpretation of postprandial glucose and insulin areas. Diabetes Care 1987;10:759-63.[Abstract]
Peracchi M, Santangelo A, Conte D, et al. The physical state of a meal affects hormone release and postprandial thermogenesis. Br J Nutr 2000;83:623-8.[Medline]
Horowitz M, Edelbroek MA, Wishart JM, Straathof JW. Relationship between oral glucose tolerance and gastric emptying in normal healthy subjects. Diabetologia 1993;36:857-62.[Medline]
Mourot J, Thouvenot P, Couet C, Antoine JM, Krobicka A, Debry G. Relationship between the rate of gastric emptying and glucose and insulin responses to starchy foods in young healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:1035-40.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Horowitz M, Wishart J, Maddox A, Russo A. The effect of chilli on gastrointestinal transit. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1992;7:52-6.[Medline]
Gonzalez R, Dunkel R, Koletzko B, Schusdziarra V, Allescher HD. Effect of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce suspension on upper gastrointestinal motility in healthy volunteers. Dig Dis Sci 1998;43:1165-71.[Medline]
Wolever TM. Effect of blood sampling schedule and method of calculating the area under the curve on validity and precision of glycaemic index values. Br J Nutr 2004;91:295-301.[Medline]
Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effect of capsaicin on substrate oxidation and weight maintenance after modest body-weight loss in human subjects. Br J Nutr 2003;90:651-9.[Medline]" name="eprints.referencetext" />
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<meta content="Background: Animal and some human studies have indicated that the consumption of chili-containing meals increases energy expenditure and fat oxidation, which may help to reduce obesity and related disorders. Because habitual diets affect the activity and responsiveness of receptors involved in regulating and transporting nutrients, the effects of regular consumption of chili on metabolic responses to meals require investigation. 

Objective: The objective was to investigate the metabolic effects of a chili-containing meal after the consumption of a bland diet and a chili-blend (30 g/d; 55% cayenne chili) supplemented diet. 

Design: Thirty-six subjects with a mean (+/-SD) age of 46 +/- 12 y and a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 26.3 +/- 4.6 participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study with 2 dietary periods (chili and bland) of 4 wk each. The postprandial effects of a bland meal after a bland diet (BAB), a chili meal after a bland diet (CAB), and a chili meal after a chili-containing diet (CAC) were evaluated. Serum insulin, C-peptide, and glucose concentrations and energy expenditure (EE) were measured at fasting and up to 120 min postprandially. 

Results: Significant heterogeneity was observed between the meals for the maximum increase in insulin and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin (P = 0.0002); the highest concentrations were with the BAB meal and the lowest with the CAC meal. When separated at the median BMI (26.3), the subjects with a BMI > or = 26.3 also showed heterogeneity in C-peptide, iAUC C-peptide, and net AUC EE (P < 0.02 for all); the highest values occurred after the BAB meal and the lowest after the CAC meal. Conversely, the C-peptide/insulin quotient (an indicator of hepatic insulin clearance) was highest after the CAC meal (P = 0.002). 

Conclusion: Regular consumption of chili may attenuate postprandial hyperinsulinemia. 

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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Effects of chili consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and energy metabolism</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Ahuja, K.D.</span> and <span class="person_name">Robertson, I.K.</span> and <span class="person_name">Geraghty, D.P.</span> and <span class="person_name">Ball, M.J.</span> (2006) <xhtml:em>Effects of chili consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and energy metabolism.</xhtml:em> American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84 (1). pp. 63-69. ISSN 0002-9165</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1379/1/AJCN.PDF"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1379/1/AJCN.PDF"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />744Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/84/1/63">http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/84/1/63</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Background: Animal and some human studies have indicated that the consumption of chili-containing meals increases energy expenditure and fat oxidation, which may help to reduce obesity and related disorders. Because habitual diets affect the activity and responsiveness of receptors involved in regulating and transporting nutrients, the effects of regular consumption of chili on metabolic responses to meals require investigation. 

Objective: The objective was to investigate the metabolic effects of a chili-containing meal after the consumption of a bland diet and a chili-blend (30 g/d; 55% cayenne chili) supplemented diet. 

Design: Thirty-six subjects with a mean (+/-SD) age of 46 +/- 12 y and a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 26.3 +/- 4.6 participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study with 2 dietary periods (chili and bland) of 4 wk each. The postprandial effects of a bland meal after a bland diet (BAB), a chili meal after a bland diet (CAB), and a chili meal after a chili-containing diet (CAC) were evaluated. Serum insulin, C-peptide, and glucose concentrations and energy expenditure (EE) were measured at fasting and up to 120 min postprandially. 

Results: Significant heterogeneity was observed between the meals for the maximum increase in insulin and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin (P = 0.0002); the highest concentrations were with the BAB meal and the lowest with the CAC meal. When separated at the median BMI (26.3), the subjects with a BMI &gt; or = 26.3 also showed heterogeneity in C-peptide, iAUC C-peptide, and net AUC EE (P &lt; 0.02 for all); the highest values occurred after the BAB meal and the lowest after the CAC meal. Conversely, the C-peptide/insulin quotient (an indicator of hepatic insulin clearance) was highest after the CAC meal (P = 0.002). 

Conclusion: Regular consumption of chili may attenuate postprandial hyperinsulinemia. 

</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Insulin resistance, chili, obesity, energy expenditure, postprandial effects</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/321200.html">320000 Medical and Health Sciences &gt; 321200 Public Health and Health Services</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/320000.html">320000 Medical and Health Sciences</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/321205.html">320000 Medical and Health Sciences &gt; 321200 Public Health and Health Services &gt; 321205 Nutrition and Dietetics</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1379</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Kiran Deep Kaur Ahuja</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">12 Jul 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1379;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=1379">item control page</a></p>
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