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<meta content="Some predators, such as spiny lobster phyllosoma larvae, tear Artemia to pieces before ingestion. This results in the loss of gut content, which may partly negate the benefits of enrichment with essential fatty acids (EFA). Therefore, the influence of gut content on the lipid composition of juvenile Artemia (5 day old) was examined by starvation alone or starvation with forced gut evacuation using 20-30 um plastic beads. Artemia gut content at 3 h and 6 h after the completion of feeding did not contribute significantly to the total lipid or fatty acid profiles of the Artemia. Artemia subjected to starvation alone (without beads) failed to evacuate their gut over the 6 h starvation period suggesting they require the intake of suitable sized particulate matter to undertake gut evacuation. To assess the uptake of EFA in nauplii (day 2) and juveniles, an enrichment diet containing high levels of arachidonic [AA, 20:4(n-6)] and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] was compared to a basal oat-based diet and a commercial oil emulsion high in docosahexaenoic acid [DHA (22:6(n-3)]. Both AA and EPA were increased in juvenile Artemia within a 24 h enrichment period at a rate proportional to their inclusion in the enrichment, while DHA was incorporated to a lesser degree. For all three EFA, the percentage loss during 6h starvation was small, but was greater for DHA than EPA or AA. Juvenile Artemia, a life stage seldom used in feeding regimes, have the ability to assume the AA and EPA profile of their dietary source. The ability to produce a larger food source with a non-traditional fatty acid profile may be valuable for a number of larval crustacean and fish species. " name="eprints.abstract" />
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<meta content="Bakes, M.J., Elliott, N.G., Green, G.J., Nichols, P.D., 1995. Variation in lipid-composition of some deep-sea fish (Teleostei, Oreosomatidae and Trachichthyidae). Comp. Biochem. and Physiol. B-Biochem. & Molec. Biol. 111, 633-642.
Bligh, E.G., Dyer, W.F., 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37, 911-917.
Dobbeleir, J., Adam, N., Bossuyt, E., Bruggeman, E., Sorgeloos, P., 1980. New aspects of the use of inert diets for high density culturing of brine shrimp. In: Persoone, G., Sorgeloos, P., Roels, O., Jaspers, E. (Eds.), The brine shrimp Artemia Volume 3. Ecology, Culturing, use in Aquaculture. Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp.165-174.
D'Souza, F.M.L., 1998. The nutritional value of microalgae to penaeid prawn larvae. PhD thesis, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
D'Souza, F.M.L., Loneragan, N.R., 1999. Effects of monospecific and mixed-algae diets on survival, development and fatty acid composition of penaeid prawn (Penaeus spp.) larvae. Mar. Biol. 133, 621-633.
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Estevez,-A.; McEvoy,-L.A.; Bell,-J.G.; Sargent,-J.R., 1998. Effects of temperature and starvation time on the pattern and rate of loss of essential fatty acids in Artemia nauplii previously enriched using arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-rich emulsions. Aquaculture 165, 295-311.
Evjemo, J.O., Coutteau, P., Olsen, Y., Sorgeloos, P., 1997. The stability of docosahexaenoic acid in two Artemia species following enrichment and subsequent starvation. Aquaculture 155, 135-148.
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comparative tool in assessing maturation diets of Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 89, 287-299.
McEvoy, L.A., Sargent, J.R., 1998. Problems and techniques in live prey enrichment. Proceed. of the Live Feeds Session, Aquaculture Canada 98, 12-16.
Narciso, L., Pousao-Ferreira, P., Passos, A., Luis, O., 1999. HUFA content and DHA/EPA improvements of Artemia sp. with commercial oils during different enrichments periods. Aquacult. Res. 30, 21-24.
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Phleger, C.F., Nelson, M.M., Mooney, B.D., Nichols, P.D., Ritar, A.J., Smith, G.G., Hart, P.R., Jeffs, A., 2001. Lipids and nutrition of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, from hatch to puerulus. Marine and Freshwater Research, in press.
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Wouters, R., Gomez, L., Lavens, P., Calderon, J., 1999. Feeding enriched Artemia biomass to Penaeus vannamei
broodstock: its effect on reproductive performance and larval quality. J. Shellfish Res. 18, 651-656." name="eprints.referencetext" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Changes in gut content and composition of juvenile Artemia after oil enrichment and during starvation</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Smith, Greg G.</span> and <span class="person_name">Ritar, Arthur J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Phleger, Charles F.</span> and <span class="person_name">Nelson, Matthew M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Mooney, Ben</span> and <span class="person_name">Nichols, Peter D.</span> and <span class="person_name">Hart, Piers R.</span> (2002) <xhtml:em>Changes in gut content and composition of juvenile Artemia after oil enrichment and during starvation.</xhtml:em> Aquaculture, 208 (1-2). pp. 137-158.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2033' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1569/1/Artemia-ritar-aquaculture.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2033' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2033"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1569/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1569/1/Artemia-ritar-aquaculture.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Author Version)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />489Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1569/2/Artemia-ritar-aquaculture-pub.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1569/2/Artemia-ritar-aquaculture-pub.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />251Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00796-7">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00796-7</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Some predators, such as spiny lobster phyllosoma larvae, tear Artemia to pieces before ingestion. This results in the loss of gut content, which may partly negate the benefits of enrichment with essential fatty acids (EFA). Therefore, the influence of gut content on the lipid composition of juvenile Artemia (5 day old) was examined by starvation alone or starvation with forced gut evacuation using 20-30 um plastic beads. Artemia gut content at 3 h and 6 h after the completion of feeding did not contribute significantly to the total lipid or fatty acid profiles of the Artemia. Artemia subjected to starvation alone (without beads) failed to evacuate their gut over the 6 h starvation period suggesting they require the intake of suitable sized particulate matter to undertake gut evacuation. To assess the uptake of EFA in nauplii (day 2) and juveniles, an enrichment diet containing high levels of arachidonic [AA, 20:4(n-6)] and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] was compared to a basal oat-based diet and a commercial oil emulsion high in docosahexaenoic acid [DHA (22:6(n-3)]. Both AA and EPA were increased in juvenile Artemia within a 24 h enrichment period at a rate proportional to their inclusion in the enrichment, while DHA was incorporated to a lesser degree. For all three EFA, the percentage loss during 6h starvation was small, but was greater for DHA than EPA or AA. Juvenile Artemia, a life stage seldom used in feeding regimes, have the ability to assume the AA and EPA profile of their dietary source. The ability to produce a larger food source with a non-traditional fatty acid profile may be valuable for a number of larval crustacean and fish species. </p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">juvenile Artemia, gut evacuation, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, starvation, Jasus edwardsii, phyllosoma</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300701.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences > 300700 Fisheries Sciences > 300701 Physiology and Genetics</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300703.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences > 300700 Fisheries Sciences > 300703 Aquaculture</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1569</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Arthur J Ritar</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Aug 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1569;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=1569">item control page</a></p>
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