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<title>UTas ePrints - Community Efficacy and Social Capital: Modelling how Communities Deliver Outcomes for Members</title>
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<meta content="Kilpatrick, Sue" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Abbott-Chapman, Joan" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Sue.Kilpatrick@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="J.AbbottChapman@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="Osborne, M" name="eprints.editors_name" />
<meta content="Sankey, K" name="eprints.editors_name" />
<meta content="Wilson, B" name="eprints.editors_name" />
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<meta content="2007-09-26" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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<meta content="Community Efficacy and Social Capital: Modelling how Communities Deliver Outcomes for Members" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="In this analytical chapter we introduce a new way of thinking about the social capital of a community, linked to the community's capacity to deliver favourable outcomes for its members. This capacity is termed community efficacy. The chapter reports on the initial stages of a project that is building the knowledge base and developing a framework for measurement of outcomes that accrue to rural communities. We focus on aspects of health service provision as exemplars of what our model and measurement framework may be used to achieve, illustrated by two case study communities in Tasmania, Australia.
We present a model for the study of community efficacy which illustrates the link between community activity infrastructure and community efficacy and between the structural and dynamic elements of community transactions which go to make up the concept of social capital. This paves the way for a measurement framework against which a community's efficacy and the wellbeing outcomes of its members may be rated within any nominated social domain, and the robustness of its social capital may be assessed. The framework recognises that social capital resources are used at the point of interaction between community members; hence at a practical level opportunities for interaction are important. It also advances theoretical understanding of social capital and how it works in communities.
While the literature suggests that the quality and quantity of a community's social capital has a large impact on that community's capacity to deliver favourable outcomes for its members and its capacity to manage its own future, social capital remains notoriously difficult to measure despite many attempts to do so. There is consensus that social capital is the 'property' of a community or collective, yet in measurement frameworks social capital is normally aggregated across individuals and different levels. Our model attempts to disaggregate and to tease out the different strands and dimensions involved in the 4 domains of Education, Employment, Health & Welfare, and Voluntary Social Groups. We argue that, as communities are not socio-economically homogenous, the differential capacity of various groups within the community to participate, and their differential access to decision making structures, should be included. Further, social capital must be set in context - social capital resources that are effective in one context are not necessarily effective in another. We suggest that the framework can be applied to measure community efficacy in various settings, and discuss how it can be applied to a rural community's ability to foster good health and general community 'wellbeing' outcomes at the planning and practical levels.
" name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2007" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="Abbott-Chapman, J., Hughes, P. and Wyld, C. (1991) Improving Access of Disadvantaged Youth to Higher Education, Evaluations and Investigations Program, Higher Education Division, Commonwealth Department of Employment, Education and Training, Canberra: Australian Government Printing Service.
Abbott-Chapman, J. and Kilpatrick, S. (2001) Improving post-school outcomes for rural school leavers. Australian Journal of Education, 45, 1: 35-47.
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ABS (2001b) Regional Statistics: Tasmania Catalogue no. 1362.6, Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
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ABS (2004a) Measuring Social Capital: An Australian Framework and Indicators, Canberra, Australian Bureau of Statistics.
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Auckland, S.R.J. (2005) Rural health teaching sites: foundations for innovative rural community partnerships, AUCEA National Conference 2005, Melbourne, 1-20.
Bandura, A. (1977) Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioural change, Psychological Review, 84: 191-215.
Bandara, A. (1982) Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency, American Psychologist. 37: 122-149.
Cheers, B., Cock, G., Kruger, M., McClure, L. and Trigg, H. (2005) Measuring community capacity: an electronic audit template, Proceedings 2nd National Conference on the Future of Australia's Country Towns, 11-13 July, Bendigo, Victoria: La Trobe University.
Department of Health and Ageing (2004) HealthWiz. Canberra, Department of Health and Ageing.
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Edwards, L. (2003) Promoting Young People's Wellbeing: A Review of Research on Emotional Health. Research Report 115, Glasgow: S.C.R.E. Centre, University of Glasgow.
Edwards, R.W., Jumper-Thurman. P., Plested, B.A., Oetting, E.R. and Swanson, L. (2000) Community readiness: research to practice. Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 3: 291-307.
Falk, I. and Kilpatrick, S. (2000) What is social capital? a study of interaction in a rural community, Sociologia Ruralis, 40, 1: 87-110.
Fenton, C., MacGregor, C. and Cary, J. (2000) Framework and Review Capacity and Motivation for Change to Sustainable Management Practices Final Report Theme 6, National Land and Water Resources Audit, Canberra: Bureau of Rural Sciences.
Giddens, A. (1990) Central Problems in Social Theory; Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gittell, R. and Vidal, A. (1998) Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy, London: Sage Publications.
Glover, J., Harris, K. and Tennant, S. (1999) A Social Health Atlas 2nd Ed. Adelaide: Public Health Information Development Unit.
Herbert-Cheshire, L. (2003) Translating policy: power and action in australia's country towns, Sociologia Ruralis, 42, 4: 454-473.
Johnston, G. and Percy-Smith, J. (2003) In search of social capital, Policy & Politics, 31, 3: 321-334.
Kilpatrick, S. and Abbott-Chapman, J. (2002) Rural young people's work/study priorities and aspirations: the influence of family social capital, Australian Educational Researcher, 29, 1: 43-68.
Kilpatrick, S. and Abbott-Chapman, J. (2005) Community efficacy and social capital, Proceedings 2nd National Conference on the Future of Australia's Country Towns, 11-13 July, Bendigo, Victoria: La Trobe University.
Kilpatrick, S., Abbott-Chapman, J., Williamson, J. and Bound, H. (2003)Identifying the characteristics of rural learning communities implications for rural development. SPERA 19th International Conference 2003, Conference Proceedings, Society for the Provision of Education in Rural Australia, 29th Sept. 1st Oct. 83-92.
Kilpatrick, S., Auckland, S., Johns, S. and Whelan, J. (2006) Building capacity for rural health: the role of boundary crossers in coalition maturity for partnerships with external agents, PASCAL International Observatory Fourth International Conference, Building Stronger Communities New Learnings, Better Governance, Future Directions, Melbourne, July 14.
Mistzal B. (1996) Trust in Modern Societies, Oxford: Polity Press
Mohan, J., Bernard, S., Jones, K. and Twigg, L. (2004) Social Capital, Place and Health: Creating Validity and Applying Small Area Indicators in the Modelling of Health Outcomes, London: NHS Health Development Agency. Online at http://www.hda-online.org.uk/Documents/socialcapital_place_health.pdf, Last Accessed on 2/1/07.
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Reddel, T (2002) Beyond participation, hierarchies, management and markers: new governance and place policies™, Australian Journal of Public Administration 61, 1: 50-63.
Walter, C. (1997) Community building practice: a conceptual framework, in M. Minkler (ed.) Community Organizing and Community Building for Health, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Wicker, A.W. (1991) Behaviour settings reconsidered: temporal stages, resources, internal dynamics, context, in D. Stokols & I. Altman (eds.) Handbook of Environmental Psychology, Malabar, FLA: Krieger Publishing Company: 613-53.
Woolcock, M and Narayan, D. (2000) Social capital: implications for development theory, research and policy, World Bank Research Observer, 15, 2: 225-49.
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We present a model for the study of community efficacy which illustrates the link between community activity infrastructure and community efficacy and between the structural and dynamic elements of community transactions which go to make up the concept of social capital. This paves the way for a measurement framework against which a community's efficacy and the wellbeing outcomes of its members may be rated within any nominated social domain, and the robustness of its social capital may be assessed. The framework recognises that social capital resources are used at the point of interaction between community members; hence at a practical level opportunities for interaction are important. It also advances theoretical understanding of social capital and how it works in communities.
While the literature suggests that the quality and quantity of a community's social capital has a large impact on that community's capacity to deliver favourable outcomes for its members and its capacity to manage its own future, social capital remains notoriously difficult to measure despite many attempts to do so. There is consensus that social capital is the 'property' of a community or collective, yet in measurement frameworks social capital is normally aggregated across individuals and different levels. Our model attempts to disaggregate and to tease out the different strands and dimensions involved in the 4 domains of Education, Employment, Health & Welfare, and Voluntary Social Groups. We argue that, as communities are not socio-economically homogenous, the differential capacity of various groups within the community to participate, and their differential access to decision making structures, should be included. Further, social capital must be set in context - social capital resources that are effective in one context are not necessarily effective in another. We suggest that the framework can be applied to measure community efficacy in various settings, and discuss how it can be applied to a rural community's ability to foster good health and general community 'wellbeing' outcomes at the planning and practical levels.
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Community Efficacy and Social Capital: Modelling how Communities Deliver Outcomes for Members</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Kilpatrick, Sue</span> and <span class="person_name">Abbott-Chapman, Joan</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Community Efficacy and Social Capital: Modelling how Communities Deliver Outcomes for Members.</xhtml:em> In: Social Capital, Lifelong Learning Regions and the Management of Place: an international perspective. . Routledge, UK, pp. 105-124. ISBN 9780203945537</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1653/1/5_-_KilpatrickAbbott__Chapman_Final.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1653/1/5_-_KilpatrickAbbott__Chapman_Final.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />58Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="2145" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.tandf.co.uk">http://www.tandf.co.uk</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">In this analytical chapter we introduce a new way of thinking about the social capital of a community, linked to the community's capacity to deliver favourable outcomes for its members. This capacity is termed community efficacy. The chapter reports on the initial stages of a project that is building the knowledge base and developing a framework for measurement of outcomes that accrue to rural communities. We focus on aspects of health service provision as exemplars of what our model and measurement framework may be used to achieve, illustrated by two case study communities in Tasmania, Australia.
We present a model for the study of community efficacy which illustrates the link between community activity infrastructure and community efficacy and between the structural and dynamic elements of community transactions which go to make up the concept of social capital. This paves the way for a measurement framework against which a community's efficacy and the wellbeing outcomes of its members may be rated within any nominated social domain, and the robustness of its social capital may be assessed. The framework recognises that social capital resources are used at the point of interaction between community members; hence at a practical level opportunities for interaction are important. It also advances theoretical understanding of social capital and how it works in communities.
While the literature suggests that the quality and quantity of a community's social capital has a large impact on that community's capacity to deliver favourable outcomes for its members and its capacity to manage its own future, social capital remains notoriously difficult to measure despite many attempts to do so. There is consensus that social capital is the 'property' of a community or collective, yet in measurement frameworks social capital is normally aggregated across individuals and different levels. Our model attempts to disaggregate and to tease out the different strands and dimensions involved in the 4 domains of Education, Employment, Health & Welfare, and Voluntary Social Groups. We argue that, as communities are not socio-economically homogenous, the differential capacity of various groups within the community to participate, and their differential access to decision making structures, should be included. Further, social capital must be set in context - social capital resources that are effective in one context are not necessarily effective in another. We suggest that the framework can be applied to measure community efficacy in various settings, and discuss how it can be applied to a rural community's ability to foster good health and general community 'wellbeing' outcomes at the planning and practical levels.
</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Book Chapter</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Social capital, Rural communities, Rural health</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/321200.html">320000 Medical and Health Sciences > 321200 Public Health and Health Services</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/370199.html">370000 Studies in Human Society > 370100 Sociology > 370199 Sociology not elsewhere classified</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1653</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Associate Professor SI Kilpatrick</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">26 Sep 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1653;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=1653">item control page</a></p>
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