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<meta content="Many palaoeclimate estimates are based on the climatic ranges of the nearest living relatives (NLRs) of fossils. If the climatic ranges of the true NLRs of the taxa in a fossil assemblage do not overlap, then the past climatic ranges of some of the fossil taxa are different to the ranges of their NLRs. Discrepancies between the climatic ranges of the inferred NLRs of co-occurring fossils are common, particularly in assemblages older than the Middle Pleistocene. Evidence from Early Pleistocene Tasmania indicates that many anomalies are caused by extinct species, or at least genotypes. It is likely that pre-Quaternary fossil deposits will contain more extinct taxa. Most of the extinct Early Pleistocene taxa have warm climate NLRs, but they appear to have occurred in climates no warmer than modern climates in western Tasmania. Sometimes nearest living relative approaches in climate reconstruction are appear to be biased by extinctions of ecotypes and species, especially ones caused by the Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles. Extinctions also mean that it is difficult to identify palaeoclimates which are different from any modern climate." name="eprints.abstract" />
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<meta content="Augustinus, P. C., Macphail, M. K. and Pollington, M. J. (in press). Early Pleistocene stratigraphy and timing of the Bulgobac Glaciation, western Tasmania, Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
Busby, J. R. (1991). BIOCLIM - A Bioclimatic Analysis and Prediction System. In 'Nature Conservation: Cost Effective Biological Surveys and Data Analysis'. (Eds C. R. Margules and M. P. Austin.) pp. 64-68. (CSIRO: Canberra.)
Chippendale, G. M. (1988). Eucalyptus. In 'The Flora of Australia'. Vol. 19 (Ed. A. S. George.) pp. 1-147. (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.)
Floyd, A. G. (1989). 'Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia.' (Inkata Press: Melbourne.)
Floyd, A. G. (1990). 'Australian Rainforests in New South Wales, Vol II.' (Surrey Beattie and Sons: Chipping Norton, Australia.)
Guiot, J. A., Pons, J. L. de Beaulieu and Reille, M. (1989). 140,000 year continental climate reconstruction from two European pollen records. Nature 338, 309-313.
Hill, R. S. and Jordan, G. J. (in press). Macrofossils as indicators of Plio-Pleistocene climates in Tasmania and Antarctica. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania.
Hill, R. S. and Macphail, M. K. (1985). A fossil flora from rafted Plio-Pleistocene mudstones at Regatta Point, Tasmania. Australian Journal of Botany 33, 497-517.
Hutchinson, M. F. (1991). The application of thin-plate smoothing splines to continent-wide data assimilation. BMRC Research Report No. 27, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, pp. 104-113.
Jordan, G. J. (1992). 'Macrofossil evidence for Quaternary Plant Extinction and Vegetation Change in Western Tasmania.' Unpublished PhD thesis (University of Tasmania: Hobart.)
Jordan, G. J. (1995a). Early-Middle Pleistocene leaves of extinct and extant Proteaceae from western Tasmania, Australia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 118, 19-35.
Jordan, G. J. (1995b). Extinct conifers and conifer diversity in the Early Pleistocene of western Tasmania. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 84, 375-387.
Jordan, G. J., Carpenter, R. J. and Hill, R. S. (1991). Late Pleistocene vegetation and climate near Melaleuca Inlet, south-western Tasmania. Australian Journal of Botany 39, 499-511.
Jordan, G. J., Macphail M. K., Barnes R., Hill, R. S. (1995). An Early-Middle Pleistocene flora of subalpine affinities in lowland western Tasmania. Australian Journal of Botany 43, 231-242.
Kershaw, A. P. and McGlone, M. S. (1995). The Quaternary history of the southern conifers. In 'Ecology of the Southern Conifers'. (Eds N. J. Enright and R. S. Hill.) pp. 30-63. (Melbourne University Press: Melbourne.)
Kershaw, A. P. and Nix, H. A. (1988). Quantitative palaeoclimatic estimates from pollen data using bioclimatic profiles of extant taxa. Journal of Biogeography 15, 589-602.
Macphail, M. K. (1979). Vegetation and climates in southern Tasmania since the Last Glaciation. Quaternary Research 11, 306-341.
Macphail, M. K., Alley, N., Truswell, E. M., and Sluiter, I. R. (1994). Early Tertiary vegetation: Evidence from Pollen and spores. In 'History of the Australian Vegetation: Cretaceous to Recent'. (Ed. R. S. Hill) pp. 189-261. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)
Macphail, M. K., Colhoun, E. A. and Fitzsimons, S. (1995). Key periods in the evolution of the Cenozoic flora and vegetation in western Tasmania 2: The Late Pliocene. Australian Journal of Botany 43, 505-526.
Macphail, M. K., Jordan, G. J. and Hill, R. S. (1993). Key periods in the evolution of the Tasmanian vegetation and flora. 1. The Early-Middle Pleistocene. Australian Journal of Botany 41, 637-707.
New Zealand Meteorological Service (1981). Summaries of climatological observations to 1980. New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication.
Nooteboom, H. P. (1978). Symplocaceae. In ' Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Vol. 8'. (Ed. C. G. G. J. van Steenis) pp. 205-274. (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.)
Poole, A. L. and Adams, N. M. (1986). 'Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand.' (Government Printing Office : Wellington, New Zealand.)
Read, J., Hope, G. S. and Hill, R. S. (1988). Integrating historical and ecophysiological studies in Nothofagus to examine the factors shaping the development of cool rainforest in south eastern Australia. In 'Proceedings, 3rd IOP Conference, 1988'. (Eds J. G. Douglas and D. C. Christophel) pp. 97-106. (A-Z Printers: Melbourne.)
Rundel, P. W. (1994). Tropical alpine climates. In 'Tropical Alpine Environments: Plant Form and Function'. (Eds P. W. Rundel, A. P. Smith and F. C. Meinzer.) pp. 21-44. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)
Sluiter, I. R. K., Kershaw, A. P., Holdgate, G. R. and Bulman, D. (1995). Biogeographic, ecological and stratigraphic relationships of the Miocene brown coal floras, Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia. International Journal of Coal Geology 28, 277-302.
Stover, L. E. and Partridge, A. D. (1973). Tertiary and Late Cretaceous spores and pollen from the Gippsland Basin, south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 85, 237-286.
Wijninga, K. M. (1996). Neogene ecology of the Salto de Tequendama site (2475m altitude, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia): the Palaeobotanical record of montane and lowland forests. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 92, 97-156.
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<meta content="Many palaoeclimate estimates are based on the climatic ranges of the nearest living relatives (NLRs) of fossils. If the climatic ranges of the true NLRs of the taxa in a fossil assemblage do not overlap, then the past climatic ranges of some of the fossil taxa are different to the ranges of their NLRs. Discrepancies between the climatic ranges of the inferred NLRs of co-occurring fossils are common, particularly in assemblages older than the Middle Pleistocene. Evidence from Early Pleistocene Tasmania indicates that many anomalies are caused by extinct species, or at least genotypes. It is likely that pre-Quaternary fossil deposits will contain more extinct taxa. Most of the extinct Early Pleistocene taxa have warm climate NLRs, but they appear to have occurred in climates no warmer than modern climates in western Tasmania. Sometimes nearest living relative approaches in climate reconstruction are appear to be biased by extinctions of ecotypes and species, especially ones caused by the Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles. Extinctions also mean that it is difficult to identify palaeoclimates which are different from any modern climate." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Contrasts between the climatic ranges of fossil and extant taxa: causes and consequences for palaeoclimatic estimates</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Jordan, Gregory J.</span> (1997) <xhtml:em>Contrasts between the climatic ranges of fossil and extant taxa: causes and consequences for palaeoclimatic estimates.</xhtml:em> Australian Journal of Botany, 45 (3). pp. 465-474.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1723/1/anomalies.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1723/1/anomalies.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />196Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input value="2219" name="docid" accept-charset="utf-8" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/BT96038">http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/BT96038</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Many palaoeclimate estimates are based on the climatic ranges of the nearest living relatives (NLRs) of fossils. If the climatic ranges of the true NLRs of the taxa in a fossil assemblage do not overlap, then the past climatic ranges of some of the fossil taxa are different to the ranges of their NLRs. Discrepancies between the climatic ranges of the inferred NLRs of co-occurring fossils are common, particularly in assemblages older than the Middle Pleistocene. Evidence from Early Pleistocene Tasmania indicates that many anomalies are caused by extinct species, or at least genotypes. It is likely that pre-Quaternary fossil deposits will contain more extinct taxa. Most of the extinct Early Pleistocene taxa have warm climate NLRs, but they appear to have occurred in climates no warmer than modern climates in western Tasmania. Sometimes nearest living relative approaches in climate reconstruction are appear to be biased by extinctions of ecotypes and species, especially ones caused by the Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles. Extinctions also mean that it is difficult to identify palaeoclimates which are different from any modern climate.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65.htm</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">extinction, niche, climate change, quaternary, cainozoic, cenozoic, pollen, palynology</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270705.html">270000 Biological Sciences > 270700 Ecology and Evolution > 270705 Palaeoecology</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270709.html">270000 Biological Sciences > 270700 Ecology and Evolution > 270709 Biogeography</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1723</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">dr gregory j jordan</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">02 Sep 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">12 Feb 2008 14:28</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1723;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=1723">item control page</a></p>
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