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<title>UTas ePrints - Geochemical Anatomy of Silica Iron Exhalites: Evidence for Hydrothermal Oxyanion Cycling in Response to Vent Fluid Redox and Thermal Evolution (Mt. Windsor Subprovince, Australia)</title>
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<meta content="Davidson, G.J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Stolz, A.J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Eggins, S.M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Garry.Davidson@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="2007-09-04" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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<meta content="Geochemical Anatomy of Silica Iron Exhalites:
Evidence for Hydrothermal Oxyanion Cycling in Response to Vent Fluid Redox and Thermal Evolution (Mt. Windsor Subprovince, Australia)" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="260300" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="260100" name="eprints.subjects" />
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<meta content="exhalites, iron-silica chemical sediment, microbial,
hydrothermal,volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralisation,
Cambrian, inorganic geochemistry, radiogenic isotopes, chlorite-carbonate alteration, mineral exploration,
Mount Windsor Volcanics, Queensland " name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="The definitive version is available online at http://econgeol.geoscienceworld.org/" name="eprints.note" />
<meta content="In the Cambro-Ordovician Mount Windsor subprovince, well known for its massive sulfide deposits, silica
iron oxide exhalites possess complex textural and geochemical features that provide an insight into the very
early stages of typical massive sulfide deposit development. In exploration they are also useful for identifying hotter systems most likely to host massive sulfide deposits. Three examples were mapped and sampled from outcrop and analyzed for magnetic susceptibility, major and trace elements, REE, and Nd and Sr radiogenic
isotopes. They share a common evolutional history. Early microbially mediated silica iron oxyhydroxides (stage
1), which grew with very little clastic sediment incorporation, probably developed an Fe, U, V, Mo, As, Ag, Cd, P, Y, Be, Mg, and REE element association that has also been documented from metalliferous sediments on the modern sea floor. This stage is commonly overprinted by siliceous veins (stage 2), indicating that the exhalites directly overlay diffuse hydrothermal upflow zones. Less commonly, the silicification assemblage includes pyrite. Y, U, Be, V, and Mg positive correlations with Fe survived the subsurface silicification. Ag, As, Mo, Sb, REE, and Ba were leached from stage 1 zones during stage 2, presumably liberated during recrystallization of iron oxyhydroxide and were reprecipitated in narrow crosscutting zones within stage 2 silicification.
The depositional mechanism is not well understood, but radiogenic isotope trends indicate that interaction between
hydrothermal fluid and detrital silicates preferentially precipitated some of these metals. The hydrothermal
transition from low-temperature (less than 100 degrees C) oxidized to higher temperature ( more than 150 degrees C), H2S-bearing volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS)-style fluids in some systems is evidenced by the addition of Cu, Pb, Zn, Tl, Mn, Se, and possibly Eu, mainly as trace elements in pyrite.
The Sr and Nd isotope systematics of the jaspers can be explained for stage 1 by mixing of seawater, clastic,
and hydrothermal end members, giving rise to complex isotopic populations. The stage 1 signatures are supplanted
by relatively simple isotopic compositions with increasing stage 2 alteration intensity. This replacement
is best expressed in plots of resistant detrital elements and metals such as As, Se, Zn, and Pb versus epsilon Nd and
87Sr/86Sri. The hydrothermal component has epsilon Nd(480 Ma) ~ -2, best explained by leaching of the underlying
Trooper Creek Formation (epsilon Nd (480 Ma) = +3.8 to -7.3) rather than leaching of deeper Mount Windsor Formation
rhyolitic volcanics (epsilon Nd (480 Ma) = -4.7 to -12.8). There is no support for a magmatic fluid, because no match
exists with the known Trooper Creek Formation epsilon Nd(480 Ma) magmatic populations (epsilon Nd (480 Ma) = -4.1 to -7.3 and +3.8 to -0.9). The radiogenic isotopes support a shallow convecting model with jasper deposition from rockbuffered seawater. The evolution of fluids from cooler, oxidized to hotter, reduced conditions, either records
heating induced by arrival of a subsurface thermal plume or the propagation of extensional faults deeper into a layered convective system." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2001-08" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Economic Geology" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="96" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="5" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="1201-1226" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.2113/96.5.1201" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="UNSPECIFIED" name="eprints.thesis_type" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0361-0128" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/96.5.1201" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Adachi, M., Yamamoto, K., and Sugisaki, R., 1986, Hydrothermal chert and associated siliceous rocks from the Northern Pacific: Their geological significance as indication of ocean ridge activity: Sedimentary Geology, v. 47, p. 125-148.
Albarede, F., and Goldstein, S.L., 1992, World map of Nd isotopes in seafloor ferromanganese deposits: Geology, v. 20, p. 761-763.
Alt, J.C., 1988, Hydrothermal oxide and nontronite deposits on seamounts in the Eastern Pacific: Marine Geology, v. 81, p. 227-239.
Barrett, T.J., Jarvis, I., and Jarvis, K.E., 1990, Rare earth element geochemistry of massive sulfides-sulfates and gossans on the Southern Explorer Ridge: Geology, v. 18, p. 583-586.
Berry, R.F., Huston, D.L., Stolz, A.J., Hill, A.P., Beams, S.D., Kuronen, U., and Taube, A., 1992, Stratigraphy, structure, and volcanic-hosted mineralization
of the Mount Windsor subprovince, North Queensland, Australia: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 87, p. 739-763.
Boyd, T., Scott, S.D., and Hekinian, R., 1993, Trace element patterns in Fe-Si-Mn oxyhydroxides at three hydrothermally active seafloor regions: Resource
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Broecker, W.S., and Peng, T.-H., 1982, Tracers in the sea: Palisades, NY, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, 690 p.
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Physical, Chemical, Biological and Geological Interactions within Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems, 3rd, Big Sky, Montana, August 28, 1993, Proceedings, p. T10.
Doyle M., 1997, A Cambro-Ordovician volcanic succession hosting massive sulfide mineralisation: Mt Windsor subprovince, Qld: Unpublished Ph.D thesis, Hobart, Tasmania, University of Tasmania, 279 p.
Duhig, N.C., 1991, The geology of East Waddys mill and the geochemical and textural aspects of ironstone near Thalanga, north Queensland: Unpublished Honors thesis, Hobart, Tasmania, University of Tasmania, 116 p.
Duhig, N.C., Davidson, G.J., and Stolz, J., 1992a, Microbial involvement in the formation of Cambrian seafloor silica iron oxide deposits, Australia: Geology, v. 20, p. 511-514.
Duhig, N.C., Stolz, J., Davidson, G.J., and Large, R.R., 1992b, Cambrian microbial and silica gel textures preserved in silica iron exhalites from the Mount Windsor volcanic belt, Australia: Their petrography, chemistry, and origin: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 87, p. 764-784.
Dymond, J., 1981, Geochemistry of Nazca Plate surface sediments: An evaluation of hydrothermal, biogenic, detrital and hydrogenous sources: Geological Society of America Memoir, v. 154, p. 133-170.
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-1989, Mineralogy and geochemistry of an Archean tuffaceous exhalite: The Main Contact Tuff, Millenbach mine area, Noranda, Quebec: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 26, p. 88-105.
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v. 348, p. 155-157." name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Davidson, G.J. and Stolz, A.J. and Eggins, S.M. (2001) Geochemical Anatomy of Silica Iron Exhalites: Evidence for Hydrothermal Oxyanion Cycling in Response to Vent Fluid Redox and Thermal Evolution (Mt. Windsor Subprovince, Australia). Economic Geology, 96 (5). pp. 1201-1226. ISSN 0361-0128" name="eprints.citation" />
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<meta content="Geochemical Anatomy of Silica Iron Exhalites:
Evidence for Hydrothermal Oxyanion Cycling in Response to Vent Fluid Redox and Thermal Evolution (Mt. Windsor Subprovince, Australia)" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Davidson, G.J." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Stolz, A.J." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Eggins, S.M." name="DC.creator" />
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<meta content="In the Cambro-Ordovician Mount Windsor subprovince, well known for its massive sulfide deposits, silica
iron oxide exhalites possess complex textural and geochemical features that provide an insight into the very
early stages of typical massive sulfide deposit development. In exploration they are also useful for identifying hotter systems most likely to host massive sulfide deposits. Three examples were mapped and sampled from outcrop and analyzed for magnetic susceptibility, major and trace elements, REE, and Nd and Sr radiogenic
isotopes. They share a common evolutional history. Early microbially mediated silica iron oxyhydroxides (stage
1), which grew with very little clastic sediment incorporation, probably developed an Fe, U, V, Mo, As, Ag, Cd, P, Y, Be, Mg, and REE element association that has also been documented from metalliferous sediments on the modern sea floor. This stage is commonly overprinted by siliceous veins (stage 2), indicating that the exhalites directly overlay diffuse hydrothermal upflow zones. Less commonly, the silicification assemblage includes pyrite. Y, U, Be, V, and Mg positive correlations with Fe survived the subsurface silicification. Ag, As, Mo, Sb, REE, and Ba were leached from stage 1 zones during stage 2, presumably liberated during recrystallization of iron oxyhydroxide and were reprecipitated in narrow crosscutting zones within stage 2 silicification.
The depositional mechanism is not well understood, but radiogenic isotope trends indicate that interaction between
hydrothermal fluid and detrital silicates preferentially precipitated some of these metals. The hydrothermal
transition from low-temperature (less than 100 degrees C) oxidized to higher temperature ( more than 150 degrees C), H2S-bearing volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS)-style fluids in some systems is evidenced by the addition of Cu, Pb, Zn, Tl, Mn, Se, and possibly Eu, mainly as trace elements in pyrite.
The Sr and Nd isotope systematics of the jaspers can be explained for stage 1 by mixing of seawater, clastic,
and hydrothermal end members, giving rise to complex isotopic populations. The stage 1 signatures are supplanted
by relatively simple isotopic compositions with increasing stage 2 alteration intensity. This replacement
is best expressed in plots of resistant detrital elements and metals such as As, Se, Zn, and Pb versus epsilon Nd and
87Sr/86Sri. The hydrothermal component has epsilon Nd(480 Ma) ~ -2, best explained by leaching of the underlying
Trooper Creek Formation (epsilon Nd (480 Ma) = +3.8 to -7.3) rather than leaching of deeper Mount Windsor Formation
rhyolitic volcanics (epsilon Nd (480 Ma) = -4.7 to -12.8). There is no support for a magmatic fluid, because no match
exists with the known Trooper Creek Formation epsilon Nd(480 Ma) magmatic populations (epsilon Nd (480 Ma) = -4.1 to -7.3 and +3.8 to -0.9). The radiogenic isotopes support a shallow convecting model with jasper deposition from rockbuffered seawater. The evolution of fluids from cooler, oxidized to hotter, reduced conditions, either records
heating induced by arrival of a subsurface thermal plume or the propagation of extensional faults deeper into a layered convective system." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Geochemical Anatomy of Silica Iron Exhalites: Evidence for Hydrothermal Oxyanion Cycling in Response to Vent Fluid Redox and Thermal Evolution (Mt. Windsor Subprovince, Australia)</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Davidson, G.J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Stolz, A.J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Eggins, S.M.</span> (2001) <xhtml:em>Geochemical Anatomy of Silica Iron Exhalites: Evidence for Hydrothermal Oxyanion Cycling in Response to Vent Fluid Redox and Thermal Evolution (Mt. Windsor Subprovince, Australia).</xhtml:em> Economic Geology, 96 (5). pp. 1201-1226. ISSN 0361-0128</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1844/1/Davidson%2C_Stolz%2C_Eggins_ECON_GEOL_2001.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1844/1/Davidson%2C_Stolz%2C_Eggins_ECON_GEOL_2001.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />820Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input value="2316" name="docid" accept-charset="utf-8" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/96.5.1201">http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/96.5.1201</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">In the Cambro-Ordovician Mount Windsor subprovince, well known for its massive sulfide deposits, silica
iron oxide exhalites possess complex textural and geochemical features that provide an insight into the very
early stages of typical massive sulfide deposit development. In exploration they are also useful for identifying hotter systems most likely to host massive sulfide deposits. Three examples were mapped and sampled from outcrop and analyzed for magnetic susceptibility, major and trace elements, REE, and Nd and Sr radiogenic
isotopes. They share a common evolutional history. Early microbially mediated silica iron oxyhydroxides (stage
1), which grew with very little clastic sediment incorporation, probably developed an Fe, U, V, Mo, As, Ag, Cd, P, Y, Be, Mg, and REE element association that has also been documented from metalliferous sediments on the modern sea floor. This stage is commonly overprinted by siliceous veins (stage 2), indicating that the exhalites directly overlay diffuse hydrothermal upflow zones. Less commonly, the silicification assemblage includes pyrite. Y, U, Be, V, and Mg positive correlations with Fe survived the subsurface silicification. Ag, As, Mo, Sb, REE, and Ba were leached from stage 1 zones during stage 2, presumably liberated during recrystallization of iron oxyhydroxide and were reprecipitated in narrow crosscutting zones within stage 2 silicification.
The depositional mechanism is not well understood, but radiogenic isotope trends indicate that interaction between
hydrothermal fluid and detrital silicates preferentially precipitated some of these metals. The hydrothermal
transition from low-temperature (less than 100 degrees C) oxidized to higher temperature ( more than 150 degrees C), H2S-bearing volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS)-style fluids in some systems is evidenced by the addition of Cu, Pb, Zn, Tl, Mn, Se, and possibly Eu, mainly as trace elements in pyrite.
The Sr and Nd isotope systematics of the jaspers can be explained for stage 1 by mixing of seawater, clastic,
and hydrothermal end members, giving rise to complex isotopic populations. The stage 1 signatures are supplanted
by relatively simple isotopic compositions with increasing stage 2 alteration intensity. This replacement
is best expressed in plots of resistant detrital elements and metals such as As, Se, Zn, and Pb versus epsilon Nd and
87Sr/86Sri. The hydrothermal component has epsilon Nd(480 Ma) ~ -2, best explained by leaching of the underlying
Trooper Creek Formation (epsilon Nd (480 Ma) = +3.8 to -7.3) rather than leaching of deeper Mount Windsor Formation
rhyolitic volcanics (epsilon Nd (480 Ma) = -4.7 to -12.8). There is no support for a magmatic fluid, because no match
exists with the known Trooper Creek Formation epsilon Nd(480 Ma) magmatic populations (epsilon Nd (480 Ma) = -4.1 to -7.3 and +3.8 to -0.9). The radiogenic isotopes support a shallow convecting model with jasper deposition from rockbuffered seawater. The evolution of fluids from cooler, oxidized to hotter, reduced conditions, either records
heating induced by arrival of a subsurface thermal plume or the propagation of extensional faults deeper into a layered convective system.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available online at http://econgeol.geoscienceworld.org/</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">exhalites, iron-silica chemical sediment, microbial,
hydrothermal,volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralisation,
Cambrian, inorganic geochemistry, radiogenic isotopes, chlorite-carbonate alteration, mineral exploration,
Mount Windsor Volcanics, Queensland </td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260300.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260300 Geochemistry</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260100.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260100 Geology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1844</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Mrs Katrina Keep</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">04 Sep 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">23 Jan 2008 15:50</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1844;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=1844">item control page</a></p>
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