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<title>UTas ePrints - The effects of hardpan layers on the water chemistry from the leaching of pyrrhotite-rich tailings material</title>
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<meta content="Gilbert, S.E." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Cooke, D.R." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Hollings, P." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="sgilbert@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="D.Cooke@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-10-07 21:58:59" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
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<meta content="The effects of hardpan layers on the water chemistry from the leaching of pyrrhotite-rich tailings material" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="260100" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content="Hardpan, Mine tailings,Column
leaching, Pyrrhotite oxidation, Tasmania,
Australia" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com
" name="eprints.note" />
<meta content="Column leaching experiments were used to determine the effects of an iron-rich hardpan layer, on the rate of tailings oxidation and the composition of leachate waters, from the Renison Bell tailings dams in western Tasmania, Australia. One-meter-long PVC columns, filled with tailings,
cover material (Cassiterite Flotation Tailings) and hardpan samples from the tailings dams, were leached over a period of 14 weeks. Under dry cover conditions, when hardpan was present, the solute loads peaked at 21–49 days (Fe at 2,294 ppm and SO4 2- at 4,700 ppm), and stabilised at much lower
concentrations after 9 weeks. In contrast, the solute
loads steadily increased over time in the column where hardpan was absent (SO4 -2 from 1,800 to 3,100 ppm, and Fe from 407 to 1,692 ppm). Under saturated cover conditions, the solute concentrations in the leachate also increased with time (SO4 2- from 1,900 to 17,000 ppm, and Fe from
480 to 8,500 ppm). The presence of a hardpan layer
between the reactive tailings and cover material has
been found to improve leachate water chemistry and
lessen the rate of sulphide oxidation." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2003-09" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Environmental Geology" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="44" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="6" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="687-697" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1007/s00254-003-0810-5" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0943-0105" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0810-5" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Ahonen L, Tuovinen OH (1994) Solid-phase alteration and iron
transformation in column bioleaching of a complex sulphide
ore. In: Alpers CN, Blowes DW (eds) The environmental geochemistry
of sulphide oxidation. American Chemical Society,
ACS Symposium Series 550, Ontario, pp 79–89
Bain JG, Blowes DW, Robertson WD, Frind EO (2000) Modelling
of sulphide oxidation with reactive transport at a mine drainage
site. J Contam Hydrol 41:23–47
Bahatti TM, Bigham JM, Carlson L, Tuovinen OH (1993) Mineral
products of pyrrhotite oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.
Appl Environ Microbiol 59:1984–1990
Barham RJ (1997) Schwertmannite: a unique mineral, contains a
replaceable ligand, transforms to jarosites, hematites and/or
basic iron sulphate. J Mater Res 12:2751–2758
Bigham JM (1994) Mineralogy of ochre deposits formed by sulphide
oxidation. In: Blowes DW, Jambor JL (eds) The environmental
geochemistry of sulphide mine-wastes: short course handbook.
Mineralogical Association of Canada, Ontario, pp 103–132
Bigham JM, Schwertmann U, Traina SJ, Winland RL, Wolf M
(1996) Schwertmannite and the chemical modelling of iron in
acid sulphate waters. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:2111–2121
Blowes DW, Reardon EJ, Jambor JL, Cherry JA (1991) The formation
and potential importance of cemented layers in inactive
sulphide mine tailings. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:965–978
Bureau of Meteorology, www.bom.gov.au
Chermak JA, Runnells DD (1995) Self-sealing hardpan barriers to
minimise infiltration of water into sulphide-bearing overburden,
ore and tailings piles. Tailings and Mine Waste ’96, pp 265–273
Cravotta CA (1994) Secondary iron-sulphate minerals as sources
of sulphate and acidity. In: Alpers CN, Blowes DW (eds) The
environmental geochemistry of sulphide oxidation. American
Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 550, Ontario, pp 345–
364
Elberling B, Nicholson RV, Scharer JM (1994) A combined kinetic
and diffusion model for pyrite oxidation in tailings: a change in
controls with time. J Hydrol 157:47–60
Elberling B, Nicholson RV (1996) Field determination of sulphide
oxidation rates in mine tailings. Water Resour Res 32:1773–1784
Frau F (2000) The formation-dissolution-precipitation cycle of
melanterite at the abandoned pyrite mine of Genna Luas in
Sardinia, Italy: environmental implications. Mineral Mag
64:995–1006
Janzen MP, Nicholson RV, Scharer JM (2000) Pyrrhotite reaction
kinetics: reaction rates for oxidation by oxygen, ferric iron, and
for nonoxidative dissolution. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
64:1511–1522
Johnson RH, Blowes DW, Robertson WD, Jambor JL (2000) The
hydrogeochemistry of the Nickel Rim Mine tailings impoundment.
J Contam Hydrol 41:49–80
Kalinkin AM, Forsling W, Makarov DV, Makarov VN (2000)
Surface oxidation of synthetic pyrrhotite during wetting-drying
treatment. J Environ Eng Sci 17:329–335
Keith DC, Runnells DD (1995) Experimental simulation of waste
rock weathering under unsaturated and saturated conditions at
Iron Mountain, California. Tailings and Mine Waste ‘96, pp
351–360
Light TS (1972) Standard solution for redox potential measurements.
Anal Chem 44:1038–1039
Lin Z, Herbert RB (1997) Heavy metal retention in secondary
precipitates from a mine rock dump and underlying soil,
Dalarna, Sweden. Environ Geol 33:1–12
McGregor RG, Blowes DW, Jambor JL, Robertson WD (1998) The
solid-phase controls on the mobility of heavy metals at the
Copper Cliff tailings area, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. J Contam
Hydrol 33:247–271
McSweeney K, Madison FW (1988) Formation of a cemented
subsurface horizon in sulphidic minewaste. J Environ Qual
17:256–262
Nicholson RV, Gillham RW, Cherry JA, Reardon EJ (1989)
Reduction of acid generation in mine tailings through the use of moisture-retaining cover layers as oxygen barriers. Can Geotech
J 28:1-8
Nicholson RV, Scharer JM (1994) Laboratory studies of pyrrhotite
oxidation kinetics. In: Alpers CN, Blowes DW (eds) The environmental
geochemistry of sulphide oxidation. American
Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 550, Ontario, pp 15–30
Rose S, Elliott WC (2000) The effects of pH regulation upon the
release of sulphate from ferric precipitates formed in acid mine
drainage. Appl Geochem 15:27–34
Shum M, Lavkulich LM (1999) Use of colour to estimate oxidised
Fe content in mine waste rock. Environ Geol 37:281–289
Stromberg B, Banwart S (1999) Weathering kinetics of waste rock
from the Aitik copper mine, Sweden: scale dependent rate factors
and pH controls in large column experiments. J Contam
Hydrol 39:59–89
Wang Y, Reardon EJ (2001) A siderite/limestone reactor to remove
arsenic and cadmium from waste-waters. Appl Geochem
16:1241–1249
Villalobos M, Trotz MA, Leckie JO (2001) Surface complexation
modelling of carbonate effects on the adsorption of Cr(VI),
Pb(II), and U(VI) on goethite. Environ Sci Technol 35:3849–
3856" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Gilbert, S.E. and Cooke, D.R. and Hollings, P. (2003) The effects of hardpan layers on the water chemistry from the leaching of pyrrhotite-rich tailings material. Environmental Geology, 44 (6). pp. 687-697. ISSN 0943-0105" name="eprints.citation" />
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<meta content="Gilbert, S.E." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Cooke, D.R." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Hollings, P." name="DC.creator" />
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<meta content="Column leaching experiments were used to determine the effects of an iron-rich hardpan layer, on the rate of tailings oxidation and the composition of leachate waters, from the Renison Bell tailings dams in western Tasmania, Australia. One-meter-long PVC columns, filled with tailings,
cover material (Cassiterite Flotation Tailings) and hardpan samples from the tailings dams, were leached over a period of 14 weeks. Under dry cover conditions, when hardpan was present, the solute loads peaked at 21–49 days (Fe at 2,294 ppm and SO4 2- at 4,700 ppm), and stabilised at much lower
concentrations after 9 weeks. In contrast, the solute
loads steadily increased over time in the column where hardpan was absent (SO4 -2 from 1,800 to 3,100 ppm, and Fe from 407 to 1,692 ppm). Under saturated cover conditions, the solute concentrations in the leachate also increased with time (SO4 2- from 1,900 to 17,000 ppm, and Fe from
480 to 8,500 ppm). The presence of a hardpan layer
between the reactive tailings and cover material has
been found to improve leachate water chemistry and
lessen the rate of sulphide oxidation." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">The effects of hardpan layers on the water chemistry from the leaching of pyrrhotite-rich tailings material</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Gilbert, S.E.</span> and <span class="person_name">Cooke, D.R.</span> and <span class="person_name">Hollings, P.</span> (2003) <xhtml:em>The effects of hardpan layers on the water chemistry from the leaching of pyrrhotite-rich tailings material.</xhtml:em> Environmental Geology, 44 (6). pp. 687-697. ISSN 0943-0105</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2057/1/Gilbert.Cooke.Hollings.ENVIROGEO.2003.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2057/1/Gilbert.Cooke.Hollings.ENVIROGEO.2003.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />444Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="2596" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0810-5">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0810-5</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Column leaching experiments were used to determine the effects of an iron-rich hardpan layer, on the rate of tailings oxidation and the composition of leachate waters, from the Renison Bell tailings dams in western Tasmania, Australia. One-meter-long PVC columns, filled with tailings,
cover material (Cassiterite Flotation Tailings) and hardpan samples from the tailings dams, were leached over a period of 14 weeks. Under dry cover conditions, when hardpan was present, the solute loads peaked at 21–49 days (Fe at 2,294 ppm and SO4 2- at 4,700 ppm), and stabilised at much lower
concentrations after 9 weeks. In contrast, the solute
loads steadily increased over time in the column where hardpan was absent (SO4 -2 from 1,800 to 3,100 ppm, and Fe from 407 to 1,692 ppm). Under saturated cover conditions, the solute concentrations in the leachate also increased with time (SO4 2- from 1,900 to 17,000 ppm, and Fe from
480 to 8,500 ppm). The presence of a hardpan layer
between the reactive tailings and cover material has
been found to improve leachate water chemistry and
lessen the rate of sulphide oxidation.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Hardpan, Mine tailings,Column
leaching, Pyrrhotite oxidation, Tasmania,
Australia</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260100.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260100 Geology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2057</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Mrs Katrina Keep</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">08 Oct 2007 08:58</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2057;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2057">item control page</a></p>
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