<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>UTas ePrints - Explaining bird species composition and richness in eucalypt-dominated remnants in subhumid Tasmania</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
<style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
<link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
<link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
<meta content="MacDonald, M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Kirkpatrick, J.B." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="J.Kirkpatrick@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-11-01 03:15:17" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
<meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
<meta content="Explaining bird species composition and richness in eucalypt-dominated remnants in subhumid Tasmania" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="270799" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content="Habitat fragmentation, agricultural landscapes, bird species richness, noisy miner,
competition, eucalypt remnants, urban remnants, Tasmania" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com" name="eprints.note" />
<meta content="Aim:
To determine the factors influencing the distribution of birds in remnants in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Location
Forty-seven eucalypt remnants and six sites in continuous forest in the subhumid Midlands region of Tasmania, Australia. Methods:
Sites were censused over a two-year period, and environmental data were collected for remnants. The avifauna of the sites was classified and ordinated. The abundances of bird species, and bird species composition, richness, abundance and diversity were related to environmental variables, using simple correlation and modelling. Results:
There were two distinct groups of sample sites, which sharply differed in species composition, richness, diversity and bird abundance, separated on the presence/absence of noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala Latham) colonies, remnant size, vegetation structural attributes and variables that reflected disturbance history. The approximate remnant size threshold for the change from one group to another was 20–30 ha. Remnant species richness and diversity were most strongly explained by remnant area and noisy miner abundance, with contributions from structural and isolation attributes in the second case. Segment richness was explained by precipitation, logging history and noisy miner abundance. Bird abundance was positively related to precipitation and negatively related to tree dieback. The 28 individual bird species models were highly individualistic, with vegetation structural variables, noisy miner abundance, climatic variables, variables related to isolation, area, variables related to floristics, disturbance variables, the nature of the matrix and remnant shape all being components in declining order of incidence. Age of the remnant did not relate to any of the dependent variables. Main conclusions:
Degraded and small remnants may have become more distinct in their avifaunal characteristics than might otherwise be the case, as a result of the establishment of colonies of an aggressive native bird, the noisy miner. The area, isolation and shape of remnants directly relate to the abundance of relatively few species, compared to vegetation attributes, climate and the abundance of the noisy miner. The nature of the matrix is important in the response of some species to fragmentation. " name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2003-09" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Journal of Biogeography" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="30" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="9" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="1415-1426" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00927.x" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0305-0270" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00927.x" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Ambuel, B. & Temple, S.A. (1983) Area-dependent changes in
the bird communities and vegetation of southern Wisconsin
forests. Ecology, 64, 1057–1068.
Arnold, G.W. & Weeldenburg, J.R. (1998) The effects of
isolation, habitat fragmentation and degradation by livestock
grazing on the use by birds of patches of Gimlet Eucalyptus
salubris woodland in the wheatbelt of Western Australia.
Pacific Conservation Biology, 4, 155–163.
Barrett, G.F., Ford, H.A. & Recher, H.F. (1994) Conservation
of woodland birds in a fragmented rural landscape. Pacific
Conservation Biology, 1, 245–256.
Bellamy, P.E., Hinsley, S.A. & Newton, I. (1996) Factors
influencing bird species numbers in small woods in south-east
England. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 249–262.
Blake, J.G. & Karr, J.R. (1984) Species composition of bird
communities and the conservation benefit of large versus
small forests. Biological Conservation, 30, 173–187.
Bosworth, P. (1976) Application of island biogeography principles
to the selection and management of Tasmanian dry
sclerophyll forest reserves. M. Env. St. Thesis, Uni of Tas,
unpublished.
Brittingham, M.C. & Temple, S.A. (1983) Have cowbirds
caused forest songbirds to decline? Bioscience, 33, 31–35.
Catterall, C.P., Kingston, M.B. & Park, K. (1997) Use of
remnant forest habitat by birds during winter in subtropical Australia: patterns and processes. Pacific Conservation
Biology, 3, 262–274.
Chevan, A. & Sutherland, M. (1991) Hierarchical partitioning.
The American Statistician, 45, 90–96.
Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. (1994) The taxonomy and species
of birds of Australia and its territories. RAOU Monograph 2.
RAOU, Melbourne.
Cieslak,M&Dombrovski, A. (1993) The effect of forest size on
breeding bird communities. Acta Ornithologica Warsawa,
27, 97–111.
Clarke, M.F. & Schedvin, N. (1999) Removal of bell miners
Manorina melanophrys from Eucalyptus radiata forest and its
effect on avian diversity, psyllids and tree health. Biological
Conservation, 88, 111–120.
Connor, E.F. & McCoy, E.D. (1979) The statistics and biology
of the species–area relationship. American Naturalist, 113,
791–833.
Dickinson, K.J.M., Wall, L.E. & Wilson, R.I. (1986) Birds in a
partly clearfelled dry eucalypt forest on dolerite in southeastern
Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal
Society of Tasmania, 120, 39–49.
Dow, D.D. (1977) Indiscriminate interspecific aggression leading
to almost sole occupancy of space by a single species of
bird. Emu, 77, 115–121.
Er, K.B.H. (1997) Effects of eucalypt dieback on bird species
diversity in remnants of native woodland. Corella, 21,
69–76.
Fensham, R.J. (1989) The pre-European vegetation of the
Midlands, Tasmania: a floristic and historical analysis of
vegetation patterns. Journal of Biogeography, 16, 29–45.
Ford, H.A. & Bell, H.L. (1981) Density of birds in eucalypt
woodland affected to varying degrees by dieback. Emu, 81,
202–208.
Freemark, K.E. & Merriam, G. (1986) Importance of area and
habitat heterogeneity to bird assemblages in temperate forest
fragments. Biological Conservation, 36, 115–141.
Gascon, C., Lovejoy, T., Bierregaard, J.R., Malcolm, P.,
Stouffer, C., Vasconelos, W.F., Laurance, B. Zimmerman,
M., Tocher, M. & Borges, S. (1999) Matrix habitat and
species richness in tropical forest remnants. Biological
Conservation, 91, 223–229.
Gilfedder, L. & Kirkpatrick J.B. (1998) Factors influencing the
condition of natural vegetation remnants in subhumid
Tasmania. Biological Conservation, 84, 89–96.
Green, R.H. (1983) The decline of the eastern rosella and other
Psittaciformes in Tasmania concomitant with the establishment
of the introduced European starling. Records of the
Queen Victoria Museum, 82, 1–5.
Grey, M.J., Clarke, M.F. & Loyn, R.H. (1997) Initial changes in
the avian communities of remnant eucalypt woodlands
following a reduction in the abundance of noisy miners
Manorina melanocephala. Wildlife Research, 24, 631–648.
Grey, M.J., Clarke, M.F. & Loyn, R.H. (1998) Influence of the
noisy miner, Manorina melanocephala, on avian diversity and
abundance in remnant grey box woodland. Pacific Conservation
Biology, 4, 55–69.
Harden, R.H., Muir, R.J. & Milledge, D.R. (1986) An
evaluation of the strip transect method for censusing bird
communities in forests. Australian Wildlife Research, 13,
203–211.
Heatwole, H. & Lowman, M. (1986) Dieback: death of an
Australian landscape. Reed Books, Frenchs Forest.
Hobbs, R.J. & Hopkins, A.J.M (1990) From frontier
to fragments: European impact on Australia’s vegetation.
Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia, 16, 93–
114.
Kirkpatrick, J.B. & Gilfedder, L. (1995) Maintaining integrity
compared with maintaining rare and threatened taxa in
remnant bushland in subhumid Tasmania. Biological Conservation,
74, 1–8.
Kirkpatrick, J.B., Gilfedder, L. & Fensham, R. (1988) City
parks and cemeteries. Tasmanian Conservation Trust,
Hobart.
Lindenmayer, D.B., Cunningham, R.B., Donnelly, C.E., Nix. H.
& Lindenmayer, B. (2002) Effects of forest fragmentation on
bird assemblages in a novel landscape context. Ecological
Monographs, 72, 1–18.
Lord, J.M. & Norton, D.A. (1990) Scale and the spatial concept
of fragmentation. Conservation Biology, 4, 197–202.
Loyn, R.H. (1987) Effects of patch area and habitat on bird
abundances, species numbers and tree health in fragmented
Victorian forests. Nature conservation: the role of remnants
of native vegetation (ed. by D.A. Saunders, G.W. Arnold,
A.A. Burbidge and A.J.M. Hopkins), pp. 65–77. Surrey
Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton.
Loyn, R.H., Runnalls, R.G., Forward, G.Y. & Tyers, J. (1983)
Territorial bell miners and other birds affecting populations
of insect prey. Science, 221, 1411–1413.
Lynch, J.P. & Whigham, D.F (1984) Effects of forest
fragmentation on breeding bird communities in Maryland,
USA. Biological Conservation, 28, 287–324.
MacArthur, R.H. & Wilson, E.O. (1967) The theory of island
biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Mac Nally, R.C. (1990) The roles of floristics and physiognomy
in avian community composition. Australian Journal of
Ecology, 15, 321–327.
Mac Nally, R.C., Bennett, A.F. & Horrocks, G. (2000)
Forecasting the impacts of habitat fragmentation. Evaluation
of species-specific predictions of the impact of habitat
fragmentation on birds in the box-ironbark forest of central
Victoria, Australia. Biological Conservation, 95, 7–29.
Mac Nally, R.C. & Horrocks, G. (2002) Relative influences of
patch, landscape and historical factors on birds in an
Australian fragmented landscape. Journal of Biogeography,
29, 395–410.
Magurran, A.E. (1988) Ecological diversity and its measurement.
University Press, Cambridge.
Major, R.E., Christie, F.J. & Gowing, G. (2001). Influence of
remnant and landscape attributes on Australian woodland
bird communities. Biological Conservation, 102, 47–66.
Mayfield, H. (1977) Brown-headed cowbird: agent of extermination?
American Birds, 31, 107–113.
McCollin, D. (1993) Avian distribution patterns in a fragmented
wooded landscape (North Humberside, U.K.): the role of
between-patch and within-patch structure. Global Ecology
and Biogeography Letters, 3, 48–62.
Minchin, P.R. (1988) DECODA: Database for Ecological
Community Data. Anutech Pty Ltd., Canberra.
Minitab, INC. (1997) User’s guide 2: data analysis and quality
tools.
2003 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Journal of Biogeography, 30, 1415–1426
Bird species composition and richness in subhumid Tasmania 1425 Opdam, P., Rijsdijk, G. & Hustings, F. (1985) Bird communities
in small woods in an agricultural landscape: effects of
area and isolation. Biological Conservation, 34, 333–352.
Recher, H.F., Kavanagh, R.P., Shields, J.M. & Lind, P. (1991)
Ecological associations of habitats and bird species during the
breeding season in southeastern New South Wales. Australian
Journal of Ecology, 16, 337–352.
Robbins, C.S., Dawson, D.K. & Dowell, B.A. (1989) Habitat
area requirements of breeding forest birds of the Middle
Atlantic States. Wildlife Monographs, 103, 1–34.
Robinson, S.K., Thompson, F.R. III, Donovan, T.M., Whitehead,
D.R. & Faaborg, J. (1995) Regional forest fragmentation
and the nesting success of migratory birds. Science, 267,
1987–1990.
Thomas, D.G. (1974) Some problems associated with the
avifauna. Biogeography and ecology in Tasmania (ed. by
W.D. Williams), pp. 339–365. W. Junk, The Hague.
van Dorp, D. & Opdam, P. (1987) Effects of patch size,
isolation and regional abundance on forest bird communities.
Landscape Ecology, 4, 171–176.
Villard, M., Merriam, G. & Maurer, B.A. (1995) Dynamics in
subdivided populations of neotropical migratory birds in a
fragmented temperate forest. Ecology, 76, 26–40.
Williams, C.B. (1964) Patterns in the balance of nature.
Academic Press, London.
Yates, C.J. & Hobbs, R.J. (1997) Temperate eucalypt woodlands:
a review of their status, processes threatening their
persistence and techniques for restoration. Australian Journal
of Botany, 45, 949–973.
" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="MacDonald, M. and Kirkpatrick, J.B. (2003) Explaining bird species composition and richness in eucalypt-dominated remnants in subhumid Tasmania. Journal of Biogeography, 30 (9). pp. 1415-1426. ISSN 0305-0270" name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2262/1/j-biogeography.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
<meta content="Explaining bird species composition and richness in eucalypt-dominated remnants in subhumid Tasmania" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="MacDonald, M." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Kirkpatrick, J.B." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="270799 Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="Aim:
To determine the factors influencing the distribution of birds in remnants in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Location
Forty-seven eucalypt remnants and six sites in continuous forest in the subhumid Midlands region of Tasmania, Australia. Methods:
Sites were censused over a two-year period, and environmental data were collected for remnants. The avifauna of the sites was classified and ordinated. The abundances of bird species, and bird species composition, richness, abundance and diversity were related to environmental variables, using simple correlation and modelling. Results:
There were two distinct groups of sample sites, which sharply differed in species composition, richness, diversity and bird abundance, separated on the presence/absence of noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala Latham) colonies, remnant size, vegetation structural attributes and variables that reflected disturbance history. The approximate remnant size threshold for the change from one group to another was 20–30 ha. Remnant species richness and diversity were most strongly explained by remnant area and noisy miner abundance, with contributions from structural and isolation attributes in the second case. Segment richness was explained by precipitation, logging history and noisy miner abundance. Bird abundance was positively related to precipitation and negatively related to tree dieback. The 28 individual bird species models were highly individualistic, with vegetation structural variables, noisy miner abundance, climatic variables, variables related to isolation, area, variables related to floristics, disturbance variables, the nature of the matrix and remnant shape all being components in declining order of incidence. Age of the remnant did not relate to any of the dependent variables. Main conclusions:
Degraded and small remnants may have become more distinct in their avifaunal characteristics than might otherwise be the case, as a result of the establishment of colonies of an aggressive native bird, the noisy miner. The area, isolation and shape of remnants directly relate to the abundance of relatively few species, compared to vegetation attributes, climate and the abundance of the noisy miner. The nature of the matrix is important in the response of some species to fragmentation. " name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2003-09" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2262/1/j-biogeography.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00927.x" name="DC.relation" />
<meta content="MacDonald, M. and Kirkpatrick, J.B. (2003) Explaining bird species composition and richness in eucalypt-dominated remnants in subhumid Tasmania. Journal of Biogeography, 30 (9). pp. 1415-1426. ISSN 0305-0270" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2262/" name="DC.relation" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-2262.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-2262.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-2262.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-2262.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/DC/epprod-eprint-2262.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/DIDL/epprod-eprint-2262.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/EndNote/epprod-eprint-2262.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/HTML/epprod-eprint-2262.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/METS/epprod-eprint-2262.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/MODS/epprod-eprint-2262.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/RIS/epprod-eprint-2262.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/Refer/epprod-eprint-2262.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/Simple/epprod-eprint-2262text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/Text/epprod-eprint-2262.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2262/XML/epprod-eprint-2262.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
<div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>
<table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
<!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
<tr>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
<td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
<td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
<td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
<form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
<input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
<input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
<input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
</form>
</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
<div align="center">
<table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Explaining bird species composition and richness in eucalypt-dominated remnants in subhumid Tasmania</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">MacDonald, M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Kirkpatrick, J.B.</span> (2003) <xhtml:em>Explaining bird species composition and richness in eucalypt-dominated remnants in subhumid Tasmania.</xhtml:em> Journal of Biogeography, 30 (9). pp. 1415-1426. ISSN 0305-0270</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2262/1/j-biogeography.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2262/1/j-biogeography.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />155Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="2848" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00927.x">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00927.x</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Aim:
To determine the factors influencing the distribution of birds in remnants in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Location
Forty-seven eucalypt remnants and six sites in continuous forest in the subhumid Midlands region of Tasmania, Australia. Methods:
Sites were censused over a two-year period, and environmental data were collected for remnants. The avifauna of the sites was classified and ordinated. The abundances of bird species, and bird species composition, richness, abundance and diversity were related to environmental variables, using simple correlation and modelling. Results:
There were two distinct groups of sample sites, which sharply differed in species composition, richness, diversity and bird abundance, separated on the presence/absence of noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala Latham) colonies, remnant size, vegetation structural attributes and variables that reflected disturbance history. The approximate remnant size threshold for the change from one group to another was 20–30 ha. Remnant species richness and diversity were most strongly explained by remnant area and noisy miner abundance, with contributions from structural and isolation attributes in the second case. Segment richness was explained by precipitation, logging history and noisy miner abundance. Bird abundance was positively related to precipitation and negatively related to tree dieback. The 28 individual bird species models were highly individualistic, with vegetation structural variables, noisy miner abundance, climatic variables, variables related to isolation, area, variables related to floristics, disturbance variables, the nature of the matrix and remnant shape all being components in declining order of incidence. Age of the remnant did not relate to any of the dependent variables. Main conclusions:
Degraded and small remnants may have become more distinct in their avifaunal characteristics than might otherwise be the case, as a result of the establishment of colonies of an aggressive native bird, the noisy miner. The area, isolation and shape of remnants directly relate to the abundance of relatively few species, compared to vegetation attributes, climate and the abundance of the noisy miner. The nature of the matrix is important in the response of some species to fragmentation. </p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Habitat fragmentation, agricultural landscapes, bird species richness, noisy miner,
competition, eucalypt remnants, urban remnants, Tasmania</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270799.html">270000 Biological Sciences > 270700 Ecology and Evolution > 270799 Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2262</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Professor J.B. Kirkpatrick</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">01 Nov 2007 14:15</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2262;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2262">item control page</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
<table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
<tr valign="top">
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
© University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
<a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td>
<td width="32%"><div align="right">
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
</a></p>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><p> </p></td>
<td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
<div align="center"></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
