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    <title>UTas ePrints - Influence of the gibberellin-sensitive Rht8 dwarfing gene on leaf epidermal cell dimensions and early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)</title>
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    <meta content="Botwright, Tina L." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Rebetzke, G.J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Condon, A.G." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Richards, R.A." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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<meta content="Influence of the gibberellin-sensitive Rht8 dwarfing gene on leaf epidermal cell dimensions and early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="300203" name="eprints.subjects" />
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<meta content="Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., gibberellic acid, leaf epidermal cells, doubled-haploids, early vigour, leaf area,
alternative dwarfing genes." name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="Background and Aims The gibberellin-insensitive Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes are known to reduce the
size of cells in culms, leaves and coleoptiles of wheat. Resulting leaf area development of gibberellin-insensitive
wheats is poor compared to standard height (Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a) genotypes. Alternative dwarfing genes to
Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are available that reduce plant height, such as the gibberellin-responsive Rht8 gene. This study
aims to investigate if Rht8 has a similar dwarfing effect on the size of leaf cells to reduce leaf area.
 Methods The effect of Rht8 on cell size and leaf area was assessed in four types of epidermal cells (interstomatal,
long, sister and bulliform) measured on leaf 2 of standard height (rht8) and semi-dwarf (Rht8) doubled-haploid lines
(DHLs). The DHLs were derived from a cross between very vigorous, standard height (rht8) (‘Vigour18’) and less
vigorous, semi-dwarf (Rht8) (’Chuan-Mai 180) parents.
 Key Results Large differences were observed in seedling vigour between the parents, where ‘Vigour18’ had a much
greater plant leaf area than ‘Chuan-Mai 18’. Accordingly, ‘Vigour18’ had on average longer, wider and more
epidermal cells and cell files than ‘Chuan-Mai 18’. Although there was correspondingly large genotypic variation
among DHLs for these traits, the contrast between semi-dwarf Rht8 and tall rht8 DHLs revealed no difference in the
size of leaf 2 or average cell characteristics. Hence, these traits were independent of plant height and therefore Rht8
in the DHLs. Correlations for leaf and average cell size across DHLs revealed a strong and positive relationship
between leaf width and cell files, while the relationships between leaf and cell width, and leaf and cell length were
not statistically different. The relative contribution of the four cell types (long, sister, interstomatal and bulliform)
to leaf size in the parents, comparative controls and DHLs is discussed.
 Conclusions Despite a large range in early vigour among the DHLs, none of the DHLs attained the leaf area or
epidermal cell sizeandnumbersof the vigorous rht8 parent. Nonetheless, the potential exists to increase the early vigour
of semi-dwarf wheats by using GA-sensitive dwarfing genes such as Rht8." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2005" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Annals of Botany" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="95" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="4" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="631-639" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1093/aob/mci069" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0305-7364" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci069" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Allan RE. 1989. Agronomic comparisons between Rht1 and Rht2 semidwarf
genes in winter wheat. Crop Science 29: 1103–1108.
Allan RE, Vogel O, Burleigh J, Peterson C. 1961. Inheritance of
coleoptile length and its association with culm length in four winter
wheat crosses. Crop Science 1: 328–332.
Beemster GTS, Masle J. 1996. Effects of soil resistance to root penetration
on leaf expansion in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): composition,
number and size of epidermal cells in mature blades. Journal of
Experimental Botany 47: 1651–1662.
Botwright T, Condon AG, Rebetzke GJ, Richards RA. 2002. Field
evaluation of early vigour for genetic improvement of grain yield in
wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53: 1137–1145.
Botwright T, Rebetzke G, Condon T, Richards R. 2001. The effect of rht
genotype and temperature on coleoptile growth and dry matter partitioning
in young wheat seedlings. Australian Journal of Plant
Physiology 28: 417–423.
Condon AG, Richards RA, Rebetzke GJ, Farquhar GD. 2002. Improving
intrinsic water-use efficiency and crop yield. Crop Science 42:
122–131.
Ellis MH, Rebetzke G, Chandler P, Bonnett D, Spielmeyer W,
Richards R. 2004. The effect of different height reducing genes on
early growth of wheat. Functional Plant Biology 31: 583–589.
Gale MD, Youssefian S. 1985. Dwarfing genes in wheat. In: Russell GE, ed.
Progress in plant breeding – 1. London: Butterworths, 1–35.
Hoogendoorn J, Rickson JM, Gale MD. 1990. Differences in leaf and
stem anatomy related to plant height of tall and dwarf wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 136: 72–77.
Keyes G, Sorrells ME, Setter TL. 1990. Gibberellic acid regulates cell
wall extensibility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiology
92: 242–245.
Keyes GJ, Paolillo DJ Jr, Sorrells ME. 1989. The effects of dwarfing
genes Rht1 and Rht2 on cellular dimensions and rate of leaf
elongation in wheat. Annals of Botany 64: 683–690.
Lo´pez-Casta~neda C, Richards RA, Farquhar GD, Williamson RE.
1996. Seed and seedling characteristics contributing to variation in
early vigour among temperate cereals. Crop Science 36: 1257–1266.
Moore C, Rebetzke G, Richards R, Marshall D. 2001. Genetic variation
for embryo size and its influence on early vigour in wheat. In:
Eastwood R, ed. Proceedings of the 10th Australian Wheat Breeders
Assembly, Mildura, Horsham: Victorian Department of Agriculture
177–180.
Rebetzke G, Botwright T, Moore C, Richards R, Condon AG. 2004.
Genotypic variation in specific leaf area for genetic improvement of
early vigour in wheat. Field Crops Research 88: 179–189.
Rebetzke GJ, Richards RA. 1999. Genetic improvement of early vigour in
wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50: 291–301.
Rebetzke GJ, Richards RA. 2000. Gibberellic acid-sensitive dwarfing
genes reduce plant height to increase kernel number and grain
yield of wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51:
235–245.
Rebetzke GJ, Richards RA, Fischer VM, Mickelson BJ. 1999. Breeding
long coleoptile, reduced height wheats. Euphytica 106: 159–168.
Richards R, Lucaks Z. 2002. Seedling vigour in wheat–sources of variation
for genetic and agronomic improvement. Australian Journal of
Agricultural Research 53: 41–50.
Richards RA, Townley-Smith TF. 1987. Variation in leaf area
development and its effect on water use, yield and harvest index of
droughted wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38:
983–992.
SAS. 1990. SAS/STAT user’s guide, Version 6, Ed 4 Vol 1. Cary, NC: SAS
Institute Inc.
Tonkinson CL, Lyndon RF, Arnold GM, Lenton JR. 1995. Effect of the
Rht3 dwarfing gene on dynamics of cell extension in wheat leaves, and
its modification by gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol. Journal of
Experimental Botany 46: 1085–1092.
Wenzel CL, Chandler PM, Cunningham RB, Passioura JB. 1997a.
Characterization of the leaf epidermis of barley (Hordeum vulgare
L. ‘Himalaya’). Annals of Botany 79: 41–46.
Wenzel CL, Chandler PM, Cunningham RB, Passioura JB. 1997b.
Comparative leaf epidermal anatomy of mutants of barley (Hordeum
vulgare L. ‘Himalaya’) which differ in leaf length. Annals of Botany
79: 47–52" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Botwright, Tina L. and Rebetzke, G.J. and Condon, A.G. and Richards, R.A. (2005) Influence of the gibberellin-sensitive Rht8 dwarfing gene on leaf epidermal cell dimensions and early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Annals of Botany, 95 (4). pp. 631-639. ISSN 0305-7364" name="eprints.citation" />
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<meta content="Influence of the gibberellin-sensitive Rht8 dwarfing gene on leaf epidermal cell dimensions and early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Botwright, Tina L." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Rebetzke, G.J." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Condon, A.G." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Richards, R.A." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="300203 Plant Improvement (Selection, Breeding and Genetic Engineering)" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="Background and Aims The gibberellin-insensitive Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes are known to reduce the
size of cells in culms, leaves and coleoptiles of wheat. Resulting leaf area development of gibberellin-insensitive
wheats is poor compared to standard height (Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a) genotypes. Alternative dwarfing genes to
Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are available that reduce plant height, such as the gibberellin-responsive Rht8 gene. This study
aims to investigate if Rht8 has a similar dwarfing effect on the size of leaf cells to reduce leaf area.
 Methods The effect of Rht8 on cell size and leaf area was assessed in four types of epidermal cells (interstomatal,
long, sister and bulliform) measured on leaf 2 of standard height (rht8) and semi-dwarf (Rht8) doubled-haploid lines
(DHLs). The DHLs were derived from a cross between very vigorous, standard height (rht8) (‘Vigour18’) and less
vigorous, semi-dwarf (Rht8) (’Chuan-Mai 180) parents.
 Key Results Large differences were observed in seedling vigour between the parents, where ‘Vigour18’ had a much
greater plant leaf area than ‘Chuan-Mai 18’. Accordingly, ‘Vigour18’ had on average longer, wider and more
epidermal cells and cell files than ‘Chuan-Mai 18’. Although there was correspondingly large genotypic variation
among DHLs for these traits, the contrast between semi-dwarf Rht8 and tall rht8 DHLs revealed no difference in the
size of leaf 2 or average cell characteristics. Hence, these traits were independent of plant height and therefore Rht8
in the DHLs. Correlations for leaf and average cell size across DHLs revealed a strong and positive relationship
between leaf width and cell files, while the relationships between leaf and cell width, and leaf and cell length were
not statistically different. The relative contribution of the four cell types (long, sister, interstomatal and bulliform)
to leaf size in the parents, comparative controls and DHLs is discussed.
 Conclusions Despite a large range in early vigour among the DHLs, none of the DHLs attained the leaf area or
epidermal cell sizeandnumbersof the vigorous rht8 parent. Nonetheless, the potential exists to increase the early vigour
of semi-dwarf wheats by using GA-sensitive dwarfing genes such as Rht8." name="DC.description" />
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<meta content="Botwright, Tina L. and Rebetzke, G.J. and Condon, A.G. and Richards, R.A. (2005) Influence of the gibberellin-sensitive Rht8 dwarfing gene on leaf epidermal cell dimensions and early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Annals of Botany, 95 (4). pp. 631-639. ISSN 0305-7364" name="DC.identifier" />
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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Influence of the gibberellin-sensitive Rht8 dwarfing gene on leaf epidermal cell dimensions and early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Botwright, Tina L.</span> and <span class="person_name">Rebetzke, G.J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Condon, A.G.</span> and <span class="person_name">Richards, R.A.</span> (2005) <xhtml:em>Influence of the gibberellin-sensitive Rht8 dwarfing gene on leaf epidermal cell dimensions and early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).</xhtml:em> Annals of Botany, 95 (4). pp. 631-639. ISSN 0305-7364</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2487/1/Botwright_Ann_Bot.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2487/1/Botwright_Ann_Bot.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />284Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3267" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci069">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci069</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Background and Aims The gibberellin-insensitive Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes are known to reduce the&#13;
size of cells in culms, leaves and coleoptiles of wheat. Resulting leaf area development of gibberellin-insensitive&#13;
wheats is poor compared to standard height (Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a) genotypes. Alternative dwarfing genes to&#13;
Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are available that reduce plant height, such as the gibberellin-responsive Rht8 gene. This study&#13;
aims to investigate if Rht8 has a similar dwarfing effect on the size of leaf cells to reduce leaf area.&#13;
 Methods The effect of Rht8 on cell size and leaf area was assessed in four types of epidermal cells (interstomatal,&#13;
long, sister and bulliform) measured on leaf 2 of standard height (rht8) and semi-dwarf (Rht8) doubled-haploid lines&#13;
(DHLs). The DHLs were derived from a cross between very vigorous, standard height (rht8) (‘Vigour18’) and less&#13;
vigorous, semi-dwarf (Rht8) (’Chuan-Mai 180) parents.&#13;
 Key Results Large differences were observed in seedling vigour between the parents, where ‘Vigour18’ had a much&#13;
greater plant leaf area than ‘Chuan-Mai 18’. Accordingly, ‘Vigour18’ had on average longer, wider and more&#13;
epidermal cells and cell files than ‘Chuan-Mai 18’. Although there was correspondingly large genotypic variation&#13;
among DHLs for these traits, the contrast between semi-dwarf Rht8 and tall rht8 DHLs revealed no difference in the&#13;
size of leaf 2 or average cell characteristics. Hence, these traits were independent of plant height and therefore Rht8&#13;
in the DHLs. Correlations for leaf and average cell size across DHLs revealed a strong and positive relationship&#13;
between leaf width and cell files, while the relationships between leaf and cell width, and leaf and cell length were&#13;
not statistically different. The relative contribution of the four cell types (long, sister, interstomatal and bulliform)&#13;
to leaf size in the parents, comparative controls and DHLs is discussed.&#13;
 Conclusions Despite a large range in early vigour among the DHLs, none of the DHLs attained the leaf area or&#13;
epidermal cell sizeandnumbersof the vigorous rht8 parent. Nonetheless, the potential exists to increase the early vigour&#13;
of semi-dwarf wheats by using GA-sensitive dwarfing genes such as Rht8.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., gibberellic acid, leaf epidermal cells, doubled-haploids, early vigour, leaf area,&#13;
alternative dwarfing genes.</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300203.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences &gt; 300200 Crop and Pasture Production &gt; 300203 Plant Improvement (Selection, Breeding and Genetic Engineering)</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2487</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Tina LB Acuna</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">16 Nov 2007 14:40</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2487;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2487">item control page</a></p>
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