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    <title>UTas ePrints - Generating best evidence from qualitative research: the role of data analysis</title>
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    <meta content="Green, Julie" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Willis, Karen" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Hughes, Emma" name="eprints.creators_name" />
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<meta content="2007-12-13 03:59:04" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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<meta content="Generating best evidence from qualitative research: the role of data analysis" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="Qualitative research; data
analysis; interviews; evidence; theory." name="eprints.keywords" />
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<meta content="Objective: To outline the importance of
the clarity of data analysis in the doing and
reporting of interview-based qualitative
research.
Approach: We explore the clear links
between data analysis and evidence.
We argue that transparency in the data
analysis process is integral to determining
the evidence that is generated. Data
analysis must occur concurrently with
data collection and comprises an ongoing
process of ‘testing the fit’ between the
data collected and analysis. We discuss
four steps in the process of thematic data
analysis: immersion, coding, categorising
and generation of themes.
Conclusion: Rigorous and systematic
analysis of qualitative data is integral to
the production of high-quality research.
Studies that give an explicit account of the
data analysis process provide insights into
how conclusions are reached while studies
that explain themes anchored to data and
theory produce the strongest evidence." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2007" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Austalian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="31" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="6" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="545-550" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00141.x" name="eprints.id_number" />
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<meta content="1. Becker S, Bryman A, Sempik J. Defining ‘Quality’ in Social Policy Research:
Views, Perceptions and a Framework for Discussion [publications page on the
Internet]. Suffolk (UK): Social Policy Association; 2006 [cited 2006 Aug 9].
Available from: http://www.social-policy.com/documents/spaquality06.pdf
2. Spencer L, Ritchie J, Lewis J, Dillon L. Quality in Qualitative Evaluation: a
Framework for Assessing Research Evidence. London (UK): The Government
Chief Social Researcher’s Office; 2003.
3. Sandelowski M, Barroso J. Classifying the findings of qualitative studies. Qual
Health Res. 2003;13:905-23.
4. Daly J, Willis K, Small R, Green J, et al. Assessing qualitative research in health
– a hierarchy of evidence-for-practice, J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:43-9.
5. Ezzy D. Qualitative Analysis: Practice and Innovation. Sydney (AUST): Allen
&amp; Unwin; 2002.
6. Willis K, Daly J, Kealy M, Small R, et al. The essential role of social theory
in qualitative public health research. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2007;31(5):
438-43.
7. Gibbs L, Kealy M, Willis K, Green J, et al. What have sampling and data
collection got to do with good qualitative research? Aust N Z J Public Health.
2007;31(6)540-4.
8. Neuman WL. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches. 4th ed. Boston (MA): Allyn &amp; Bacon; 2006. p. 458.
9. Frank A. The Wounded Story Teller: Body, Illness and Ethics. Chicago (ILL):
University of Chicago Press; 1995.
10. Gillen J, Petersen A. Discourse analysis. In: Somekh B, Lewin C, editors.
Research Methods in the Social Sciences. London (UK): Sage; 2005.
11. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS. The discipline and practice of qualitative research.
In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, editors. Handbook of Qualitative Research. 2nd
ed. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage; 2000. p. 1-28.
12. Rapley T. Interviews. In: Seale C, Gobo G, Gubrium J, Silverman D, editor.
Qualitative Research Practice. London (UK): Sage; 2004. p. 15-33.
13. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, editors. Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. Thousands
Oaks (CA): Sage; 2003.
14. Silverman D, editor. Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice.
London (UK): Sage; 2004.
15. Minichiello V, Aroni R, Timewell E, Alexander L. In-depth Interviewing:
Principles, Techniques, Analysis. Melbourne (AUST): Longman; 1995.
16. Sandelowski M, Barroso J. Writing the proposal for a qualitative research
methodology project. Qual Health Res. 2003;13(6):781-820.
17. Morse J. A review committee’s guide for evaluating qualitative proposals. Qual
Health Res. 2003;13(6):833-51.
18. Silverman D. Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analyzing Talk, Text
and Interaction. London (UK): Sage; 2006.
19. Malterud K. Qualitative research: standards, challenges and guidelines. Lancet.
2001;(358)11:483-8.
20. Rapley T. Interviews. In: Seale C, Gobo G, Gubrium J, Silverman D, editors.
Qualitative Research Practice. London (UK): Sage; 2004: p. 16.
21. Daly J, McDonald I, Willis E. Why don’t you ask them? A qualitative research
framework for investigating the diagnosis of cardiac normality. In: Daly J,
McDonald I, Willis E, editors. Researching Health Care: Designs, Dilemmas,
Disciplines. London (UK): Routledge; 1992. p. 189-206.
22. The Oxford English Dictionary Online [homepage on the Internet]. 2nd ed.
Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 1989 [cited 2007 April 18]. Available
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23. Hunter A, Lusardi P, Zucker D, Jacelon D, et al. Making meaning: The creative
component in qualitative research. Qual Health Res. 2002;12(3):388-98.
24. Ryan G, Russell BH. Data management and analysis methods. In: Denzin NK,
Lincoln YS, editors. Handbook of Qualitative Research. 2nd ed. Thousands
Oaks (CA): Sage; 2000. p. 769-802.
25. Glaser B. Theoretical Sensitivity. Mill Valley (CA): Sociology Press; 1978.
26. Bradley EH, Curry LA, Devers KJ. Qualitative data analysis for health
services research: developing taxonomy, themes and theory. Health Serv Res.
2007;42(4):1758-72.
27. Huberman A, Miles M. Data Management and Analysis Methods. In: Denzin
NK, Lincoln YS, editors. Handbook of Qualitative Research. 1st ed. Thousand
Oaks (CA): Sage; 1994.
28. Porter M, Bhattacharya S, van Teijlingen E. Unfulfilled expectations: How
circumstances impinge on women’s reproductive choices. Soc Sci Med.
2006;62:1757-67.
29. Hepworth J, Murtagh M. Correct procedures and cutting corners: a qualitative
study of women’s occupational health and safety in a beauty therapy industry.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2005;29:555-7.
30. McDonald IG, Daly J, Jelinek VM, Panetta F, Gutman JM. Opening Pandora’s
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31. Pope C, Ziebland S, Mays N. Qualitative research in health care: Analysing
qualitative data. Br Med J. 2000;320(7227):114-16.
32. Everingham C, Heading G, Connor L. Couples experiences of postnatal
depression: A framing analysis of cultural identity, gender and communication.
Soc Sci Med. 2006;62:1745-56.
33. Silverman D. Telling convincing stories. In: Glassner B, Moreno J, editors.
The Qualitative-Quantitative Distinction in the Social Sciences. London (UK):
Kluwer; 1989. p. 57-77.
34. Corbin J, Strauss A. Managing chronic illness at home: Three lines of work.
Qualitative Sociology. 1985;8(3):224-47.
35. Potts A, Gavey N, Grace VM, Vares T. The downside of Viagra: women’s
experiences and concerns. Sociol Health Illn. 2003;25(7):697-719.
36. Barbour R. Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: a case of
the tail wagging the dog? Br Med J. 2001;322:1115-17." name="eprints.referencetext" />
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<meta content="Objective: To outline the importance of
the clarity of data analysis in the doing and
reporting of interview-based qualitative
research.
Approach: We explore the clear links
between data analysis and evidence.
We argue that transparency in the data
analysis process is integral to determining
the evidence that is generated. Data
analysis must occur concurrently with
data collection and comprises an ongoing
process of ‘testing the fit’ between the
data collected and analysis. We discuss
four steps in the process of thematic data
analysis: immersion, coding, categorising
and generation of themes.
Conclusion: Rigorous and systematic
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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Generating best evidence from qualitative research: the role of data analysis</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Green, Julie</span> and <span class="person_name">Willis, Karen</span> and <span class="person_name">Hughes, Emma</span> and <span class="person_name">Small, Rhonda</span> and <span class="person_name">Welch, Nicky</span> and <span class="person_name">Gibbs, Lisa</span> and <span class="person_name">Daly, Jeanne</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Generating best evidence from qualitative research: the role of data analysis.</xhtml:em> Austalian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 31 (6). pp. 545-550. ISSN 1326-0200</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2671/1/Green_et_al_Analysis_paper_ANZJPH.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2671/1/Green_et_al_Analysis_paper_ANZJPH.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />240Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3529" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00141.x">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00141.x</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Objective: To outline the importance of&#13;
the clarity of data analysis in the doing and&#13;
reporting of interview-based qualitative&#13;
research.&#13;
Approach: We explore the clear links&#13;
between data analysis and evidence.&#13;
We argue that transparency in the data&#13;
analysis process is integral to determining&#13;
the evidence that is generated. Data&#13;
analysis must occur concurrently with&#13;
data collection and comprises an ongoing&#13;
process of ‘testing the fit’ between the&#13;
data collected and analysis. We discuss&#13;
four steps in the process of thematic data&#13;
analysis: immersion, coding, categorising&#13;
and generation of themes.&#13;
Conclusion: Rigorous and systematic&#13;
analysis of qualitative data is integral to&#13;
the production of high-quality research.&#13;
Studies that give an explicit account of the&#13;
data analysis process provide insights into&#13;
how conclusions are reached while studies&#13;
that explain themes anchored to data and&#13;
theory produce the strongest evidence.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">"The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com"&#13;
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Qualitative research; data&#13;
analysis; interviews; evidence; theory.</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/321200.html">320000 Medical and Health Sciences &gt; 321200 Public Health and Health Services</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/370000.html">370000 Studies in Human Society</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2671</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Karen Willis</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">13 Dec 2007 14:59</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2671;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2671">item control page</a></p>
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