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<meta content="Australia will include the Australian Antarctic Territory in its November 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. It is the first Claimant State to attempt delimitation of an extended continental shelf zone there. This paper investigates the complexity of Australia's Antarctic maritime boundaries from political, legal and practical perspectives that have hitherto been purely hypothetical. It concludes that the practical component is achievable, though complex, and will serve as a precedent for other Antarctic Claimant States. Irrespective of whether or not the submission succeeds, it will serve as a valuable lesson, legally and politically." name="eprints.abstract" />
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1. Commonwealth of Australia. Australia's oceans policy. Canberra: Environment Australia, 1998.
2. A. Bergin and M. Haward, Current legal developments: Australia: Australia's new oceans policy. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 14 3 (1999), pp. 387–398. Full Text via CrossRef
3. Commonwealth of Australia. Oceans policy: an issues paper for public comment. Canberra: Environment Australia, 1998. p. 28.
4. Commonwealth of Australia. Australia's oceans policy: international agreements, background paper 2. Canberra: Department of the Environment, 1997.
5. S. Kaye. Australia's maritime boundaries, Centre for Maritime Policy, Wollongong (1995).
6. J.A. Green, Antarctic EEZ baselines: an alternative formula. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 11 3 (1996), pp. 333–350. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (5)
7. Barnsley M. A book of wit and humour. London: Pan Books, 1960. p. 28–32.
8. Francioni F, Scovazzi T, editors. International Law for Antarctica. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1996.
9. S.K.N. Blay and B.M. Tsamenyi, Australia and the convention for the regulation of mineral resource activities (CRAMRA). Polar Record 26 158 (1990), pp. 195–202. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (2)
10. J.A. Roach, Marine scientific research and the new law of the sea. Ocean Development and International Law 27 (1996), pp. 59–72. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (6)
11. Nichols D. et al. Developments with Antarctic microorganisms: culture collections, bioactivity screening, taxonomy, PUFA production and cold adapted enzymes. Current Options in Biotechnology 1999;10:240–6.
12. D.R. Rothwell and S. Kaye, Law of the sea and the polar regions. Marine Policy 18 (1994), p. 41. Abstract | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (3)
13. Warner RC, Budd WF. Modelling the long-term response of the Antarctic ice sheet to global warming. Annals of Glaciology 1998;27:161–68 (Original © International Glaciological Society).
14. C.C. Joyner. Antarctica and the Law of the Sea, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht (1992).
15. R. Friedheim, The Regime of the Arctic — distributional or integrative bargaining?. Ocean Development and International Law 19 (1988), p. 494.
16. K. Shusterich, International jurisdictional issues in the Arctic Ocean. Ocean Development and International Law 14 (1984), p. 255.
Correspondence address. Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-77, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Tel.: +61-3-6226-2978; fax: +61-3-6226-2973; email: julia.green@utas.edu.au
1 Background and overview of the new Oceans Policy is in [2].
2 The hierarchical layering of marine biological diversity, according to Environment Australia, is, from the top down: communities/assemblages:habitats:ecosystems:regions:provinces/large marine regions and each level is infused with the one above [3].
3 The principal elements of the System are the Antarctic Treaty, 402 U.N.T.S. 71 (1959); the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, 11 I.L.M. 251 (1972); the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 19 I.L.M. 827 (1980) and the Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, 30 I.L.M. 1455 (1991). The System also includes a minerals convention that did not enter into force, and a range of internal regulations which are the products of Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings held annually.
4 Australia's Antarctic Program strategic directives available at Internet URL http://www.antdiv.gov.au/program/outputs.html.
5 A comprehensive overview of Australia's position is contained within [5].
6 AUSLIG (2000), Australian Surveying and Land Information Group (cited 5 July 2000). Available from Internet: URL: http://www.auslig.gov.au/corpinfo/program/marbound/status.htm.
7 The Australian Antarctic Territory was ceded to Australia by Britain and accepted through the Antarctic Territory Acceptance Act of 1933. A description is contained in Section 2: “That part of the territory in the Antarctic seas which comprises all the islands and territories, other than Adelie Land, situated south of the 60th degree south latitude and lying between the 160th degree east longitude and the 45th degree east longitude, is hereby declared to be accepted by the Commonwealth as a Territory under the authority of the Commonwealth, by the name of the Australian Antarctic Territory.”
8 Joint Media Release: Senator Hill, Minister for the Environment and Heritage, Senator Downer, Minister for Foreign Affairs, dated 2 December 1999.
9 Their web sites provide appropriate background information. Internet URLs are: http://www.auslig.gov.au and http://www.agso.gov.au.
10 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (LOSC), 33 I.L.M. 1309 (1994).
11 The other claimants are Norway, Chile, Argentina, United Kingdom, New Zealand and France, none of which have proclaimed Antarctic territorial sea baselines.
12 UN Doc. CLCS/3/Rev.2, 4 September 1998.
13 ICJ: Case Concerning East Timor [Portugal v. Australia] 1995. Judgment: Para. 22. For a cautionary note about differences of degree derogating from principle, and on the question of fact, see Rumpelheimer v. Haddock, allegorised as “Port to Port” by A.P. Herbert and reproduced in [7].
14 Modern interpretations of the status of the Antarctic Treaty System from an international legal perspective can be found in [8].
15 Australia and Japan have “locked horns” at various times over Japanese scientific whaling activities offshore AAT.
16 Antarctic Treaty (Environment Protection) Act 1980 (as amended), Section 19B.
17 See for example the academic discussion in [8 and 12].
18 The pair is part of a sequence modelled and provided by Roland C. Warner, Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, and re-worked by him to include lines indicating the limits of Antarctic territorial claims; for the original see [13].
19 Information on GEBCO is available on the Internet through URL http://www.pol.ac.uk/bodc/gebco/geb97r2.html.
20 Information on the SCAR database is available on the Internet through URL http://www.scar.org/publications/ant_digital_database.html.
21 This indicative map was prepared by Rick Smith and adapted by Lisette Robertson, both at the Antarctic CRC, University of Tasmania.
22 Both Friedheim and Shusterich caution against assuming acceptance of the sector principle and its actual value in guiding Arctic jurisdiction (see [15 and 16]).
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Australian Maritime Boundaries: the Australian Antarctic Territory</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Green, Julia</span> (2001) <xhtml:em>Australian Maritime Boundaries: the Australian Antarctic Territory.</xhtml:em> Marine Policy, 25 (1). pp. 1-11. ISSN 0308-597X</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_3531' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2673/1/GreenJ_1.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_3531' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_3531"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2673/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2673/1/GreenJ_1.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />826Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(00)00028-2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(00)00028-2</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Australia will include the Australian Antarctic Territory in its November 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. It is the first Claimant State to attempt delimitation of an extended continental shelf zone there. This paper investigates the complexity of Australia's Antarctic maritime boundaries from political, legal and practical perspectives that have hitherto been purely hypothetical. It concludes that the practical component is achievable, though complex, and will serve as a precedent for other Antarctic Claimant States. Irrespective of whether or not the submission succeeds, it will serve as a valuable lesson, legally and politically.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Maritime boundaries; Australian Antarctic Territory; Extended continental shelf; Law of Sea </td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/390111.html">390000 Law, Justice and Law Enforcement > 390100 Law > 390111 International Law</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2673</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Julia Jabour</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">12 Dec 2007 08:35</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2673;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2673">item control page</a></p>
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