<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>UTas ePrints - Mean flow, eddy variability and energetics of the Subantarctic Front south of Australia</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
<style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
<link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
<link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
<meta content="Phillips, Helen E." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="h.e.phillips@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="thesis" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-03-07" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
<meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
<meta content="Mean flow, eddy variability and energetics of the Subantarctic Front south of Australia" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="unpub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="260403" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="public" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content="Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Subantarctic Front
current meter
velocity
heat
momentum
flux
" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="This thesis describes the variability and mean flow of the Subantarctic Front
(SAF) south of Australia using time series measurements of velocity and
temperature from 1993 to 1995, and six hydrographic transects along WOCE
line SR3 from Tasmania to Antarctica over the period 1991 to 1996. The SAF
is the strongest jet of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) south of
Australia. The time series of velocity and temperature are only the third such
dataset collected in the ACC and provide insight into the dynamics of this
massive current and into the heat and momentum balances of the Southern
Ocean.
The SAF was found to be an energetic, meandering jet with vertically coherent
fluctuations. These fluctuations varied on a timescale of 20 days, and had a
typical amplitude of 30 cm/s at 1150 dbar. The analysis used a coordinate
frame that rotated daily to be in alignment with the direction of flow. This
allowed the mesoscale variability of the SAF to be isolated from variability due
to meandering of the front and proved very successful for examining eddy
fluxes. Vertically averaged cross-stream eddy heat flux was 11.3 kW/m^2
poleward and was significantly different from zero at the 95% confidence level
for fluctuations with periods between 2 and 90 days. Zonally integrated, this
eddy heat flux (=0.9x10^15 W) is more than large enough to balance the heat
lost south of the Polar Front and is as large as cross-SAF fluxes found in Drake
Passage. Cross-stream eddy momentum fluxes were small and not significantly
different from zero but were tending to decelerate the mean flow. A relationship
between vertical motion and meander phase identified in the Gulf Stream was
found to hold for the SAF. Eddy kinetic energy levels were similar to those in
Drake Passage and southeast of New Zealand. Eddy potential energy was up to
an order of magnitude larger than at the other ACC sites, most likely because
meandering of the front is more common south of Australia. Baroclinic
conversion was found to be the dominant mechanism by which eddies grow
south of Australia. The typical time for the growth of an eddy is estimated to
be 30 days, approximately half that in Drake Passage. This is consistent with
observations from satellite altimetry which indicate that eddy energy is growing
rapidly downstream of the Australian measurement site, while the eddy field in
Drake Passage is mature.
Mean cross-stream profiles of absolute and baroclinic velocity in the SAF at five
current meter levels have been obtained from two streamwise profiling
techniques using specific volume anomaly at 780 dbar as the cross-stream
coordinate. One of the techniques, using hydrographic data to estimate the
baroclinic velocity profile, is presented for the first time. The mean SAF
velocity profile is composed of one central peak, reaching 52 and 34 cm/s at
420 dbar, absolute and baroclinic respectively, and several smaller peaks. The
SAF flow is coherent at all levels, reaches the sea floor, and is at least 220 km
wide. The cross-stream structure of baroclinic and absolute transport of the
SAF has been characterized for the first time. The integrated mean transport is
at least 116+/-10 x 10^6 m^3/s, of which approximately 14% is barotropic. The
linear conditions for baroclinic and barotropic instability are satisfied at the
array, consistent with the eddy growth rates calculated." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2000" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="158" name="eprints.pages" />
<meta content="University of Tasmania" name="eprints.institution" />
<meta content="Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies" name="eprints.department" />
<meta content="phd" name="eprints.thesis_type" />
<meta content="Belkin, I. M., 1990: Hydrological fronts of the Indian Subantarctic, in The Antarctic.
The committee reports., vol. 29, pp. 119{128, Nauka, Moscow, in Russian with
English abstract.
Bindo, N. L., and J. A. Church, 1992: Warming of the water column in the southwest
Pacic Ocean, Nature, 357, 59{62.
Bower, A. S., and N. G. Hogg, 1996: Structure of the Gulf Stream and its recirculations
at 55 W, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1002{1022.
Bryden, H. L., 1979: Poleward heat ux and conversion of available potential energy in
Drake Passage, J. Mar. Res., 37, 1{22.
Bryden, H. L., and R. A. Heath, 1985: Energetic eddies at the northern edge of the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Progr. Oceanogr., 14, 65{87.
Bryden, H. L., 1980: Geostrophic vorticity balance in midocean, J. Geophys. Res.,
85, 2825{2828.
Bryden, H. L., and R. D. Pillsbury, 1977: Variability of deep ow in the Drake Passage
from year-long current measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 803{810.
Cronin, M., K. L. Tracey and D. R. Watts, 1992: Mooring motion correction of the
SYNOP Central Array current meter data., GSO Tech. Rep. 92-4, University of
Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 114pp.
Cronin, M., and D. R. Watts, 1996: Eddy-mean ow interaction in the Gulf Stream at
68 W. Part I: Eddy energetics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2107{2131.
Deacon, G. E. R., 1937: The hydrology of the Southern Ocean, Discovery Reports,
15, 1{124, plates I{XLIV.
deSzoeke, R. A., and M. D. Levine, 1981: The advective ux of heat by mean
geostrophic motions in the Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 28A, 1057{1085.
Donohue, K., E. Firing and S. Chen, 2000: Absolute geostrophic velocity within the
Subantarctic Front in the Pacic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., Submitted.
Fandry, C. B., 1979: Baroclinic instability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in
Drake Passage, Ocean Modelling, 22, 8{9.
Georgi, D. T., and J. M. Toole, 1982: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the
oceanic heat and freshwater budgets, J. Mar. Res., 40, Suppl., 183{197.
Gill, A. E., 1968: A linear model of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Fluid
Mech., 32, 465{488.
Gill, A. E., J. S. Green and A. J. Simmons, 1974: Energy partition in the large-scale
ocean circulation and the production of mid-ocean eddies, Deep-Sea Res., 21,
449{528.
Gill, A. E., 1982: Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, Academic Press, First edition,
662pp.
Gille, S. T., 1997: The Southern Ocean momentum balance: evidence for topographic
eects from numerical model output and altimeter data, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27,
2219{2232.
Hall, M. M., 1986: Horizontal and vertical structure of the Gulf Stream velocity eld at
68 W, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1814{1828.
Hall, M. M., 1989: Velocity and transport structure of the Kuroshio Extension at 35 N
152 E, J. Geophys. Res., 94(C10), 14445{14459.
Hall, M. M., 1991: Energetics of the Kuroshio Extension at 35 N, 152 E, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 21, 958{975.
Hall, M. M., and H. L. Bryden, 1985: Proling the Gulf Stream with a current meter
mooring, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12(4), 203{206.
Hogg, N. G., 1986: On the correction of temperature and velocity time series for
mooring motion, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 3, 204{214.
Hogg, N. G., 1991: Mooring motion corrections revisited, J. Atmos. Ocean.
Technol., 8, 289{295.
Hogg, N. G., 1992: On the Gulf Stream transport between Cape Hatteras and the
Grand Banks, Deep-Sea Res., 39(7/8), 1231{1246.
Holton, J. R., 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Academic Press,
Third edition, 511pp.
Inoue, M., 1985: Modal decomposition of the low-frequency currents and baroclinic
instability at Drake Passage, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1157{1181.
Jacobs, S. S., and D. T. Georgi, 1977: Observations on the southwest Indian/Antarctic
Ocean, in A Voyage of Discovery, edited by M. Angel, pp. 43{84, Pergamon
Press.
Johns, W. E., T. J. Shay, J. M. Bane and D. R. Watts, 1995: Gulf Stream structure,
transport and recirculation near 68 W, J. Geophys. Res., 100(C1), 817{838.
Johnson, G. C., and H. L. Bryden, 1989: On the size of the Antarctic Circumpolar
Current, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 35{53.
Johnson, G. C., and A. H. Orsi, 1997: Southwest Pacic Ocean water-mass changes
between 1968/69 and 1990/91, J. Climate, 10, 306{316.
Le Traon, P. Y., F. Nadal and N. Ducet, 1998: An improved mapping method of
multi-satellite altimeter data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 25, 522{534.
Lindstrom, S. S., X. Qian and D. R. Watts, 1997: Vertical motion in the Gulf Stream
and its relation to meanders, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8485{8503.
Lindstrom, S. S., and D. R. Watts, 1994: Vertical motion in the Gulf Stream near
68 W, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2321{2333.
Marshall, J., and G. Shutts, 1981: A note on rotational and divergent eddy uxes, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1677{1680.
McCartney, M. S., 1976: The interaction of zonal currents with topography with
applications to the Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 23, 413{427.
McWilliams, J. C., W. R. Holland and J. H. S. Chow, 1978: A description of numerical
Antarctic Circumpolar Currents, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 2, 213{291.
Morrow, R., R. Coleman, J. Church and D. Chelton, 1994: Surface eddy momentum
ux and velocity variances in the Southern Ocean from Geosat altimetry, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 24, 2050{2071.
Munk, W. H., and E. Palmen, 1951: Note on the dynamics of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current, Tellus, 3, 53{55.
Nowlin, Jr., W. D., and M. Cliord, 1982: The kinematic and thermohaline zonation of
the Antarctic Circumpolar Current at Drake Passage, J. Mar. Res., 40, Suppl.,
481{507.
Nowlin, Jr., W. D., and J. M. Klinck, 1986: The physics of the Antarctic Circumpolar
Current, Rev. of Geophys., 24, 469{491.
Nowlin, Jr., W. D., T. Whitworth, III and R. D. Pillsbury, 1977: Structure and
transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current at Drake Passage from short-term
measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 788{802.
Nowlin, Jr., W. D., S. J. Worley and T. Whitworth, III, 1985: Methods for making
point estimates of eddy heat ux as applied to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current,
J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3305{3324.
Olbers, D., V. Gouretski, G. Sei and J. Schroter, 1992: Hydrographic atlas of the
Southern Ocean, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, 17pp.+82 plates.
Orsi, A. H., T. Whitworth, III and W. D. Nowlin, Jr., 1995: On the meridional extent
and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea Res., 42(5), 641{673.
Pedlosky, J., 1987: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Springer-Verlag, Second edition,
710pp.
Peterson, R. G., W. D. Nowlin, Jr. and T. Whitworth, III, 1982: Generation and
evolution of a cyclonic ring at Drake Passage in early 1979, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
12, 712{719.
Pillsbury, R. D., T. Whitworth, III, W. D. Nowlin, Jr. and F. Sciremammano, Jr.,
1979: Currents and temperatures as observed in Drake Passage during 1975, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 469{482.
Read, J. F., and R. T. Pollard, 1993: Structure and transport of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current and Agulhas Return Current at 40E, J. Geophys. Res.,
98(C7), 12,281{12,295.
Rintoul, S. R., 1998: On the origin and inuence of Adelie Land Bottom Water, in
Ocean, Ice and Atmosphere: Interactions at Antarctic Continental
Margin, vol. 75 of Antarctic Research Series, edited by S. S. Jacobs, and
R. Weiss, pp. 151{171, American Geophysical Union.
Rintoul, S. R., and J. L. Bullister, 1999: A late winter hydrographic section from
Tasmania to Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res., 46, 1417{1454.
Rintoul, S. R., J. R. Donguy and D. H. Roemmich, 1997: Seasonal evolution of upper
ocean thermal structure between Tasmania and Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res., 44,
1185{1202.
Rintoul, S. R., C. Hughes and D. Olbers, 2000a: The Antarctic Circumpolar System, in
Oceans and Climate, edited by G. Siedler, J. Church, and J. Gould, Academic
Press, In press.
Rintoul, S. R., and S. Sokolov, 2000: Baroclinic transport variability of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current south of Australia (WOCE repeat section SR3), J. Geophys.
Res., In press.
Rintoul, S. R., S. Sokolov and J. A. Church, 2000b: A six year record of baroclinic
transport variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current at 140E, derived from
XBT and altimeter measurements, J. Geophys. Res., Submitted.
Rosenberg, M., S. Bray, N. Bindo, S. Rintoul, N. Johnson, S. Bell and P. Towler,
1997: Aurora Australis marine science cruise AU9501, AU9604, and AU9601 -
Oceanographic eld measurements and analysis, inter-cruise comparisons and data
quality notes, Research Report 12, Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre,
Hobart, Australia.
Rosenberg, M., R. Eriksen, S. Bell, N. Bindo and S. Rintoul, 1995a: Aurora Australis
marine science cruise AU9407 - Oceanographic eld measurements and analysis,
Research Report 6, Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, Australia, 97
pp.
Rosenberg, M., R. Eriksen, S. Bell and S. Rintoul, 1996: Aurora Australis marine
science cruise AU9404 - Oceanographic eld measurements and analysis, Research
Report 8, Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, Australia, 53 pp.
Rosenberg, M., R. Eriksen and S. Rintoul, 1995b: Aurora Australis marine science
cruise AU9309/AU9391 - Oceanographic eld measurements and analysis, Research
Report 2, Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, Australia, 103 pp.
Schmitz, Jr., W. J., 1996: On the eddy eld in the Agulhas Retroection, with some
global considerations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,259{16,271.
Sciremammano, Jr., F., 1980: The nature of the poleward heat ux due to
low-frequency current uctuations in Drake Passage, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10,
843{852.
Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell, 1994: Bathymetric prediction from dense satellite
altimetry and sparse shipboard bathymetry, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21803{21824.
Speer, K., S. Rintoul and B. Sloyan, 1999: The diabatic Deacon cell, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., Submitted.
Stevens, D. P., and V. O. Ivchenko, 1997: The zonal momentum balance in an
eddy-resolving general-circulation model of the Southern Ocean, Quart. J. Roy.
Meteor. Soc., 123, 929{951.
Thompson, R. O. R. Y., 1983: Low-pass lters to suppress inertial and tidal
frequencies, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1077{1083.
Treguier, A. M., and J. C. McWilliams, 1990: Topographic inuences on wind-driven,
stratied ow in a -plane channel: An idealized model for the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 321{343.
Whitworth, III, T., 1983: Monitoring the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar
Current at Drake Passage, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 2045{2057.
Whitworth, III, T., W. D. Nowlin, Jr. and S. J. Worley, 1982: The net transport of the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current through Drake Passage, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12,
960{971.
Whitworth, III, T., and R. G. Peterson, 1985: Volume transport of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current from bottom pressure measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
15, 810{816.
Wilkin, J. L., and R. A. Morrow, 1994: Eddy kinetic energy and momentum ux in the
Southern Ocean: Comparison of a global eddy-resolving model with altimeter, drifter
and current-meter data, J. Geophys. Res., 99(C4), 7903{7916.
Wol, J. O., E. Maier-Reimer and D. J. Olbers, 1991: Wind-driven ow over
topography in a zonal -plane channel: A quasi-geostrophic model of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 236{264.
Wong, A. P. S., N. L. Bindo and J. A. Church, 1999: Large-scale freshening of
intermediate waters in the Pacic and Indian oceans, Nature, 400, 440{443.
Wright, D. G., 1981: Baroclinic instability in Drake Passage, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11,
231{246.
Yaremchuk, M., N. L. Bindo, J. Schroter, D. Nechaev and S. R. Rintoul, 2000: On the
zonal and meridional circulation and ocean transports between Tasmania and
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., Submitted." name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Phillips, Helen E. (2000) Mean flow, eddy variability and energetics of the Subantarctic Front south of Australia. PhD thesis, University of Tasmania." name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/1/front_thesis.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/2/thesis.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/3/thesis_fig1p1.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/4/thesis_fig1p2.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/5/thesis_fig1p3.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/6/thesis_fig2p2.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/7/thesis_fig2p4.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
<meta content="Mean flow, eddy variability and energetics of the Subantarctic Front south of Australia" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Phillips, Helen E." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="260403 Physical Oceanography" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="This thesis describes the variability and mean flow of the Subantarctic Front
(SAF) south of Australia using time series measurements of velocity and
temperature from 1993 to 1995, and six hydrographic transects along WOCE
line SR3 from Tasmania to Antarctica over the period 1991 to 1996. The SAF
is the strongest jet of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) south of
Australia. The time series of velocity and temperature are only the third such
dataset collected in the ACC and provide insight into the dynamics of this
massive current and into the heat and momentum balances of the Southern
Ocean.
The SAF was found to be an energetic, meandering jet with vertically coherent
fluctuations. These fluctuations varied on a timescale of 20 days, and had a
typical amplitude of 30 cm/s at 1150 dbar. The analysis used a coordinate
frame that rotated daily to be in alignment with the direction of flow. This
allowed the mesoscale variability of the SAF to be isolated from variability due
to meandering of the front and proved very successful for examining eddy
fluxes. Vertically averaged cross-stream eddy heat flux was 11.3 kW/m^2
poleward and was significantly different from zero at the 95% confidence level
for fluctuations with periods between 2 and 90 days. Zonally integrated, this
eddy heat flux (=0.9x10^15 W) is more than large enough to balance the heat
lost south of the Polar Front and is as large as cross-SAF fluxes found in Drake
Passage. Cross-stream eddy momentum fluxes were small and not significantly
different from zero but were tending to decelerate the mean flow. A relationship
between vertical motion and meander phase identified in the Gulf Stream was
found to hold for the SAF. Eddy kinetic energy levels were similar to those in
Drake Passage and southeast of New Zealand. Eddy potential energy was up to
an order of magnitude larger than at the other ACC sites, most likely because
meandering of the front is more common south of Australia. Baroclinic
conversion was found to be the dominant mechanism by which eddies grow
south of Australia. The typical time for the growth of an eddy is estimated to
be 30 days, approximately half that in Drake Passage. This is consistent with
observations from satellite altimetry which indicate that eddy energy is growing
rapidly downstream of the Australian measurement site, while the eddy field in
Drake Passage is mature.
Mean cross-stream profiles of absolute and baroclinic velocity in the SAF at five
current meter levels have been obtained from two streamwise profiling
techniques using specific volume anomaly at 780 dbar as the cross-stream
coordinate. One of the techniques, using hydrographic data to estimate the
baroclinic velocity profile, is presented for the first time. The mean SAF
velocity profile is composed of one central peak, reaching 52 and 34 cm/s at
420 dbar, absolute and baroclinic respectively, and several smaller peaks. The
SAF flow is coherent at all levels, reaches the sea floor, and is at least 220 km
wide. The cross-stream structure of baroclinic and absolute transport of the
SAF has been characterized for the first time. The integrated mean transport is
at least 116+/-10 x 10^6 m^3/s, of which approximately 14% is barotropic. The
linear conditions for baroclinic and barotropic instability are satisfied at the
array, consistent with the eddy growth rates calculated." name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2000" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Thesis" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="NonPeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/1/front_thesis.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/2/thesis.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/3/thesis_fig1p1.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/4/thesis_fig1p2.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/5/thesis_fig1p3.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/6/thesis_fig2p2.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/7/thesis_fig2p4.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="Phillips, Helen E. (2000) Mean flow, eddy variability and energetics of the Subantarctic Front south of Australia. PhD thesis, University of Tasmania." name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/" name="DC.relation" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-814.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-814.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-814.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-814.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/DC/epprod-eprint-814.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/DIDL/epprod-eprint-814.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/EndNote/epprod-eprint-814.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/HTML/epprod-eprint-814.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/METS/epprod-eprint-814.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/MODS/epprod-eprint-814.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/RIS/epprod-eprint-814.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/Refer/epprod-eprint-814.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/Simple/epprod-eprint-814text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/Text/epprod-eprint-814.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/814/XML/epprod-eprint-814.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
<div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>
<table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
<!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
<tr>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
<td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
<td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
<td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
<form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
<input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
<input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
<input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
</form>
</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
<div align="center">
<table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Mean flow, eddy variability and energetics of the Subantarctic Front south of Australia</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Phillips, Helen E.</span> (2000) <xhtml:em>Mean flow, eddy variability and energetics of the Subantarctic Front south of Australia.</xhtml:em> PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_810' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/1/front_thesis.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_810' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_810"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/1/front_thesis.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Front Matter)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />109Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_811' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/2/thesis.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_811' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_811"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/thumbnails/2/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/2/thesis.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Whole Thesis)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />4034Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_812' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/3/thesis_fig1p1.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_812' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_812"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/thumbnails/3/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/3/thesis_fig1p1.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Fig 1 pg1)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />40Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_813' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/4/thesis_fig1p2.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_813' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_813"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/thumbnails/4/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/4/thesis_fig1p2.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Fig 1 pg2)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />971Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_814' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/5/thesis_fig1p3.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_814' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_814"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/thumbnails/5/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/5/thesis_fig1p3.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Fig 1 pg3)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />33Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_815' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/6/thesis_fig2p2.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_815' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_815"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/thumbnails/6/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/6/thesis_fig2p2.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Fig 2 pg2)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />73Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_816' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/7/thesis_fig2p4.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_816' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_816"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/thumbnails/7/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/814/7/thesis_fig2p4.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Fig 2 pg4)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />883Kb</td></tr></table><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">This thesis describes the variability and mean flow of the Subantarctic Front
(SAF) south of Australia using time series measurements of velocity and
temperature from 1993 to 1995, and six hydrographic transects along WOCE
line SR3 from Tasmania to Antarctica over the period 1991 to 1996. The SAF
is the strongest jet of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) south of
Australia. The time series of velocity and temperature are only the third such
dataset collected in the ACC and provide insight into the dynamics of this
massive current and into the heat and momentum balances of the Southern
Ocean.
The SAF was found to be an energetic, meandering jet with vertically coherent
fluctuations. These fluctuations varied on a timescale of 20 days, and had a
typical amplitude of 30 cm/s at 1150 dbar. The analysis used a coordinate
frame that rotated daily to be in alignment with the direction of flow. This
allowed the mesoscale variability of the SAF to be isolated from variability due
to meandering of the front and proved very successful for examining eddy
fluxes. Vertically averaged cross-stream eddy heat flux was 11.3 kW/m^2
poleward and was significantly different from zero at the 95% confidence level
for fluctuations with periods between 2 and 90 days. Zonally integrated, this
eddy heat flux (=0.9x10^15 W) is more than large enough to balance the heat
lost south of the Polar Front and is as large as cross-SAF fluxes found in Drake
Passage. Cross-stream eddy momentum fluxes were small and not significantly
different from zero but were tending to decelerate the mean flow. A relationship
between vertical motion and meander phase identified in the Gulf Stream was
found to hold for the SAF. Eddy kinetic energy levels were similar to those in
Drake Passage and southeast of New Zealand. Eddy potential energy was up to
an order of magnitude larger than at the other ACC sites, most likely because
meandering of the front is more common south of Australia. Baroclinic
conversion was found to be the dominant mechanism by which eddies grow
south of Australia. The typical time for the growth of an eddy is estimated to
be 30 days, approximately half that in Drake Passage. This is consistent with
observations from satellite altimetry which indicate that eddy energy is growing
rapidly downstream of the Australian measurement site, while the eddy field in
Drake Passage is mature.
Mean cross-stream profiles of absolute and baroclinic velocity in the SAF at five
current meter levels have been obtained from two streamwise profiling
techniques using specific volume anomaly at 780 dbar as the cross-stream
coordinate. One of the techniques, using hydrographic data to estimate the
baroclinic velocity profile, is presented for the first time. The mean SAF
velocity profile is composed of one central peak, reaching 52 and 34 cm/s at
420 dbar, absolute and baroclinic respectively, and several smaller peaks. The
SAF flow is coherent at all levels, reaches the sea floor, and is at least 220 km
wide. The cross-stream structure of baroclinic and absolute transport of the
SAF has been characterized for the first time. The integrated mean transport is
at least 116+/-10 x 10^6 m^3/s, of which approximately 14% is barotropic. The
linear conditions for baroclinic and barotropic instability are satisfied at the
array, consistent with the eddy growth rates calculated.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Thesis (PhD)</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Subantarctic Front
current meter
velocity
heat
momentum
flux
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260403.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260400 Oceanography > 260403 Physical Oceanography</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">814</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Helen E Phillips</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">07 Mar 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=814;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=814">item control page</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
<table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
<tr valign="top">
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
© University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
<a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td>
<td width="32%"><div align="right">
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
</a></p>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><p> </p></td>
<td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
<div align="center"></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
