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<link rel="Stylesheet" href="/infosci/styles.css" type="text/css"> <h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 1994 Abstracts</h2> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9401">94/1: A comparison of authorship style in the document corpus of the Epistles of St. Ignatius of Antioch</a></h3> <h4>P.J. Sallis</h4> <p>This paper is the result of some research in computational stylistics; in particular, the analysis of a document corpus that has attracted the attention of scholars from several disciplines for hundreds of years. This corpus, the Epistles of Saint Ignatius of Antioch, was originally written in Greek but this analysis is of a single translation in English. The analysis has been undertaken using a conventional approach in computational stylistics but has employed a number of contemporary software packages, such as a grammar checker, normally used for text and document creation.</p> <p>Research in this field predominantly characterises authorship style by the use of document statistics, such as word frequency, sentence and paragraph length and in some cases the recurrence of certain phrases. During the research described here it was considered appropriate to use a grammar checker to identify the existence of a ‘new’ set of characteristics. These include comparing the use of passive voice across the corpus being analysed, the percentage use of prepositions, as well as document statistics such as sentence and paragraph length, and the application of text readability formulas as indicators of writing style.</p> <p>The corpus analysed in this paper consists of the seven Epistles of Ignatius of Antioch, together with the Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians. The latter epistle has traditionally been held to authenticate the Ignatian writings. It has been suggested by some church historians that Ignatius was not the author of these epistles and may not in fact, have existed as a person at all. Further, they suggest that two paragraphs in the Polycarp Epistle may have been added later by a second author to authenticate the Ignatian corpus. In order to contribute to the ongoing debate, this paper first examines the Ignatian corpus in order to determine single authorship of the seven epistles. Second, it seeks to determine whether or not the two disputed paragraphs in Polycarp’s Epistle to the Philippians vary in authorship style from the rest of that epistle. Third, it compare authorship style in the two inserted paragraphs of Polycarp’s Epistle with that of the Ignatian corpus in order to make some observations on the hypothesis that a single author was responsible for both.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 885 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9402">94/2: Management perceptions of IS research and development issues</a></h3> <h4>P.J. Sallis</h4> <p>Whilst change is an inherent characteristic of the IT industry, the difficulty of frequent and timely change in tertiary curricula is a constraint on the ability of universities to adequately meet the requirements of knowledge and expertise expected of new graduates. In this paper, some recently published research concerning the top ten issues for managers of information technology in the USA, Europe and Australia is evaluated in terms of its impact on IS teaching and research. The paper concludes that the top ten issues perceived by IS managers was probably in large part due to change resulting not only from advances in technology but also in response to past failures or inadequacies in the process of delivering high quality information system products to corporate consumers. The need for business and education to be aware of the motivations for change and the constraints that are attendant on it in both environments is emphasised for harmonious progress to prevail in the production and utilisation of new IS graduates.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 599 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9403">94/3: Assessing the graphical and algorithmic structure of hierarchical coloured Petri net models</a></h3> <h4>G.L. Benwell and S.G. MacDonell</h4> <p>Petri nets, as a modelling formalism, are utilised for the analysis of processes, whether for explicit understanding, database design or business process re-engineering. The formalism, however, can be represented on a virtual continuum from highly graphical to largely algorithmic. The use and understanding of the formalism will, in part, therefore depend on the resultant complexity and power of the representation and, on the graphical or algorithmic preference of the user. This paper develops a metric which will indicate the graphical or algorithmic tendency of hierarchical coloured Petri nets.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 427 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9404">94/4: Phoneme recognition with hierarchical self organised neural networks and fuzzy systems</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov and E. Peev</h4> <p>Neural networks (NN) have been intensively used for speech processing. This paper describes a series of experiments on using a single Kohonen Self Organizing Map (KSOM), hierarchically organised KSOM, a backpropagation-type neural network with fuzzy inputs and outputs, and a fuzzy system, for continuous speech recognition. Experiments with different non-linear transformations on the signal before using a KSOM have been done. The results obtained by using different techniques on the case study of phonemes in Bulgarian language are compared.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 258 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9405">94/5: A model for exploiting associative matching in AI production systems</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov, S.H. Lavington, S. Lin and C. Wang</h4> <p>A Content-Addressable Model of Production Systems, ‘CAMPUS’, has been developed. The main idea is to achieve high execution performance in production systems by exploiting the potential fine-grain data parallelism. The facts and the rules of a production system are uniformly represented as CAM tables. CAMPUS differs from other CAM-inspired models in that it is based on a non-state saving and ‘lazy’ matching algorithm. The production system execution cycle is represented by a small number of associative search operations over the CAM tables which number does not depend, or depends slightly, on the number of the rules and the number of the facts in the production system. The model makes efficient implementation of large production systems on fast CAM possible. An experimental CAMPUS realisation of the production language CLIPS is also reported. The production systems execution time for large number of processed facts is about 1,000 times less than the corresponding CLIPS execution time on a standard computer architecture.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>associative matching, content-addressable memory (CAM), production systems</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 301 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9406">94/6: A system development methodology for geomatics as derived from informatics</a></h3> <h4>G.L. Benwell</h4> <p>This paper describes the creation of a system development methodology suitable for spatial information systems. The concept is substantiated on the fact that spatial systems are similar to information systems in general. The subtle difference being the fact that spatial systems are not yet readily supported by large digital data bases. This fact has diverted attention away from system development to data collection. A spatial system development methodology is derived, based on a historical review of information systems methodologies and the coupling of same with a data collection and integration methodology for the spatially referenced digital data.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.3 MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9407">94/7: Software metrics in New Zealand: Recent trends</a></h3> <h4>M.K. Purvis, S.G. MacDonell and J. Westland</h4> <p>Almost by definition, any engineering discipline has quantitative measurement at its foundation. In adopting an engineering approach to software development, the establishment and use of software metrics has therefore seen extensive discussion. The degree to which metrics are actually used, however, particularly in New Zealand, is unclear. Four surveys, conducted over the last eight years, are therefore reviewed in this paper, with a view to determining trends in the use of metrics. According to the findings presented, it would appear that no more than one third of organisations involved in software development utilise software metrics.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9408">94/8: A comparative review of functional complexity assessment methods for effort estimation</a></h3> <h4>S.G. MacDonell</h4> <p>Budgetary constraints are placing increasing pressure on project managers to effectively estimate development effort requirements at the earliest opportunity. With the rising impact of automation on commercial software development the attention of researchers developing effort estimation models has recently been focused on functional representations of systems, in response to the assertion that development effort is a function of specification content. A number of such models exist—several, however, have received almost no research or industry attention. Project managers wishing to implement a functional assessment and estimation programme are therefore unlikely to be aware of the various methods or how they compare. This paper therefore attempts to provide this information, as well as forming a basis for the development and improvement of new methods.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 259 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9409">94/9: Viruses: What can we really do?</a></h3> <h4>H.B. Wolfe</h4> <p>It is virtually impossible to know everything about any facet of computing as it changes on almost a daily basis. Having said that I believe that it is worth sharing some of the knowledge that I have gained as a result of 5 years of study and experimentation with viruses and virus defense strategies as well as having personally tested nearly 50 anti-virus products.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9410">94/10: Stochastic models of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago</a></h3> <h4>L. Gonzalez and G.L. Benwell</h4> <p>This paper investigates statistical models for the understanding of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago. Data pertaining to eight scrubweed species have been collected along four transects together with the environmental factors, altitude, slope, aspect and land use classification. Each transect is approximately 80km by 2km, with data being held for every 1ha so that there are approximately 16,000 pixels for each transect. It is important to understand the relationship between the species so that interpolation and extrapolation can be performed. The initial survey, completed in 1992, will be repeated in 1995 and 1998. These surveys will then form the baseline for an understanding of the spread or contraction of the species in farmlands of the South Island. This in turn will assist policy makers in formulating management plans which relate eradication to farmland productivity. This paper deals in detail with one of the transects—Balclutha to Katiki Point.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>canonical correlation, kriging, log-linear models, logistic regression, spatial correlation, variogram analysis</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9411">94/11: Towards using hybrid connectionist fuzzy production systems for speech recognition</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4> <p>The paper presents a novel approach towards solving different speech recognition tasks, i.e. phoneme recognition, ambiguous words recognition, continuous speech to text conversion, learning fuzzy rules for language processing. The model uses a standard connectionist system for initial recognition and a connectionist rule-based system for a higher level recognition. The higher level is realised as a Connectionist Fuzzy Production System (CFPS) which makes possible introducing different parameters to the higher level production rules, like: degrees of importance, dynamic sensitivity factors, noise tolerance factors, certainty degrees and reactiveness factors. It provides different approximate chain reasoning techniques. The CFPS helps to solve many of the ambiguities in speech recognition tasks. Experiments on phoneme recognition in the English language are reported. This approach facilitates a connectionist implementation of the whole process of speech recognition (at a low level and at a higher logical level) which used to be performed in hybrid environments. It also facilitates the process of learning fuzzy rules for language processing. All the language processing tasks and subtasks are realised in a homogeneous connectionist environment. This brings all the benefits of connectionist systems to practical applications in the speech recognition area.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9412">94/12: Connectionist fuzzy production systems</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4> <p>A new type of generalised fuzzy rule and generalised fuzzy production system and a corresponding reasoning method are developed. They are implemented in a connectionist architecture and are called connectionist fuzzy production systems. They combine all the features of symbolic AI production systems, fuzzy production systems and connectionist systems. A connectionist method for learning generalised fuzzy productions from raw data is also presented. The main conclusion reached is that connectionist fuzzy production systems are very powerful as fuzzy reasoning machines and they may well inspire new methods of plausible representation of inexact knowledge and new inference techniques for approximate reasoning.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9413">94/13: Information display design: A survey of visual display formats</a></h3> <h4>W.B.L. Wong</h4> <p>This paper reviews the research and practice of how computer-based output information has been presented in nine different information display formats and the suitability of their use in environments ranging from static, reference-type situations, to complex, dynamic situations. The review while not generating conclusive results suggests that displays are more than a platform to place information. Instead care should be taken to organise, lay out, and pre-process the information so that it enhances the communication between computer and human. The information on the screen should also be designed to augment human cognitive limitations. For instance, human weakness in integrating information across time and multiple sources could be assisted by display formats that integrate the information in the display rather than having the user attempt to integrate that information mentally. If this be the desired outcome, information designers must start to consider performing analyses that help them understand the demands on the human information processing system and hence how information can be presented to augment this weakness. This would have to be further investigated in subsequent research.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>information display design, output information, visual display formats,</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-13.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.6 MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9414">94/14: A conceptual data modelling framework incorporating the notion of a thematic layer</a></h3> <h4>P.G. Firns</h4> <p>Semantic data models comprise abstractions used, in conceptual database design, to represent real world relationships and aspects of the structure of real world phenomena. Such abstractions have previously been applied to the modelling of spatial concepts, but in the process their semantics are implicitly extended. This paper explicitly extends the semantics of the entity relationship model, defining two specific types of entity set to enable the notion of a thematic layer to be incorporated in entity relationship schemas. It places this in the context of a conceptual modelling framework to be used in the design of spatially referenced databases.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-14.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.1 MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9415">94/15: Recording, placement and presentation of M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori place names in a spatial information system</a></h3> <h4>I.J. Cranwell and G.L. Benwell</h4> <p>This paper deals with matters relating to toponymy. The concept of indigenous place names is discussed. A view is presented, based on empirical evidence, that current processes for the official recording of names are detrimental to a fair and reasonable representation of indigenous names. Historical events in Aotearoa are examined as well as the existing place name recording process. Research is outlined as to what can be done to examine and redress this situation. A proposition is tendered whereby names can be recorded via a process which is people based and not government based. Research matters surrounding this concept are discussed.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-15.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.1 MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9416">94/16: Towards the deductive synthesis of nonlinear plans</a></h3> <h4>S.J.S. Cranefield</h4> <p>Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the deductive approach to planning. There are many benefits of this approach but one shortcoming is the difficulty of performing nonlinear planning in this framework. This paper argues that these problems are caused by a flaw in the partial order approach—the lack of structure in such a representation—and proposes an alternative, dynamic programming style approach based on a more structured representation of plans.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9417">94/17: Hybrid fuzzy connectionist rule-based systems and the role of fuzzy rules extraction</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4> <p>The paper presents the major principles of building complex hybrid systems for knowledge engineering where at the centre of the design process is the task of learning (extracting) fuzzy rules from data. An experimental environment FuzzyCOPE, which facilitates this process, is described. It consists of a fuzzy rules extraction module, a neural networks module, module fuzzy inference methods and a production rules module. Such an environment makes possible the use of the three paradigms, i.e. fuzzy rules, neural networks and symbolic production rules, in one system. Automatic rules extraction from data and choosing the most appropriate reasoning mechanism is also provided. Using FuzzyCOPE for building hybrid systems for decision making and speech recognition is discussed and illustrated.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9418">94/18: Integrating neural networks and fuzzy systems for speech recognition</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov, C.I. Watson, S. Sinclair and R. Kilgour</h4> <p>The paper presents a framework of an integrated environment for speech recognition and a methodology of using such environment. The integrated environment includes a signal processing unit, neural networks and fuzzy rule-based systems. Neural networks are used for “blind” pattern recognition of the phonemic labels of the segments of the speech. Fuzzy rules are used for reducing the ambiguities of the correctly recognised phonemic labels, for final recognition of the phonemes, and for language understanding. The fuzzy system part is organised as multi-level, hierarchical structure. As an illustration, a model for phoneme recognition of New Zealand English is developed which exploits the advantages of the integrated environment. The model is illustrated on a small set of phonemes.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9419">94/19: The visual display test: A test to assess the usefulness of a visual speech aid</a></h3> <h4>C.I. Watson</h4> <p>The facility to be able to display features of speech in a visual speech aid does not by itself guarantee that the aid will be effective in speech therapy. An effective visual speech aid must provide a visual representation of an utterance from which a judgement on the “goodness” of the utterance can be made. Two things are required for an aid to be effective. Firstly, the clusters of acceptable utterances must be separate from the unacceptable utterances in display space. Secondly, the acoustic features which distinguish acceptable utterances from unacceptable utterances must be evident in the displays of the speech aid. A two part test, called the Visual Display Test (VDT), has been developed to assess a visual speech aid’s capacity to fulfil these requirements.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-19.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 257 KB)</p> <link rel="Stylesheet" href="/infosci/styles.css" type="text/css"> <h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 1994 Abstracts</h2> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9401">94/1: A comparison of authorship style in the document corpus of the Epistles of St. Ignatius of Antioch</a></h3> <h4>P.J. Sallis</h4> <p>This paper is the result of some research in computational stylistics; in particular, the analysis of a document corpus that has attracted the attention of scholars from several disciplines for hundreds of years. This corpus, the Epistles of Saint Ignatius of Antioch, was originally written in Greek but this analysis is of a single translation in English. The analysis has been undertaken using a conventional approach in computational stylistics but has employed a number of contemporary software packages, such as a grammar checker, normally used for text and document creation.</p> <p>Research in this field predominantly characterises authorship style by the use of document statistics, such as word frequency, sentence and paragraph length and in some cases the recurrence of certain phrases. During the research described here it was considered appropriate to use a grammar checker to identify the existence of a ‘new’ set of characteristics. These include comparing the use of passive voice across the corpus being analysed, the percentage use of prepositions, as well as document statistics such as sentence and paragraph length, and the application of text readability formulas as indicators of writing style.</p> <p>The corpus analysed in this paper consists of the seven Epistles of Ignatius of Antioch, together with the Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians. The latter epistle has traditionally been held to authenticate the Ignatian writings. It has been suggested by some church historians that Ignatius was not the author of these epistles and may not in fact, have existed as a person at all. Further, they suggest that two paragraphs in the Polycarp Epistle may have been added later by a second author to authenticate the Ignatian corpus. In order to contribute to the ongoing debate, this paper first examines the Ignatian corpus in order to determine single authorship of the seven epistles. Second, it seeks to determine whether or not the two disputed paragraphs in Polycarp’s Epistle to the Philippians vary in authorship style from the rest of that epistle. Third, it compare authorship style in the two inserted paragraphs of Polycarp’s Epistle with that of the Ignatian corpus in order to make some observations on the hypothesis that a single author was responsible for both.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 885 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9402">94/2: Management perceptions of IS research and development issues</a></h3> <h4>P.J. Sallis</h4> <p>Whilst change is an inherent characteristic of the IT industry, the difficulty of frequent and timely change in tertiary curricula is a constraint on the ability of universities to adequately meet the requirements of knowledge and expertise expected of new graduates. In this paper, some recently published research concerning the top ten issues for managers of information technology in the USA, Europe and Australia is evaluated in terms of its impact on IS teaching and research. The paper concludes that the top ten issues perceived by IS managers was probably in large part due to change resulting not only from advances in technology but also in response to past failures or inadequacies in the process of delivering high quality information system products to corporate consumers. The need for business and education to be aware of the motivations for change and the constraints that are attendant on it in both environments is emphasised for harmonious progress to prevail in the production and utilisation of new IS graduates.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 599 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9403">94/3: Assessing the graphical and algorithmic structure of hierarchical coloured Petri net models</a></h3> <h4>G.L. Benwell and S.G. MacDonell</h4> <p>Petri nets, as a modelling formalism, are utilised for the analysis of processes, whether for explicit understanding, database design or business process re-engineering. The formalism, however, can be represented on a virtual continuum from highly graphical to largely algorithmic. The use and understanding of the formalism will, in part, therefore depend on the resultant complexity and power of the representation and, on the graphical or algorithmic preference of the user. This paper develops a metric which will indicate the graphical or algorithmic tendency of hierarchical coloured Petri nets.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 427 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9404">94/4: Phoneme recognition with hierarchical self organised neural networks and fuzzy systems</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov and E. Peev</h4> <p>Neural networks (NN) have been intensively used for speech processing. This paper describes a series of experiments on using a single Kohonen Self Organizing Map (KSOM), hierarchically organised KSOM, a backpropagation-type neural network with fuzzy inputs and outputs, and a fuzzy system, for continuous speech recognition. Experiments with different non-linear transformations on the signal before using a KSOM have been done. The results obtained by using different techniques on the case study of phonemes in Bulgarian language are compared.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 258 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9405">94/5: A model for exploiting associative matching in AI production systems</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov, S.H. Lavington, S. Lin and C. Wang</h4> <p>A Content-Addressable Model of Production Systems, ‘CAMPUS’, has been developed. The main idea is to achieve high execution performance in production systems by exploiting the potential fine-grain data parallelism. The facts and the rules of a production system are uniformly represented as CAM tables. CAMPUS differs from other CAM-inspired models in that it is based on a non-state saving and ‘lazy’ matching algorithm. The production system execution cycle is represented by a small number of associative search operations over the CAM tables which number does not depend, or depends slightly, on the number of the rules and the number of the facts in the production system. The model makes efficient implementation of large production systems on fast CAM possible. An experimental CAMPUS realisation of the production language CLIPS is also reported. The production systems execution time for large number of processed facts is about 1,000 times less than the corresponding CLIPS execution time on a standard computer architecture.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>associative matching, content-addressable memory (CAM), production systems</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9406">94/6: A system development methodology for geomatics as derived from informatics</a></h3> <h4>G.L. Benwell</h4> <p>This paper describes the creation of a system development methodology suitable for spatial information systems. The concept is substantiated on the fact that spatial systems are similar to information systems in general. The subtle difference being the fact that spatial systems are not yet readily supported by large digital data bases. This fact has diverted attention away from system development to data collection. A spatial system development methodology is derived, based on a historical review of information systems methodologies and the coupling of same with a data collection and integration methodology for the spatially referenced digital data.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.3 MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9407">94/7: Software metrics in New Zealand: Recent trends</a></h3> <h4>M.K. Purvis, S.G. MacDonell and J. Westland</h4> <p>Almost by definition, any engineering discipline has quantitative measurement at its foundation. In adopting an engineering approach to software development, the establishment and use of software metrics has therefore seen extensive discussion. The degree to which metrics are actually used, however, particularly in New Zealand, is unclear. Four surveys, conducted over the last eight years, are therefore reviewed in this paper, with a view to determining trends in the use of metrics. According to the findings presented, it would appear that no more than one third of organisations involved in software development utilise software metrics.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9408">94/8: A comparative review of functional complexity assessment methods for effort estimation</a></h3> <h4>S.G. MacDonell</h4> <p>Budgetary constraints are placing increasing pressure on project managers to effectively estimate development effort requirements at the earliest opportunity. With the rising impact of automation on commercial software development the attention of researchers developing effort estimation models has recently been focused on functional representations of systems, in response to the assertion that development effort is a function of specification content. A number of such models exist—several, however, have received almost no research or industry attention. Project managers wishing to implement a functional assessment and estimation programme are therefore unlikely to be aware of the various methods or how they compare. This paper therefore attempts to provide this information, as well as forming a basis for the development and improvement of new methods.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 259 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9409">94/9: Viruses: What can we really do?</a></h3> <h4>H.B. Wolfe</h4> <p>It is virtually impossible to know everything about any facet of computing as it changes on almost a daily basis. Having said that I believe that it is worth sharing some of the knowledge that I have gained as a result of 5 years of study and experimentation with viruses and virus defense strategies as well as having personally tested nearly 50 anti-virus products.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9410">94/10: Stochastic models of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago</a></h3> <h4>L. Gonzalez and G.L. Benwell</h4> <p>This paper investigates statistical models for the understanding of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago. Data pertaining to eight scrubweed species have been collected along four transects together with the environmental factors, altitude, slope, aspect and land use classification. Each transect is approximately 80km by 2km, with data being held for every 1ha so that there are approximately 16,000 pixels for each transect. It is important to understand the relationship between the species so that interpolation and extrapolation can be performed. The initial survey, completed in 1992, will be repeated in 1995 and 1998. These surveys will then form the baseline for an understanding of the spread or contraction of the species in farmlands of the South Island. This in turn will assist policy makers in formulating management plans which relate eradication to farmland productivity. This paper deals in detail with one of the transects—Balclutha to Katiki Point.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>canonical correlation, kriging, log-linear models, logistic regression, spatial correlation, variogram analysis</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9411">94/11: Towards using hybrid connectionist fuzzy production systems for speech recognition</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4> <p>The paper presents a novel approach towards solving different speech recognition tasks, i.e. phoneme recognition, ambiguous words recognition, continuous speech to text conversion, learning fuzzy rules for language processing. The model uses a standard connectionist system for initial recognition and a connectionist rule-based system for a higher level recognition. The higher level is realised as a Connectionist Fuzzy Production System (CFPS) which makes possible introducing different parameters to the higher level production rules, like: degrees of importance, dynamic sensitivity factors, noise tolerance factors, certainty degrees and reactiveness factors. It provides different approximate chain reasoning techniques. The CFPS helps to solve many of the ambiguities in speech recognition tasks. Experiments on phoneme recognition in the English language are reported. This approach facilitates a connectionist implementation of the whole process of speech recognition (at a low level and at a higher logical level) which used to be performed in hybrid environments. It also facilitates the process of learning fuzzy rules for language processing. All the language processing tasks and subtasks are realised in a homogeneous connectionist environment. This brings all the benefits of connectionist systems to practical applications in the speech recognition area.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9412">94/12: Connectionist fuzzy production systems</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4> <p>A new type of generalised fuzzy rule and generalised fuzzy production system and a corresponding reasoning method are developed. They are implemented in a connectionist architecture and are called connectionist fuzzy production systems. They combine all the features of symbolic AI production systems, fuzzy production systems and connectionist systems. A connectionist method for learning generalised fuzzy productions from raw data is also presented. The main conclusion reached is that connectionist fuzzy production systems are very powerful as fuzzy reasoning machines and they may well inspire new methods of plausible representation of inexact knowledge and new inference techniques for approximate reasoning.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9413">94/13: Information display design: A survey of visual display formats</a></h3> <h4>W.B.L. Wong</h4> <p>This paper reviews the research and practice of how computer-based output information has been presented in nine different information display formats and the suitability of their use in environments ranging from static, reference-type situations, to complex, dynamic situations. The review while not generating conclusive results suggests that displays are more than a platform to place information. Instead care should be taken to organise, lay out, and pre-process the information so that it enhances the communication between computer and human. The information on the screen should also be designed to augment human cognitive limitations. For instance, human weakness in integrating information across time and multiple sources could be assisted by display formats that integrate the information in the display rather than having the user attempt to integrate that information mentally. If this be the desired outcome, information designers must start to consider performing analyses that help them understand the demands on the human information processing system and hence how information can be presented to augment this weakness. This would have to be further investigated in subsequent research.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>information display design, output information, visual display formats,</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-13.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.6 MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9414">94/14: A conceptual data modelling framework incorporating the notion of a thematic layer</a></h3> <h4>P.G. Firns</h4> <p>Semantic data models comprise abstractions used, in conceptual database design, to represent real world relationships and aspects of the structure of real world phenomena. Such abstractions have previously been applied to the modelling of spatial concepts, but in the process their semantics are implicitly extended. This paper explicitly extends the semantics of the entity relationship model, defining two specific types of entity set to enable the notion of a thematic layer to be incorporated in entity relationship schemas. It places this in the context of a conceptual modelling framework to be used in the design of spatially referenced databases.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-14.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.1 MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9415">94/15: Recording, placement and presentation of M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori place names in a spatial information system</a></h3> <h4>I.J. Cranwell and G.L. Benwell</h4> <p>This paper deals with matters relating to toponymy. The concept of indigenous place names is discussed. A view is presented, based on empirical evidence, that current processes for the official recording of names are detrimental to a fair and reasonable representation of indigenous names. Historical events in Aotearoa are examined as well as the existing place name recording process. Research is outlined as to what can be done to examine and redress this situation. A proposition is tendered whereby names can be recorded via a process which is people based and not government based. Research matters surrounding this concept are discussed.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-15.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.1 MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9416">94/16: Towards the deductive synthesis of nonlinear plans</a></h3> <h4>S.J.S. Cranefield</h4> <p>Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the deductive approach to planning. There are many benefits of this approach but one shortcoming is the difficulty of performing nonlinear planning in this framework. This paper argues that these problems are caused by a flaw in the partial order approach—the lack of structure in such a representation—and proposes an alternative, dynamic programming style approach based on a more structured representation of plans.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9417">94/17: Hybrid fuzzy connectionist rule-based systems and the role of fuzzy rules extraction</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4> <p>The paper presents the major principles of building complex hybrid systems for knowledge engineering where at the centre of the design process is the task of learning (extracting) fuzzy rules from data. An experimental environment FuzzyCOPE, which facilitates this process, is described. It consists of a fuzzy rules extraction module, a neural networks module, module fuzzy inference methods and a production rules module. Such an environment makes possible the use of the three paradigms, i.e. fuzzy rules, neural networks and symbolic production rules, in one system. Automatic rules extraction from data and choosing the most appropriate reasoning mechanism is also provided. Using FuzzyCOPE for building hybrid systems for decision making and speech recognition is discussed and illustrated.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9418">94/18: Integrating neural networks and fuzzy systems for speech recognition</a></h3> <h4>N.K. Kasabov, C.I. Watson, S. Sinclair and R. Kilgour</h4> <p>The paper presents a framework of an integrated environment for speech recognition and a methodology of using such environment. The integrated environment includes a signal processing unit, neural networks and fuzzy rule-based systems. Neural networks are used for “blind” pattern recognition of the phonemic labels of the segments of the speech. Fuzzy rules are used for reducing the ambiguities of the correctly recognised phonemic labels, for final recognition of the phonemes, and for language understanding. The fuzzy system part is organised as multi-level, hierarchical structure. As an illustration, a model for phoneme recognition of New Zealand English is developed which exploits the advantages of the integrated environment. The model is illustrated on a small set of phonemes.</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp9419">94/19: The visual display test: A test to assess the usefulness of a visual speech aid</a></h3> <h4>C.I. Watson</h4> <p>The facility to be able to display features of speech in a visual speech aid does not by itself guarantee that the aid will be effective in speech therapy. An effective visual speech aid must provide a visual representation of an utterance from which a judgement on the “goodness” of the utterance can be made. Two things are required for an aid to be effective. Firstly, the clusters of acceptable utterances must be separate from the unacceptable utterances in display space. Secondly, the acoustic features which distinguish acceptable utterances from unacceptable utterances must be evident in the displays of the speech aid. A two part test, called the Visual Display Test (VDT), has been developed to assess a visual speech aid’s capacity to fulfil these requirements.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp1994-19.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 257 KB)</p>

Ignore Space Show notes View

Website/dp1994-abstracts-contents.htm

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9401">94/1: A comparison of authorship style in the document corpus of the Epistles of St. Ignatius of Antioch</a></h3>
<h4>P.J. Sallis</h4>

<p>This paper is the result of some research in computational stylistics; in particular, the analysis of a document corpus that has attracted the attention of scholars from several disciplines for hundreds of years. This corpus, the Epistles of Saint Ignatius of Antioch, was originally written in Greek but this analysis is of a single translation in English. The analysis has been undertaken using a conventional approach in computational stylistics but has employed a number of contemporary software packages, such as a grammar checker, normally used for text and document creation.</p>

<p>Research in this field predominantly characterises authorship style by the use of document statistics, such as word frequency, sentence and paragraph length and in some cases the recurrence of certain phrases. During the research described here it was considered appropriate to use a grammar checker to identify the existence of a &#8216;new&#8217; set of characteristics. These include comparing the use of passive voice across the corpus being analysed, the percentage use of prepositions, as well as document statistics such as sentence and paragraph length, and the application of text readability formulas as indicators of writing style.</p>

<p>The corpus analysed in this paper consists of the seven Epistles of Ignatius of Antioch, together with the Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians. The latter epistle has traditionally been held to authenticate the Ignatian writings. It has been suggested by some church historians that Ignatius was not the author of these epistles and may not in fact, have existed as a person at all. Further, they suggest that two paragraphs in the Polycarp Epistle may have been added later by a second author to authenticate the Ignatian corpus. In order to contribute to the ongoing debate, this paper first examines the Ignatian corpus in order to determine single authorship of the seven epistles. Second, it seeks to determine whether or not the two disputed paragraphs in Polycarp&#8217;s Epistle to the Philippians vary in authorship style from the rest of that epistle. Third, it compare authorship style in the two inserted paragraphs of Polycarp&#8217;s Epistle with that of the Ignatian corpus in order to make some observations on the hypothesis that a single author was responsible for both.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 885 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9402">94/2: Management perceptions of IS research and development issues</a></h3>
<h4>P.J. Sallis</h4>

<p>Whilst change is an inherent characteristic of the IT industry, the difficulty of frequent and timely change in tertiary curricula is a constraint on the ability of universities to adequately meet the requirements of knowledge and expertise expected of new graduates. In this paper, some recently published research concerning the top ten issues for managers of information technology in the USA, Europe and Australia is evaluated in terms of its impact on IS teaching and research. The paper concludes that the top ten issues perceived by IS managers was probably in large part due to change resulting not only from advances in technology but also in response to past failures or inadequacies in the process of delivering high quality information system products to corporate consumers. The need for business and education to be aware of the motivations for change and the constraints that are attendant on it in both environments is emphasised for harmonious progress to prevail in the production and utilisation of new IS graduates.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 599 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9403">94/3: Assessing the graphical and algorithmic structure of hierarchical coloured Petri net models</a></h3>
<h4>G.L. Benwell and S.G. MacDonell</h4>

<p>Petri nets, as a modelling formalism, are utilised for the analysis of processes, whether for explicit understanding, database design or business process re-engineering. The formalism, however, can be represented on a virtual continuum from highly graphical to largely algorithmic. The use and understanding of the formalism will, in part, therefore depend on the resultant complexity and power of the representation and, on the graphical or algorithmic preference of the user. This paper develops a metric which will indicate the graphical or algorithmic tendency of hierarchical coloured Petri nets.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 427 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9404">94/4: Phoneme recognition with hierarchical self organised neural networks and fuzzy systems</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov and E. Peev</h4>

<p>Neural networks (NN) have been intensively used for speech processing. This paper describes a series of experiments on using a single Kohonen Self Organizing Map (KSOM), hierarchically organised KSOM, a backpropagation-type neural network with fuzzy inputs and outputs, and a fuzzy system, for continuous speech recognition. Experiments with different non-linear transformations on the signal before using a KSOM have been done. The results obtained by using different techniques on the case study of phonemes in Bulgarian language are compared.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 258 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9405">94/5: A model for exploiting associative matching in AI production systems</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov, S.H. Lavington, S. Lin and C. Wang</h4>

<p>A Content-Addressable Model of Production Systems, &#8216;CAMPUS&#8217;, has been developed. The main idea is to achieve high execution performance in production systems by exploiting the potential fine-grain data parallelism. The facts and the rules of a production system are uniformly represented as CAM tables. CAMPUS differs from other CAM-inspired models in that it is based on a non-state saving and &#8216;lazy&#8217; matching algorithm. The production system execution cycle is represented by a small number of associative search operations over the CAM tables which number does not depend, or depends slightly, on the number of the rules and the number of the facts in the production system. The model makes efficient implementation of large production systems on fast CAM possible.  An experimental CAMPUS realisation of the production language CLIPS is also reported. The production systems execution time for large number of processed facts is about 1,000 times less than the corresponding CLIPS execution time on a standard computer architecture.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>associative matching,
content-addressable memory (CAM),
production systems</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 301 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9406">94/6: A system development methodology for geomatics as derived from informatics</a></h3>
<h4>G.L. Benwell</h4>

<p>This paper describes the creation of a system development methodology suitable for spatial information systems. The concept is substantiated on the fact that spatial systems are similar to information systems in general. The subtle difference being the fact that spatial systems are not yet readily supported by large digital data bases. This fact has diverted attention away from system development to data collection. A spatial system development methodology is derived, based on a historical review of information systems methodologies and the coupling of same with a data collection and integration methodology for the spatially referenced digital data.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.3 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9407">94/7: Software metrics in New Zealand: Recent trends</a></h3>
<h4>M.K. Purvis, S.G. MacDonell and J. Westland</h4>

<p>Almost by definition, any engineering discipline has quantitative measurement at its foundation. In adopting an engineering approach to software development, the establishment and use of software metrics has therefore seen extensive discussion. The degree to which metrics are actually used, however, particularly in New Zealand, is unclear. Four surveys, conducted over the last eight years, are therefore reviewed in this paper, with a view to determining trends in the use of metrics. According to the findings presented, it would appear that no more than one third of organisations involved in software development utilise software metrics.</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9408">94/8: A comparative review of functional complexity assessment methods for effort estimation</a></h3>
<h4>S.G. MacDonell</h4>

<p>Budgetary constraints are placing increasing pressure on project managers to effectively estimate development effort requirements at the earliest opportunity. With the rising impact of automation on commercial software development the attention of researchers developing effort estimation models has recently been focused on functional representations of systems, in response to the assertion that development effort is a function of specification content. A number of such models exist&#8212;several, however, have received almost no research or industry attention. Project managers wishing to implement a functional assessment and estimation programme are therefore unlikely to be aware of the various methods or how they compare. This paper therefore attempts to provide this information, as well as forming a basis for the development and improvement of new methods.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 259 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9409">94/9: Viruses: What can we really do?</a></h3>
<h4>H.B. Wolfe</h4>

<p>It is virtually impossible to know everything about any facet of computing as it changes on almost a daily basis. Having said that I believe that it is worth sharing some of the knowledge that I have gained as a result of 5 years of study and experimentation with viruses and virus defense strategies as well as having personally tested nearly 50 anti-virus products.</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9410">94/10: Stochastic models of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago</a></h3>
<h4>L. Gonzalez and G.L. Benwell</h4>

<p>This paper investigates statistical models for the understanding of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago. Data pertaining to eight scrubweed species have been collected along four transects together with the environmental factors, altitude, slope, aspect and land use classification. Each transect is approximately 80km by 2km, with data being held for every 1ha so that there are approximately 16,000 pixels for each transect. It is important to understand the relationship between the species so that interpolation and extrapolation can be performed. The initial survey, completed in 1992, will be repeated in 1995 and 1998. These surveys will then  form the baseline for an understanding of the spread or contraction of the species in farmlands of the South Island. This in turn will assist policy makers in formulating management plans which relate eradication to farmland productivity. This paper deals in detail with one of the transects&#8212;Balclutha to Katiki Point.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>canonical correlation,
kriging,
log-linear models,
logistic regression,
spatial correlation,
variogram analysis</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9411">94/11: Towards using hybrid connectionist fuzzy production systems for speech recognition</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4>

<p>The paper presents a novel approach towards solving different speech recognition tasks, i.e. phoneme recognition, ambiguous words recognition, continuous speech to text conversion, learning fuzzy rules for language processing. The model uses a standard connectionist system for initial recognition and a connectionist rule-based system for a higher level recognition. The higher level is realised as a Connectionist Fuzzy Production System (CFPS) which makes possible introducing different parameters to the higher level production rules, like: degrees of importance, dynamic sensitivity factors, noise tolerance factors, certainty degrees and reactiveness factors. It provides different approximate chain reasoning techniques. The CFPS helps to solve many of the ambiguities in speech recognition tasks. Experiments on phoneme recognition in the English language are reported. This approach facilitates a connectionist implementation of the whole process of speech recognition (at a low level and at a higher logical level) which used to be performed in hybrid environments. It also facilitates the process of learning fuzzy rules for language processing. All the language processing tasks and subtasks are realised in a homogeneous connectionist environment. This brings all the benefits of connectionist systems to practical applications in the speech recognition area.</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9412">94/12: Connectionist fuzzy production systems</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4>

<p>A new type of generalised fuzzy rule and generalised fuzzy production system and a corresponding reasoning method are developed. They are implemented in a connectionist architecture and are called connectionist fuzzy production systems. They combine all the features of symbolic AI production systems, fuzzy production systems and connectionist systems. A connectionist method for learning generalised fuzzy productions from raw data is also presented. The main conclusion reached is that connectionist fuzzy production systems are very powerful as fuzzy reasoning machines and they may well inspire new methods of plausible representation of inexact knowledge and new inference techniques for approximate reasoning.</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9413">94/13: Information display design: A survey of visual display formats</a></h3>
<h4>W.B.L. Wong</h4>

<p>This paper reviews the research and practice of how computer-based output information has been presented in nine different information display formats and the suitability of their use in environments ranging from static, reference-type situations, to complex, dynamic situations. The review while not generating conclusive results suggests that displays are more than a platform to place information. Instead care should be taken to organise, lay out, and pre-process the information so that it enhances the communication between computer and human. The information on the screen should also be designed to augment human cognitive limitations. For instance, human weakness in integrating information across time and multiple sources could be assisted by display formats that integrate the information in the display rather than having the user attempt to integrate that information mentally. If this be the desired outcome, information designers must start to consider performing analyses that help them understand the demands on the human information processing system and hence how information can be presented to augment this weakness. This would have to be further investigated in subsequent research.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>information display design,
output information,
visual display formats,</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-13.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.6 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9414">94/14: A conceptual data modelling framework incorporating the notion of a thematic layer</a></h3>
<h4>P.G. Firns</h4>

<p>Semantic data models comprise abstractions used, in conceptual database design, to represent real world relationships and aspects of the structure of real world phenomena. Such abstractions have previously been applied to the modelling of spatial concepts, but in the process their semantics are implicitly extended. This paper explicitly extends the semantics of the entity relationship model, defining two specific types of entity set to enable the notion of a thematic layer to be incorporated in entity relationship schemas. It places this in the context of a conceptual modelling framework to be used in the design of spatially referenced databases.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-14.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.1 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9415">94/15: Recording, placement and presentation of M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori place names in a spatial information system</a></h3>
<h4>I.J. Cranwell and G.L. Benwell</h4>

<p>This paper deals with matters relating to toponymy. The concept of indigenous place names is discussed. A view is presented, based on empirical evidence, that current processes for the official recording of names are detrimental to a fair and reasonable representation of indigenous names. Historical events in Aotearoa are examined as well as the existing place name recording process. Research is outlined as to what can be done to examine and redress this situation. A proposition is tendered whereby names can be recorded via a process which is people based and not government based. Research matters surrounding this concept are discussed.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-15.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.1 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9416">94/16: Towards the deductive synthesis of nonlinear plans</a></h3>
<h4>S.J.S. Cranefield</h4>

<p>Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the deductive approach to planning. There are many benefits of this approach but one shortcoming is the difficulty of performing nonlinear planning in this framework. This paper argues that these problems are caused by a flaw in the partial order approach&#8212;the lack of structure in such a representation&#8212;and proposes an alternative, dynamic programming style approach based on a more structured representation of plans.</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9417">94/17: Hybrid fuzzy connectionist rule-based systems and the role of fuzzy rules extraction</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4>

<p>The paper presents the major principles of building complex hybrid systems for knowledge engineering where at the centre of the design process is the task of learning (extracting) fuzzy rules from data. An experimental environment FuzzyCOPE, which facilitates this process, is described.  It consists of a fuzzy rules extraction module, a neural networks module, module fuzzy inference methods and a production rules module. Such an environment makes possible the use of the three paradigms, i.e. fuzzy rules, neural networks and symbolic production rules, in one system. Automatic rules extraction from data and choosing the most appropriate reasoning mechanism is also provided. Using FuzzyCOPE for building hybrid systems for decision making and speech recognition is discussed and illustrated.</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9418">94/18: Integrating neural networks and fuzzy systems for speech recognition</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov, C.I. Watson, S. Sinclair and R. Kilgour</h4>

<p>The paper presents a framework of an integrated environment for speech recognition and a methodology of using such environment. The integrated environment includes a signal processing unit, neural networks and fuzzy rule-based systems. Neural networks are used for &#8220;blind&#8221; pattern recognition of the phonemic labels of the segments of the speech. Fuzzy rules are used for reducing the ambiguities of the correctly recognised phonemic labels, for final recognition of the phonemes,  and for language understanding. The fuzzy system part is organised as multi-level, hierarchical structure. As an illustration, a model for phoneme recognition of New Zealand English is developed which exploits the advantages of the integrated environment. The model is illustrated on a small set of phonemes.</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9419">94/19: The visual display test: A test to assess the usefulness of a visual speech aid</a></h3>
<h4>C.I. Watson</h4>

<p>The facility to be able to display features of speech in a visual speech aid does not by itself guarantee that the aid will be effective in speech therapy. An effective visual speech aid must provide a visual representation of an utterance from which a judgement on the &#8220;goodness&#8221; of the utterance can be made. Two things are required for an aid to be effective. Firstly, the clusters of acceptable utterances must be separate from the unacceptable utterances in display space. Secondly, the acoustic features which distinguish acceptable utterances from unacceptable utterances must be evident in the displays of the speech aid. A two part test, called the Visual Display Test (VDT), has been developed to assess a visual speech aid&#8217;s capacity to fulfil these requirements.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-19.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 257 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9401">94/1: A comparison of authorship style in the document corpus of the Epistles of St. Ignatius of Antioch</a></h3>
<h4>P.J. Sallis</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 885 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9402">94/2: Management perceptions of IS research and development issues</a></h3>
<h4>P.J. Sallis</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 599 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9403">94/3: Assessing the graphical and algorithmic structure of hierarchical coloured Petri net models</a></h3>
<h4>G.L. Benwell and S.G. MacDonell</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 427 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9404">94/4: Phoneme recognition with hierarchical self organised neural networks and fuzzy systems</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov and E. Peev</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 258 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9405">94/5: A model for exploiting associative matching in AI production systems</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov, S.H. Lavington, S. Lin and C. Wang</h4>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>associative matching,
content-addressable memory (CAM),
production systems</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9406">94/6: A system development methodology for geomatics as derived from informatics</a></h3>
<h4>G.L. Benwell</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.3 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9407">94/7: Software metrics in New Zealand: Recent trends</a></h3>
<h4>M.K. Purvis, S.G. MacDonell and J. Westland</h4>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9408">94/8: A comparative review of functional complexity assessment methods for effort estimation</a></h3>
<h4>S.G. MacDonell</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 259 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9409">94/9: Viruses: What can we really do?</a></h3>
<h4>H.B. Wolfe</h4>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9410">94/10: Stochastic models of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago</a></h3>
<h4>L. Gonzalez and G.L. Benwell</h4>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>canonical correlation,
kriging,
log-linear models,
logistic regression,
spatial correlation,
variogram analysis</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9411">94/11: Towards using hybrid connectionist fuzzy production systems for speech recognition</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9412">94/12: Connectionist fuzzy production systems</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9413">94/13: Information display design: A survey of visual display formats</a></h3>
<h4>W.B.L. Wong</h4>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>information display design,
output information,
visual display formats,</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-13.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.6 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9414">94/14: A conceptual data modelling framework incorporating the notion of a thematic layer</a></h3>
<h4>P.G. Firns</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-14.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.1 MB)</p>

<hr>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-15.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.1 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9416">94/16: Towards the deductive synthesis of nonlinear plans</a></h3>
<h4>S.J.S. Cranefield</h4>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9417">94/17: Hybrid fuzzy connectionist rule-based systems and the role of fuzzy rules extraction</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov</h4>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9418">94/18: Integrating neural networks and fuzzy systems for speech recognition</a></h3>
<h4>N.K. Kasabov, C.I. Watson, S. Sinclair and R. Kilgour</h4>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp9419">94/19: The visual display test: A test to assess the usefulness of a visual speech aid</a></h3>
<h4>C.I. Watson</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp1994-19.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 257 KB)</p>

Ignore Space Show notes View Website/dp2000-abstracts-contents.htm
<link rel="Stylesheet" href="/infosci/styles.css" type="text/css"> <h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 2000 Abstracts</h2> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-01">2000/01: Investigating complexities through computational techniques</a></h3> <h4>A. Holt</h4> <p>This article outlines similarity applied to the general environment and geographical information domains. The hypothesis is if physical and social sciences manifest similar amenities, then similarity would be a generative technique to analyse the cached information inherent in the data retrieved. Similarity is examined concerning the spatial grouping of natural kinds in a complex environment.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 206 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-02">2000/02: Integrating environmental information: Incorporating metadata in a distributed information systems architecture</a></h3> <h4>S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis</h4> <p>An approach is presented for incorporating metatata constraints into queries to be processed by a distributed environmental information system. The approach, based on a novel metamodel unifying concepts from the Unified Modelling Language (UML), the Object Query Language (OQL), and the Resource Description Framework (RDF), allows metadata information to be represented and processed in combination with regular data queries.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 134 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-03">2000/03: Modelling the emergence of speech sound categories in evolving connectionist systems</a></h3> <h4>J. Taylor, N. Kasabov and R. Kilgour</h4> <p>We report on the clustering of nodes in internally represented acoustic space. Learners of different languages partition perceptual space distinctly. Here, an Evolving Connectionist-Based System (ECOS) is used to model the perceptual space of New Zealand English. Currently, the system evolves in an unsupervised, self-organising manner. The perceptual space can be visualised, and the important features of the input patterns analysed. Additionally, the path of the internal representations can be seen. The results here will be used to develop a supervised system that can be used for speech recognition based on the evolved, internal sub-word units.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 125 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-04">2000/04: Analysis of the New Zealand and M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori on-line translator</a></h3> <h4>M. Laws, R. Kilgour and M. Watts</h4> <p>The English and M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori word translator ng<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span> aho whakam<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori-<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>-tuhi was designed to provide single head-word translations to on-line web users. There are over 13,000 words all based on traditional text sources, derived because of their high frequency used within each of the respective languages. The translator has been operational for well over a year now, and it has had the highest web traffic usage in the Department of Information Science. Two log files were generated to record domain hits and language translations, both provided the up-to-date data for analysis contained in this paper.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 202 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-05">2000/05: Development of a M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori database for speech perception and generation</a></h3> <h4>M. Laws</h4> <p>M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori speech data collection and analysis is an ongoing process, as new and existing data sets are continuously accessed for many different experimental speech perception and generation processing tasks. A data management system is an important tool to facilitate the systematic techniques applied to the speech and language data. Identification of the core components for M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori speech and language databases, translation systems, speech recognition and speech synthesis have been undertaken as research themes. The latter component will be the main area of discussion here. So to hasten the development of M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori speech synthesis, joint collaborative research with established international projects has begun. This will allow the M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori language to be presented to the wider scientific community well in advance of other similar languages, many times it’s own size and distribution. Propagation of the M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori language via the information communication technology (ICT) medium is advantageous to it’s long term survival.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 243 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-06">2000/06: Evolving self-organizing maps for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling</a></h3> <h4>D. Deng and N. Kasabov</h4> <p>In real world information systems, data analysis and processing are usually needed to be done in an on-line, self-adaptive way. In this respect, neural algorithms of incremental learning and constructive network models are of increased interest. In this paper we present a new algorithm of evolving self-organizing map (ESOM), which features fast one-pass learning, dynamic network structure, and good visualisation ability. Simulations have been carried out on some benchmark data sets for classification and prediction tasks, as well as on some macroeconomic data for data analysis. Compared with other methods, ESOM achieved better classification with much shorter learning time. Its performance for time series modelling is also comparable, requiring more hidden units but with only one-pass learning. Our results demonstrate that ESOM is an effective computational model for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 233 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-07">2000/07: Extending agent messaging to enable OO information exchange</a></h3> <h4>S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis</h4> <p>It is canonical practice in agent-based systems to use a declarative format for the exchange of information. The increasing usage and facility of object-oriented tools and techniques, however, suggests there may be benefits in combining the use of object-oriented modelling approaches with agent-based messaging. In this paper we outline our efforts in connection with the New Zealand Distributed Information Systems project to use object-oriented knowledge representation in an agent-based architecture. Issues and tradeoffs are discussed, as well as the possible extensions to current agent-based message protocols that may be necessary in order to support object-oriented information exchange.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-07.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 85 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-08">2000/08: Is it an ontology or an abstract syntax? Modelling objects, knowledge and agent messages</a></h3> <h4>S. Cranefield, M.K. Purvis and M. Nowostawski</h4> <p>This paper describes a system of interlinked ontologies to describe the concepts underlying FIPA agent communication. A meta-modelling approach is used to relate object-oriented domain ontologies and abstract models of agent communication and content languages and to describe them in a single framework. The modelling language used is the Unified Modeling Language, which is extended by adding the concepts of resource and reference. The resulting framework provides an elegant basis for the development of agent systems that combine object-oriented information representation with agent messaging protocols.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 100 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-09">2000/09: A viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations</a></h3> <h4>N. Stanger</h4> <p>When modelling a real-world phenomenon, it can often be useful to have multiple descriptions of the phenomenon, each expressed using a different modelling approach or representation. Different representations such as entity-relationship modelling, data flow modelling and use case modelling allow analysts to describe different aspects of real-world phenomena, thus providing a more thorough understanding than if a single representation were used. Researchers working with multiple representations have approached the problem from many different fields, resulting in a diverse and potentially confusing set of terminologies. In this paper is described a viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations to describe real-world phenomena. This framework provides a consistent and integrated terminology for researchers working with multiple representations. An abstract notation is also defined for expressing concepts within the framework.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-09.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 478 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-10">2000/10: A shape metric for evolving time series models</a></h3> <h4>P. Whigham and C. Aldridge</h4> <p>Most applications of Genetic Programming to time series modeling use a fitness measure for comparing potential solutions that treat each point in the time series independently. This non-temporal approach can lead to some potential solutions being given a relatively high fitness measure even though they do not correspond to the training data when the overall shape of the series is taken into account. This paper develops two fitness measures which emphasize the concept of shape when measuring the similarity between a training and evolved time series. One approach extends the root mean square error to higher dimensional derivatives of the series. The second approach uses a simplified derivative concept that describes shape in terms of positive, negative and zero slope.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-10.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 561 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-11">2000/11: Translating descriptions of a viewpoint among different representations</a></h3> <h4>N. Stanger</h4> <p>An important part of the systems development process is building models of real-world phenomena. These phenomena are described by many different kinds of information, and this diversity has resulted in a wide variety of modelling representations. Some types of information are better expressed by some representations than others, so it is sensible to use multiple representations to describe a real-world phenomenon. The author has developed an approach to facilitating the use of multiple representations within a single viewpoint by translating descriptions of the viewpoint among different representations. An important issue with such translations is their quality, or how well they map constructs of one representation to constructs of another representation. Two possible methods for improving translation quality, heuristics and enrichment, are proposed in this paper, and a preliminary metric for measuring relative translation quality is described.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-11.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 474 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-12">2000/12: An adaptive distributed workflow system framework</a></h3> <h4>M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu</h4> <p>Workflow management systems are increasingly used to assist the automation of business processes that involve the exchange of documents, information, or task execution results. Recent developments in distributed information system technology now make it possible to extend the workflow management system idea to much wider spheres of activity in the industrial and commercial world. This paper describes a framework under development that employs such technology so that software tools and processes may interoperate in a distributed and dynamic environment. Key technical elements of the framework include the use of coloured Petri nets and distributed object technology (CORBA).</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>distributed systems, workflow, process modelling</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-12.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 195 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-13">2000/13: Platforms for agent-oriented software</a></h3> <h4>M. Nowostawski, G. Bush, M.K. Purvis and S. Cranefield</h4> <p>The use of modelling abstractions to map from items in the real-world to objects in the computational domain is useful both for the effective implementation of abstract problem solutions and for the management of software complexity. This paper discusses the new approach of agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE), which uses the notion of an autonomous agent as its fundamental modelling abstraction. For the AOSE approach to be fully exploited, software engineers must be able to gain leverage from an agent software architecture and framework, and there are several such frameworks now publicly available. At the present time, however, there is little information concerning the options that are available and what needs to be considered when choosing or developing an agent framework. We consider three different agent software architectures that are (or will be) publicly available and evaluate some of the design and architectural differences and trade-offs that are associated with them and their impact on agent-oriented software development. Our discussion examines these frameworks in the context of an example in the area of distributed information systems.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-13.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 222 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-14">2000/14: Electronic medical consultation: A New Zealand perspective</a></h3> <h4>C. Brebner, R. Jones, J. Krisjanous, W. Marshall, G. Parry and A. Holt</h4> <p>Electronic medical consultation is available worldwide through access to the World Wide Web (WWW). This article outlines a research study on the adoption of electronic medical consultation as a means of health delivery. It focuses on the delivery of healthcare specifically for New Zealanders, by New Zealanders. It is acknowledged that the WWW is a global market place and it is therefore difficult to identify New Zealanders’ use of such a global market, but we have attempted to provide a New Zealand perspective on electronic medical consultation.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>electronic medical consultation, on-line health, New Zealand</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-14.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 80 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-15">2000/15: Analysis of the macroeconomic development of European and Asia-Pacific countries with the use of connectionist models</a></h3> <h4>N. Kasabov, H. Akpinar, L. Rizzi and D. Deng</h4> <p>The paper applies novel techniques for on-line, adaptive learning of macroeconomic data and a consecutive analysis and prediction. The evolving connectionist system paradigm (ECOS) is used in its two versions—unsupervised (evolving self-organised maps), and supervised (evolving fuzzy neural networks—EFuNN). In addition to these techniques self-organised maps (SOM) are also employed for finding clusters of countries based on their macroeconomic parameters. EFuNNs allow for modelling, clustering, prediction and rule extraction. The rules that describe future annual values for the consumer price index (CPI), interest rate, unemployment and GDP per capita are extracted from data and reported in the paper for both global—EU-Asia block of countries, and for smaller groups—EU, EU-candidate countries, Asia-Pacific countries. The analysis and prediction models proof to be useful tools for the analysis of trends in macroeconomic development of clusters of countries and their future prediction.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>neural networks, fuzzy rules, evolving connectionist systems, macroeconomic clusters</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-16">2000/16: Evolving localised learning for on-line colour image quantisation</a></h3> <h4>D. Deng and N. Kasabov</h4> <p>Although widely studied for many years, colour image quantisation remains a challenging problem. We propose to use an evolving self-organising map model for the on-line image quantisation tasks. Encouraging results are obtained in experiments and we look forward to implementing the algorithm in real world applications with further improvement.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-16.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 2.2 MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-17">2000/17: Using consensus ensembles to identify suspect data</a></h3> <h4>D. Clark</h4> <p>In a consensus ensemble all members must agree before they classify a data point. But even when they all agree some data is still misclassified. In this paper we look closely at consistently misclassified data to investigate whether some of it may be outliers or may have been mislabeled.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-17.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 331 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-18">2000/18: Elementary structures in entity-relationship diagrams as a diagnostic tool in data modelling and a basis for effort estimation</a></h3> <h4>G. Kennedy</h4> <p>Elsewhere Kennedy describes three elementary structures to be found in entity-relationship diagrams. Here, each of these structures is considered in the context of a transaction processing system and a specific set of components that can be associated with the structure is described. Next, an example is given illustrating the use of elementary structures as an analytical tool for data modelling and a diagnostic tool for the identification of errors in the resulting data model. It is conjectured that the amount of effort associated with each structure can be measured. A new approach for the estimation of the total effort required to develop a system, based on a count of the elementary structures present in the entity-relationship diagram, is then proposed. The approach is appealing because it can be automated and because it can be applied earlier in the development cycle than other estimation methods currently in use. The question of a suitable counting strategy remains open.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>data modelling, design tools and techniques, entity-relationship model, software metrics</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-18.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 112 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-19">2000/19: Comparing Huber’s M-Estimator function with the mean square error in backpropagation networks when the training data is noisy</a></h3> <h4>D. Clark</h4> <p>In any data set there some of the data will be bad or noisy. This study identifies two types of noise and investigates the effect of each in the training data of backpropagation neural networks. It also compares the mean square error function with a more robust alternative advocated by Huber.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-19.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 360 KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-20">2000/20: A framework for distributed workflow systems</a></h3> <h4>M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu</h4> <p>Workflow management systems (WFMS) are being adopted to assist the automation of business processes that involve the exchange of information. As a result of developments in distributed information system technology, it is now possible to extend the WFMS idea to wider spheres of activity in the industrial and commercial world and thereby to encompass the increasingly sprawling nature of modern organisations. This paper describes a framework under development that employs such technology so that software tools and processes may interoperate in a distributed and dynamic environment. The framework employs Petri nets to model the interaction between various sub-processes. CORBA technology is used to enable different participants who are physically disparate to monitor activity in and make resource-level adaptations to their particular subnet.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>distributed systems, workflow, process modelling, Petri nets</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-20.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 199 KB)</p> <link rel="Stylesheet" href="/infosci/styles.css" type="text/css"> <h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 2000 Abstracts</h2> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-01">2000/01: Investigating complexities through computational techniques</a></h3> <h4>A. Holt</h4> <p>This article outlines similarity applied to the general environment and geographical information domains. The hypothesis is if physical and social sciences manifest similar amenities, then similarity would be a generative technique to analyse the cached information inherent in the data retrieved. Similarity is examined concerning the spatial grouping of natural kinds in a complex environment.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-01.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 165KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-02">2000/02: Integrating environmental information: Incorporating metadata in a distributed information systems architecture</a></h3> <h4>S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis</h4> <p>An approach is presented for incorporating metatata constraints into queries to be processed by a distributed environmental information system. The approach, based on a novel metamodel unifying concepts from the Unified Modelling Language (UML), the Object Query Language (OQL), and the Resource Description Framework (RDF), allows metadata information to be represented and processed in combination with regular data queries.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-02.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 126KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-03">2000/03: Modelling the emergence of speech sound categories in evolving connectionist systems</a></h3> <h4>J. Taylor, N. Kasabov and R. Kilgour</h4> <p>We report on the clustering of nodes in internally represented acoustic space. Learners of different languages partition perceptual space distinctly. Here, an Evolving Connectionist-Based System (ECOS) is used to model the perceptual space of New Zealand English. Currently, the system evolves in an unsupervised, self-organising manner. The perceptual space can be visualised, and the important features of the input patterns analysed. Additionally, the path of the internal representations can be seen. The results here will be used to develop a supervised system that can be used for speech recognition based on the evolved, internal sub-word units.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-03.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 117KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-04">2000/04: Analysis of the New Zealand and Mäori on-line translator</a></h3> <h4>M. Laws, R. Kilgour and M. Watts</h4> <p>The English and Mäori word translator <EM>ngä aho whakamäori-ä-tuhi</EM> was designed to provide single head-word translations to on-line web users. There are over 13,000 words all based on traditional text sources, derived because of their high frequency used within each of the respective languages. The translator has been operational for well over a year now, and it has had the highest web traffic usage in the Department of Information Science. Two log files were generated to record domain hits and language translations, both provided the up-to-date data for analysis contained in this paper.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-04.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 183KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-05">2000/05: Development of a Mäori database for speech perception and generation</a></h3> <h4>M. Laws</h4> <p>Mäori speech data collection and analysis is an ongoing process, as new and existing data sets are continuously accessed for many different experimental speech perception and generation processing tasks. A data management system is an important tool to facilitate the systematic techniques applied to the speech and language data. Identification of the core components for Mäori speech and language databases, translation systems, speech recognition and speech synthesis have been undertaken as research themes. The latter component will be the main area of discussion here. So to hasten the development of Mäori speech synthesis, joint collaborative research with established international projects has begun. This will allow the Mäori language to be presented to the wider scientific community well in advance of other similar languages, many times it’s own size and distribution. Propagation of the Mäori language via the information communication technology (ICT) medium is advantageous to it’s long term survival.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-05.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 228KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-06">2000/06: Evolving self-organizing maps for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling</a></h3> <h4>D. Deng and N. Kasabov</h4> <p>In real world information systems, data analysis and processing are usually needed to be done in an on-line, self-adaptive way. In this respect, neural algorithms of incremental learning and constructive network models are of increased interest. In this paper we present a new algorithm of evolving self-organizing map (ESOM), which features fast one-pass learning, dynamic network structure, and good visualisation ability. Simulations have been carried out on some benchmark data sets for classification and prediction tasks, as well as on some macroeconomic data for data analysis. Compared with other methods, ESOM achieved better classification with much shorter learning time. Its performance for time series modelling is also comparable, requiring more hidden units but with only one-pass learning. Our results demonstrate that ESOM is an effective computational model for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-06.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 178KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-07">2000/07: Extending agent messaging to enable OO information exchange</a></h3> <h4>S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis</h4> <p>It is canonical practice in agent-based systems to use a declarative format for the exchange of information. The increasing usage and facility of object-oriented tools and techniques, however, suggests there may be benefits in combining the use of object-oriented modelling approaches with agent-based messaging. In this paper we outline our efforts in connection with the New Zealand Distributed Information Systems project to use object-oriented knowledge representation in an agent-based architecture. Issues and tradeoffs are discussed, as well as the possible extensions to current agent-based message protocols that may be necessary in order to support object-oriented information exchange.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-07.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 69KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-08">2000/08: Is it an ontology or an abstract syntax? Modelling objects, knowledge and agent messages</a></h3> <h4>S. Cranefield, M.K. Purvis and M. Nowostawski</h4> <p>This paper describes a system of interlinked ontologies to describe the concepts underlying FIPA agent communication. A meta-modelling approach is used to relate object-oriented domain ontologies and abstract models of agent communication and content languages and to describe them in a single framework. The modelling language used is the Unified Modeling Language, which is extended by adding the concepts of resource and reference. The resulting framework provides an elegant basis for the development of agent systems that combine object-oriented information representation with agent messaging protocols.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-08.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 78KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-09">2000/09: A viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations</a></h3> <h4>N. Stanger</h4> <p>When modelling a real-world phenomenon, it can often be useful to have multiple descriptions of the phenomenon, each expressed using a different modelling approach or <EM>representation</EM>. Different representations such as entity-relationship modelling, data flow modelling and use case modelling allow analysts to describe different aspects of real-world phenomena, thus providing a more thorough understanding than if a single representation were used. Researchers working with multiple representations have approached the problem from many different fields, resulting in a diverse and potentially confusing set of terminologies. In this paper is described a viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations to describe real-world phenomena. This framework provides a consistent and integrated terminology for researchers working with multiple representations. An abstract notation is also defined for expressing concepts within the framework.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-09.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 377KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-10">2000/10: A shape metric for evolving time series models</a></h3> <h4>P. Whigham and C. Aldridge</h4> <p>Most applications of Genetic Programming to time series modeling use a fitness measure for comparing potential solutions that treat each point in the time series independently. This non-temporal approach can lead to some potential solutions being given a relatively high fitness measure even though they do not correspond to the training data when the overall shape of the series is taken into account. This paper develops two fitness measures which emphasize the concept of shape when measuring the similarity between a training and evolved time series. One approach extends the root mean square error to higher dimensional derivatives of the series. The second approach uses a simplified derivative concept that describes shape in terms of positive, negative and zero slope.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-10.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 432KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-11">2000/11: Translating descriptions of a viewpoint among different representations</a></h3> <h4>N. Stanger</h4> <p>An important part of the systems development process is building models of real-world phenomena. These phenomena are described by many different kinds of information, and this diversity has resulted in a wide variety of modelling representations. Some types of information are better expressed by some representations than others, so it is sensible to use multiple representations to describe a real-world phenomenon. The author has developed an approach to facilitating the use of multiple representations within a single viewpoint by translating descriptions of the viewpoint among different representations. An important issue with such translations is their <EM>quality</EM>, or how well they map constructs of one representation to constructs of another representation. Two possible methods for improving translation quality, <EM>heuristics</EM> and <EM>enrichment</EM>, are proposed in this paper, and a preliminary metric for measuring relative translation quality is described.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-11.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 376KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-12">2000/12: An adaptive distributed workflow system framework</a></h3> <h4>M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu</h4> <p>Workflow management systems are increasingly used to assist the automation of business processes that involve the exchange of documents, information, or task execution results. Recent developments in distributed information system technology now make it possible to extend the workflow management system idea to much wider spheres of activity in the industrial and commercial world. This paper describes a framework under development that employs such technology so that software tools and processes may interoperate in a distributed and dynamic environment. Key technical elements of the framework include the use of coloured Petri nets and distributed object technology (CORBA).</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>distributed systems, workflow, process modelling</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-12.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 134KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-13">2000/13: Platforms for agent-oriented software</a></h3> <h4>M. Nowostawski, G. Bush, M.K. Purvis and S. Cranefield</h4> <p>The use of modelling abstractions to map from items in the real-world to objects in the computational domain is useful both for the effective implementation of abstract problem solutions and for the management of software complexity. This paper discusses the new approach of agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE), which uses the notion of an autonomous agent as its fundamental modelling abstraction. For the AOSE approach to be fully exploited, software engineers must be able to gain leverage from an agent software architecture and framework, and there are several such frameworks now publicly available. At the present time, however, there is little information concerning the options that are available and what needs to be considered when choosing or developing an agent framework. We consider three different agent software architectures that are (or will be) publicly available and evaluate some of the design and architectural differences and trade-offs that are associated with them and their impact on agent-oriented software development. Our discussion examines these frameworks in the context of an example in the area of distributed information systems.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-13.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 207KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-14">2000/14: Electronic medical consultation: A New Zealand perspective</a></h3> <h4>C. Brebner, R. Jones, J. Krisjanous, W. Marshall, G. Parry and A. Holt</h4> <p>Electronic medical consultation is available worldwide through access to the World Wide Web (WWW). This article outlines a research study on the adoption of electronic medical consultation as a means of health delivery. It focuses on the delivery of healthcare specifically for New Zealanders, by New Zealanders. It is acknowledged that the WWW is a global market place and it is therefore difficult to identify New Zealanders’ use of such a global market, but we have attempted to provide a New Zealand perspective on electronic medical consultation.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>electronic medical consultation, on-line health, New Zealand</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-14.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 60KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-15">2000/15: Analysis of the macroeconomic development of European and Asia-Pacific countries with the use of connectionist models</a></h3> <h4>N. Kasabov, H. Akpinar, L. Rizzi and D. Deng</h4> <p>The paper applies novel techniques for on-line, adaptive learning of macroeconomic data and a consecutive analysis and prediction. The evolving connectionist system paradigm (ECOS) is used in its two versions—unsupervised (evolving self-organised maps), and supervised (evolving fuzzy neural networks—EFuNN). In addition to these techniques self-organised maps (SOM) are also employed for finding clusters of countries based on their macroeconomic parameters. EFuNNs allow for modelling, clustering, prediction and rule extraction. The rules that describe future annual values for the consumer price index (CPI), interest rate, unemployment and GDP per capita are extracted from data and reported in the paper for both global—EU-Asia block of countries, and for smaller groups—EU, EU-candidate countries, Asia-Pacific countries. The analysis and prediction models proof to be useful tools for the analysis of trends in macroeconomic development of clusters of countries and their future prediction.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>neural networks, fuzzy rules, evolving connectionist systems, macroeconomic clusters</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-16">2000/16: Evolving localised learning for on-line colour image quantisation</a></h3> <h4>D. Deng and N. Kasabov</h4> <p>Although widely studied for many years, colour image quantisation remains a challenging problem. We propose to use an evolving self-organising map model for the on-line image quantisation tasks. Encouraging results are obtained in experiments and we look forward to implementing the algorithm in real world applications with further improvement.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-16.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 2.1MB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-17">2000/17: Using consensus ensembles to identify suspect data</a></h3> <h4>D. Clark</h4> <p>In a consensus ensemble all members must agree before they classify a data point. But even when they all agree some data is still misclassified. In this paper we look closely at consistently misclassified data to investigate whether some of it may be outliers or may have been mislabeled.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-17.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 198KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-18">2000/18: Elementary structures in entity-relationship diagrams as a diagnostic tool in data modelling and a basis for effort estimation</a></h3> <h4>G. Kennedy</h4> <p>Elsewhere Kennedy describes three elementary structures to be found in entity-relationship diagrams. Here, each of these structures is considered in the context of a transaction processing system and a specific set of components that can be associated with the structure is described. Next, an example is given illustrating the use of elementary structures as an analytical tool for data modelling and a diagnostic tool for the identification of errors in the resulting data model. It is conjectured that the amount of effort associated with each structure can be measured. A new approach for the estimation of the total effort required to develop a system, based on a count of the elementary structures present in the entity-relationship diagram, is then proposed. The approach is appealing because it can be automated and because it can be applied earlier in the development cycle than other estimation methods currently in use. The question of a suitable counting strategy remains open.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>data modelling, design tools and techniques, entity-relationship model, software metrics</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-18.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 81KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-19">2000/19: Comparing Huber’s M-Estimator function with the mean square error in backpropagation networks when the training data is noisy</a></h3> <h4>D. Clark</h4> <p>In any data set there some of the data will be bad or noisy. This study identifies two types of noise and investigates the effect of each in the training data of backpropagation neural networks. It also compares the mean square error function with a more robust alternative advocated by Huber.</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-19.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 198KB)</p> <hr> <h3><a name="dp2000-20">2000/20: A framework for distributed workflow systems</a></h3> <h4>M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu</h4> <p>Workflow management systems (WFMS) are being adopted to assist the automation of business processes that involve the exchange of information. As a result of developments in distributed information system technology, it is now possible to extend the WFMS idea to wider spheres of activity in the industrial and commercial world and thereby to encompass the increasingly sprawling nature of modern organisations. This paper describes a framework under development that employs such technology so that software tools and processes may interoperate in a distributed and dynamic environment. The framework employs Petri nets to model the interaction between various sub-processes. CORBA technology is used to enable different participants who are physically disparate to monitor activity in and make resource-level adaptations to their particular subnet.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>distributed systems, workflow, process modelling, Petri nets</p> <p><a href="papers/dp2000-20.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 199KB)</p>

Ignore Space Show notes View

Website/dp2000-abstracts-contents.htm

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-01">2000/01: Investigating complexities through computational techniques</a></h3>
<h4>A. Holt</h4>

<p>This article outlines similarity applied to the general environment and geographical information domains. The hypothesis is if physical and social sciences manifest similar amenities, then similarity would be a generative technique to analyse the cached information inherent in the data retrieved. Similarity is examined concerning the spatial grouping of natural kinds in a complex environment.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 206 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-02">2000/02: Integrating environmental information: Incorporating metadata in a distributed information systems architecture</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis</h4>

<p>An approach is presented for incorporating metatata constraints into queries to be processed by a distributed environmental information system. The approach, based on a novel metamodel unifying concepts from the Unified Modelling Language (UML), the Object Query Language (OQL), and the Resource Description Framework (RDF), allows metadata information to be represented and processed in combination with regular data queries.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 134 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-03">2000/03: Modelling the emergence of speech sound categories in evolving connectionist systems</a></h3>
<h4>J. Taylor, N. Kasabov and R. Kilgour</h4>

<p>We report on the clustering of nodes in internally represented acoustic space. Learners of different languages partition perceptual space distinctly. Here, an Evolving Connectionist-Based System (ECOS) is used to model the perceptual space of New Zealand English. Currently, the system evolves in an unsupervised, self-organising manner. The perceptual space can be visualised, and the important features of the input patterns analysed. Additionally, the path of the internal representations can be seen. The results here will be used to develop a supervised system that can be used for speech recognition based on the evolved, internal sub-word units.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 125 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-04">2000/04: Analysis of the New Zealand and M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori on-line translator</a></h3>
<h4>M. Laws, R. Kilgour and M. Watts</h4>

<p>The English and M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori word translator ng<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span> aho whakam<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori-<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>-tuhi was designed to provide single head-word translations to on-line web users. There are over 13,000 words all based on traditional text sources, derived because of their high frequency used within each of the respective languages. The translator has been operational for well over a year now, and it has had the highest web traffic usage in the Department of Information Science. Two log files were generated to record domain hits and language translations, both provided the up-to-date data for analysis contained in this paper.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 202 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-05">2000/05: Development of a M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori database for speech perception and generation</a></h3>
<h4>M. Laws</h4>

<p>M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori speech data collection and analysis is an ongoing process, as new and existing data sets are continuously accessed for many different experimental speech perception and generation processing tasks. A data management system is an important tool to facilitate the systematic techniques applied to the speech and language data. Identification of the core components for M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori speech and language databases, translation systems, speech recognition and speech synthesis have been undertaken as research themes. The latter component will be the main area of discussion here. So to hasten the development of M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori speech synthesis, joint collaborative research with established international projects has begun. This will allow the M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori language to be presented to the wider scientific community well in advance of other similar languages, many times it&#8217;s own size and distribution. Propagation of the M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori language via the information communication technology (ICT) medium is advantageous to it&#8217;s long term survival.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 243 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-06">2000/06: Evolving self-organizing maps for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling</a></h3>
<h4>D. Deng and N. Kasabov</h4>

<p>In real world information systems, data analysis and processing are usually needed to be done in an on-line, self-adaptive way. In this respect, neural algorithms of incremental learning and constructive network models are of increased interest. In this paper we present a new algorithm of evolving self-organizing map (ESOM), which features fast one-pass learning, dynamic network structure, and good visualisation ability. Simulations have been carried out on some benchmark data sets for classification and prediction tasks, as well as on some macroeconomic data for data analysis. Compared with other methods, ESOM achieved better classification with much shorter learning time. Its performance for time series modelling is also comparable, requiring more hidden units but with only one-pass learning. Our results demonstrate that ESOM is an effective computational model for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 233 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-07">2000/07: Extending agent messaging to enable OO information exchange</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis</h4>

<p>It is canonical practice in agent-based systems to use a declarative format for the exchange of information. The increasing usage and facility of object-oriented tools and techniques, however, suggests there may be benefits in combining the use of object-oriented modelling approaches with agent-based messaging. In this paper we outline our efforts in connection with the New Zealand Distributed Information Systems project to use object-oriented knowledge representation in an agent-based architecture. Issues and tradeoffs are discussed, as well as the possible extensions to current agent-based message protocols that may be necessary in order to support object-oriented information exchange.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-07.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 85 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-08">2000/08: Is it an ontology or an abstract syntax? Modelling objects, knowledge and agent messages</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield, M.K. Purvis and M. Nowostawski</h4>

<p>This paper describes a system of interlinked ontologies to describe the concepts underlying FIPA agent communication. A meta-modelling approach is used to relate object-oriented domain ontologies and abstract models of agent communication and content languages and to describe them in a single framework. The modelling language used is the Unified Modeling Language, which is extended by adding the concepts of resource and reference. The resulting framework provides an elegant basis for the development of agent systems that combine object-oriented information representation with agent messaging protocols.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 100 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-09">2000/09: A viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations</a></h3>
<h4>N. Stanger</h4>

<p>When modelling a real-world phenomenon, it can often be useful to have multiple descriptions of the phenomenon, each expressed using a different modelling approach or representation. Different representations such as entity-relationship modelling, data flow modelling and use case modelling allow analysts to describe different aspects of real-world phenomena, thus providing a more thorough understanding than if a single representation were used. Researchers working with multiple representations have approached the problem from many different fields, resulting in a diverse and potentially confusing set of terminologies. In this paper is described a viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations to describe real-world phenomena. This framework provides a consistent and integrated terminology for researchers working with multiple representations. An abstract notation is also defined for expressing concepts within the framework.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-09.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 478 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-10">2000/10: A shape metric for evolving time series models</a></h3>
<h4>P. Whigham and C. Aldridge</h4>

<p>Most applications of Genetic Programming to time series modeling use a fitness measure for comparing potential solutions that treat each point in the time series independently. This non-temporal approach can lead to some potential solutions being given a relatively high fitness measure even though they do not correspond to the training data when the overall shape of the series is taken into account. This paper develops two fitness measures which emphasize the concept of shape when measuring the similarity between a training and evolved time series. One approach extends the root mean square error to higher dimensional derivatives of the series. The second approach uses a simplified derivative concept that describes shape in terms of positive, negative and zero slope.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-10.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 561 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-11">2000/11: Translating descriptions of a viewpoint among different representations</a></h3>
<h4>N. Stanger</h4>

<p>An important part of the systems development process is building models of real-world phenomena. These phenomena are described by many different kinds of information, and this diversity has resulted in a wide variety of modelling representations. Some types of information are better expressed by some representations than others, so it is sensible to use multiple representations to describe a real-world phenomenon. The author has developed an approach to facilitating the use of multiple representations within a single viewpoint by translating descriptions of the viewpoint among different representations. An important issue with such translations is their quality, or how well they map constructs of one representation to constructs of another representation. Two possible methods for improving translation quality, heuristics and enrichment, are proposed in this paper, and a preliminary metric for measuring relative translation quality is described.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-11.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 474 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-12">2000/12: An adaptive distributed workflow system framework</a></h3>
<h4>M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu</h4>

<p>Workflow management systems are increasingly used to assist the automation of business processes that involve the exchange of documents, information, or task execution results. Recent developments in distributed information system technology now make it possible to extend the workflow management system idea to much wider spheres of activity in the industrial and commercial world. This paper describes a framework under development that employs such technology so that software tools and processes may interoperate in a distributed and dynamic environment. Key technical elements of the framework include the use of coloured Petri nets and distributed object technology (CORBA).</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>distributed systems,
workflow,
process modelling</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-12.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 195 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-13">2000/13: Platforms for agent-oriented software</a></h3>
<h4>M. Nowostawski, G. Bush, M.K. Purvis and S. Cranefield</h4>

<p>The use of modelling abstractions to map from items in the real-world to objects in the computational domain is useful both for the effective implementation of abstract problem solutions and for the management of software complexity. This paper discusses the new approach of agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE), which uses the notion of an autonomous agent as its fundamental modelling abstraction. For the AOSE approach to be fully exploited, software engineers must be able to gain leverage from an agent software architecture and framework, and there are several such frameworks now publicly available. At the present time, however, there is little information concerning the options that are available and what needs to be considered when choosing or developing an agent framework. We consider three different agent software architectures that are (or will be) publicly available and evaluate some of the design and architectural differences and trade-offs that are associated with them and their impact on agent-oriented software development. Our discussion examines these frameworks in the context of an example in the area of distributed information systems.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-13.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 222 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-14">2000/14: Electronic medical consultation: A New Zealand perspective</a></h3>
<h4>C. Brebner, R. Jones, J. Krisjanous, W. Marshall, G. Parry and A. Holt</h4>

<p>Electronic medical consultation is available worldwide through access to the World Wide Web (WWW). This article outlines a research study on the adoption of electronic medical consultation as a means of health delivery. It focuses on the delivery of healthcare specifically for New Zealanders, by New Zealanders. It is acknowledged that the WWW is a global market place and it is therefore difficult to identify New Zealanders&#8217; use of such a global market, but we have attempted to provide a New Zealand perspective on electronic medical consultation.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>electronic medical consultation,
on-line health,
New Zealand</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-14.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 80 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-15">2000/15: Analysis of the macroeconomic development of European and Asia-Pacific countries with the use of connectionist models</a></h3>
<h4>N. Kasabov, H. Akpinar, L. Rizzi and D. Deng</h4>

<p>The paper applies novel techniques for on-line, adaptive learning of macroeconomic data and a consecutive analysis and prediction. The evolving connectionist system paradigm (ECOS) is used in its two versions&#8212;unsupervised (evolving self-organised maps), and supervised (evolving fuzzy neural networks&#8212;EFuNN). In addition to these techniques self-organised maps (SOM) are also employed for finding clusters of countries based on their macroeconomic parameters. EFuNNs allow for modelling, clustering, prediction and rule extraction. The rules that describe future annual values for the consumer price index (CPI), interest rate, unemployment and GDP per capita are extracted from data and reported in the paper for both global&#8212;EU-Asia block of countries, and for smaller groups&#8212;EU, EU-candidate countries, Asia-Pacific countries. The analysis and prediction models proof to be useful tools for the analysis of trends in macroeconomic development of clusters of countries and their future prediction.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>neural networks,
fuzzy rules,
evolving connectionist systems,
macroeconomic clusters</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-16">2000/16: Evolving localised learning for on-line colour image quantisation</a></h3>
<h4>D. Deng and N. Kasabov</h4>

<p>Although widely studied for many years, colour image quantisation remains a challenging problem. We propose to use an evolving self-organising map model for the on-line image quantisation tasks. Encouraging results are obtained in experiments and we look forward to implementing the algorithm in real world applications with further improvement.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-16.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 2.2 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-17">2000/17: Using consensus ensembles to identify suspect data</a></h3>
<h4>D. Clark</h4>

<p>In a consensus ensemble all members must agree before they classify a data point. But even when they all agree some data is still misclassified. In this paper we look closely at consistently misclassified data to investigate whether some of it may be outliers or may have been mislabeled.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-17.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 331 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-18">2000/18: Elementary structures in entity-relationship diagrams as a diagnostic tool in data modelling and a basis for effort estimation</a></h3>
<h4>G. Kennedy</h4>

<p>Elsewhere Kennedy describes three elementary structures to be found in entity-relationship diagrams. Here, each of these structures is considered in the context of a transaction processing system and a specific set of components that can be associated with the structure is described. Next, an example is given illustrating the use of elementary structures as an analytical tool for data modelling and a diagnostic tool for the identification of errors in the resulting data model. It is conjectured that the amount of effort associated with each structure can be measured. A new approach for the estimation of the total effort required to develop a system, based on a count of the elementary structures present in the entity-relationship diagram, is then proposed. The approach is appealing because it can be automated and because it can be applied earlier in the development cycle than other estimation methods currently in use. The question of a suitable counting strategy remains open.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>data modelling,
design tools and techniques,
entity-relationship model,
software metrics</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-18.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 112 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-19">2000/19: Comparing Huber&#8217;s M-Estimator function with the mean square error in backpropagation networks when the training data is noisy</a></h3>
<h4>D. Clark</h4>

<p>In any data set there some of the data will be bad or noisy. This study identifies two types of noise and investigates the effect of each in the training data of backpropagation neural networks. It also compares the mean square error function with a more robust alternative advocated by Huber.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-19.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 360 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-20">2000/20: A framework for distributed workflow systems</a></h3>
<h4>M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu</h4>

<p>Workflow management systems (WFMS) are being adopted to assist the automation of business processes that involve the exchange of information. As a result of developments in distributed information system technology, it is now possible to extend the WFMS idea to wider spheres of activity in the industrial and commercial world and thereby to encompass the increasingly sprawling nature of modern organisations. This paper describes a framework under development that employs such technology so that software tools and processes may interoperate in a distributed and dynamic environment. The framework employs Petri nets to model the interaction between various sub-processes. CORBA technology is used to enable different participants who are physically disparate to monitor activity in and make resource-level adaptations to their particular subnet.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>distributed systems,
workflow,
process modelling,
Petri nets</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-20.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 199 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-01">2000/01: Investigating complexities through computational techniques</a></h3>
<h4>A. Holt</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-01.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 165KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-02">2000/02: Integrating environmental information: Incorporating metadata in a distributed information systems architecture</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-02.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 126KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-03">2000/03: Modelling the emergence of speech sound categories in evolving connectionist systems</a></h3>
<h4>J. Taylor, N. Kasabov and R. Kilgour</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-03.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 117KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-04">2000/04: Analysis of the New Zealand and M&auml;ori on-line translator</a></h3>
<h4>M. Laws, R. Kilgour and M. Watts</h4>

<p>The English and M&auml;ori word translator <EM>ng&auml; aho whakam&auml;ori-&auml;-tuhi</EM> was designed to provide single head-word translations to on-line web users. There are over 13,000 words all based on traditional text sources, derived because of their high frequency used within each of the respective languages. The translator has been operational for well over a year now, and it has had the highest web traffic usage in the Department of Information Science. Two log files were generated to record domain hits and language translations, both provided the up-to-date data for analysis contained in this paper.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-04.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 183KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-05">2000/05: Development of a M&auml;ori database for speech perception and generation</a></h3>
<h4>M. Laws</h4>

<p>M&auml;ori speech data collection and analysis is an ongoing process, as new and existing data sets are continuously accessed for many different experimental speech perception and generation processing tasks. A data management system is an important tool to facilitate the systematic techniques applied to the speech and language data. Identification of the core components for M&auml;ori speech and language databases, translation systems, speech recognition and speech synthesis have been undertaken as research themes. The latter component will be the main area of discussion here. So to hasten the development of M&auml;ori speech synthesis, joint collaborative research with established international projects has begun. This will allow the M&auml;ori language to be presented to the wider scientific community well in advance of other similar languages, many times it&#8217;s own size and distribution. Propagation of the M&auml;ori language via the information communication technology (ICT) medium is advantageous to it&#8217;s long term survival.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-05.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 228KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-06">2000/06: Evolving self-organizing maps for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling</a></h3>
<h4>D. Deng and N. Kasabov</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-06.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 178KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-07">2000/07: Extending agent messaging to enable OO information exchange</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-07.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 69KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-08">2000/08: Is it an ontology or an abstract syntax? Modelling objects, knowledge and agent messages</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield, M.K. Purvis and M. Nowostawski</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-08.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 78KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-09">2000/09: A viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations</a></h3>
<h4>N. Stanger</h4>

<p>When modelling a real-world phenomenon, it can often be useful to have multiple descriptions of the phenomenon, each expressed using a different modelling approach or <EM>representation</EM>. Different representations such as entity-relationship modelling, data flow modelling and use case modelling allow analysts to describe different aspects of real-world phenomena, thus providing a more thorough understanding than if a single representation were used. Researchers working with multiple representations have approached the problem from many different fields, resulting in a diverse and potentially confusing set of terminologies. In this paper is described a viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations to describe real-world phenomena. This framework provides a consistent and integrated terminology for researchers working with multiple representations. An abstract notation is also defined for expressing concepts within the framework.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-09.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 377KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-10">2000/10: A shape metric for evolving time series models</a></h3>
<h4>P. Whigham and C. Aldridge</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-10.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 432KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-11">2000/11: Translating descriptions of a viewpoint among different representations</a></h3>
<h4>N. Stanger</h4>

<p>An important part of the systems development process is building models of real-world phenomena. These phenomena are described by many different kinds of information, and this diversity has resulted in a wide variety of modelling representations. Some types of information are better expressed by some representations than others, so it is sensible to use multiple representations to describe a real-world phenomenon. The author has developed an approach to facilitating the use of multiple representations within a single viewpoint by translating descriptions of the viewpoint among different representations. An important issue with such translations is their <EM>quality</EM>, or how well they map constructs of one representation to constructs of another representation. Two possible methods for improving translation quality, <EM>heuristics</EM> and <EM>enrichment</EM>, are proposed in this paper, and a preliminary metric for measuring relative translation quality is described.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-11.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 376KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-12">2000/12: An adaptive distributed workflow system framework</a></h3>
<h4>M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu</h4>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>distributed systems,
workflow,
process modelling</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-12.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 134KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-13">2000/13: Platforms for agent-oriented software</a></h3>
<h4>M. Nowostawski, G. Bush, M.K. Purvis and S. Cranefield</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-13.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 207KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-14">2000/14: Electronic medical consultation: A New Zealand perspective</a></h3>
<h4>C. Brebner, R. Jones, J. Krisjanous, W. Marshall, G. Parry and A. Holt</h4>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>electronic medical consultation,
on-line health,
New Zealand</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-14.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 60KB)</p>

<hr>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>neural networks,
fuzzy rules,
evolving connectionist systems,
macroeconomic clusters</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-16">2000/16: Evolving localised learning for on-line colour image quantisation</a></h3>
<h4>D. Deng and N. Kasabov</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-16.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 2.1MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-17">2000/17: Using consensus ensembles to identify suspect data</a></h3>
<h4>D. Clark</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-17.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 198KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-18">2000/18: Elementary structures in entity-relationship diagrams as a diagnostic tool in data modelling and a basis for effort estimation</a></h3>
<h4>G. Kennedy</h4>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>data modelling,
design tools and techniques,
entity-relationship model,
software metrics</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-18.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 81KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-19">2000/19: Comparing Huber&#8217;s M-Estimator function with the mean square error in backpropagation networks when the training data is noisy</a></h3>
<h4>D. Clark</h4>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-19.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 198KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2000-20">2000/20: A framework for distributed workflow systems</a></h3>
<h4>M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu</h4>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>distributed systems,
workflow,
process modelling,
Petri nets</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2000-20.pdf.gz">Download</a> (gzipped PDF, 199KB)</p>

Ignore Space Show notes View Website/dps1994-include.htm
<!-- <link rel="Stylesheet" href="DPSstyles.css" type="text/css"> <h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 1994</h2> --> <?php //include("dpblurb.htm");?> <?php //include("menu.htm");?> <!-- <h3><a name="1994">1994</a></h3> --> <p><strong>94/1:</strong> P.J. Sallis. <em>A comparison of authorship style in the document corpus of the Epistles of St. Ignatius of Antioch.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9401">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-01.pdf">Download</a> (885 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/2:</strong> P.J. Sallis. <em>Management perceptions of IS research and development issues.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9402">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-02.pdf">Download</a> (599 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/3:</strong> G.L. Benwell and S.G. MacDonell. <em>Assessing the graphical and algorithmic structure of hierarchical coloured Petri net models.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9403">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-03.pdf">Download</a> (427 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/4:</strong> N.K. Kasabov and E. Peev. <em>Phoneme recognition with hierarchical self organised neural networks and fuzzy systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9404">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-04.pdf">Download</a> (258 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/5:</strong> N.K. Kasabov, S.H. Lavington, S. Lin and C. Wang. <em>A model for exploiting associative matching in AI production systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9405">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-05.pdf">Download</a> (301 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/6:</strong> G.L. Benwell. <em>A system development methodology for geomatics as derived from informatics.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9406">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-06.pdf">Download</a> (1.3 MB)</p> <p><strong>94/7:</strong> M.K. Purvis, S.G. MacDonell and J. Westland. <em>Software metrics in New Zealand: Recent trends.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9407">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/8:</strong> S.G. MacDonell. <em>A comparative review of functional complexity assessment methods for effort estimation.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9408">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-08.pdf">Download</a> (259 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/9:</strong> H.B. Wolfe. <em>Viruses: What can we really do?</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9409">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/10:</strong> L. Gonzalez and G.L. Benwell. <em>Stochastic models of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9410">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/11:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Towards using hybrid connectionist fuzzy production systems for speech recognition.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9411">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/12:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Connectionist fuzzy production systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9412">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/13:</strong> W.B.L. Wong. <em>Information display design: A survey of visual display formats.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9413">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-13.pdf">Download</a> (1.6 MB)</p> <p><strong>94/14:</strong> P.G. Firns. <em>A conceptual data modelling framework incorporating the notion of a thematic layer.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9414">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-14.pdf">Download</a> (1.1 MB)</p> <p><strong>94/15:</strong> I.J. Cranwell and G.L. Benwell. <em>Recording, placement and presentation of M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori place names in a spatial information system.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9415">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-15.pdf">Download</a> (1.1 MB)</p> <p><strong>94/16:</strong> S.J.S. Cranefield. <em>Towards the deductive synthesis of nonlinear plans.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9416">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/17:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Hybrid fuzzy connectionist rule-based systems and the role of fuzzy rules extraction.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9417">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/18:</strong> N.K. Kasabov, C.I. Watson, S. Sinclair and R. Kilgour. <em>Integrating neural networks and fuzzy systems for speech recognition.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9418">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/19:</strong> C.I. Watson. <em>The visual display test: A test to assess the usefulness of a visual speech aid.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9419">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-19.pdf">Download</a> (257 KB)</p> <?php //include("menu.htm");?> <!-- <link rel="Stylesheet" href="DPSstyles.css" type="text/css"> <h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 1994</h2> --> <?php //include("dpblurb.htm");?> <?php //include("menu.htm");?> <!-- <h3><a name="1994">1994</a></h3> --> <p><strong>94/1:</strong> P.J. Sallis. <em>A comparison of authorship style in the document corpus of the Epistles of St. Ignatius of Antioch.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9401">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-01.pdf">Download</a> (885 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/2:</strong> P.J. Sallis. <em>Management perceptions of IS research and development issues.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9402">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-02.pdf">Download</a> (599 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/3:</strong> G.L. Benwell and S.G. MacDonell. <em>Assessing the graphical and algorithmic structure of hierarchical coloured Petri net models.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9403">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-03.pdf">Download</a> (427 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/4:</strong> N.K. Kasabov and E. Peev. <em>Phoneme recognition with hierarchical self organised neural networks and fuzzy systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9404">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-04.pdf">Download</a> (258 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/5:</strong> N.K. Kasabov, S.H. Lavington, S. Lin and C. Wang. <em>A model for exploiting associative matching in AI production systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9405">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/6:</strong> G.L. Benwell. <em>A system development methodology for geomatics as derived from informatics.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9406">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-06.pdf">Download</a> (1.3 MB)</p> <p><strong>94/7:</strong> M.K. Purvis, S.G. MacDonell and J. Westland. <em>Software metrics in New Zealand: Recent trends.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9407">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/8:</strong> S.G. MacDonell. <em>A comparative review of functional complexity assessment methods for effort estimation.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9408">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-08.pdf">Download</a> (259 KB)</p> <p><strong>94/9:</strong> H.B. Wolfe. <em>Viruses: What can we really do?</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9409">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/10:</strong> L. Gonzalez and G.L. Benwell. <em>Stochastic models of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9410">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/11:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Towards using hybrid connectionist fuzzy production systems for speech recognition.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9411">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/12:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Connectionist fuzzy production systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9412">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/13:</strong> W.B.L. Wong. <em>Information display design: A survey of visual display formats.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9413">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-13.pdf">Download</a> (1.6 MB)</p> <p><strong>94/14:</strong> P.G. Firns. <em>A conceptual data modelling framework incorporating the notion of a thematic layer.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9414">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-14.pdf">Download</a> (1.1 MB)</p> <p><strong>94/15:</strong> I.J. Cranwell and G.L. Benwell. <em>Recording, placement and presentation of M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori place names in a spatial information system.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9415">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-15.pdf">Download</a> (1.1 MB)</p> <p><strong>94/16:</strong> S.J.S. Cranefield. <em>Towards the deductive synthesis of nonlinear plans.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9416">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/17:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Hybrid fuzzy connectionist rule-based systems and the role of fuzzy rules extraction.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9417">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/18:</strong> N.K. Kasabov, C.I. Watson, S. Sinclair and R. Kilgour. <em>Integrating neural networks and fuzzy systems for speech recognition.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9418">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>94/19:</strong> C.I. Watson. <em>The visual display test: A test to assess the usefulness of a visual speech aid.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9419">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp1994-19.pdf">Download</a> (257 KB)</p> <?php //include("menu.htm");?>

Ignore Space Show notes View

Website/dps1994-include.htm

<?php //include("dpblurb.htm");?>
<?php //include("menu.htm");?>

<p><strong>94/1:</strong> P.J. Sallis. <em>A comparison of authorship style in the document corpus of the Epistles of St. Ignatius of Antioch.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9401">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-01.pdf">Download</a> (885 KB)</p>

<p><strong>94/2:</strong> P.J. Sallis. <em>Management perceptions of IS research and development issues.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9402">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-02.pdf">Download</a> (599 KB)</p>

<p><strong>94/3:</strong> G.L. Benwell and S.G. MacDonell. <em>Assessing the graphical and algorithmic structure of hierarchical coloured Petri net models.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9403">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-03.pdf">Download</a> (427 KB)</p>

<p><strong>94/4:</strong> N.K. Kasabov and E. Peev. <em>Phoneme recognition with hierarchical self organised neural networks and fuzzy systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9404">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-04.pdf">Download</a> (258 KB)</p>

<p><strong>94/5:</strong> N.K. Kasabov, S.H. Lavington, S. Lin and C. Wang. <em>A model for exploiting associative matching in AI production systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9405">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-05.pdf">Download</a> (301 KB)</p>

<p><strong>94/6:</strong> G.L. Benwell. <em>A system development methodology for geomatics as derived from informatics.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9406">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-06.pdf">Download</a> (1.3 MB)</p>

<p><strong>94/7:</strong> M.K. Purvis, S.G. MacDonell and J. Westland. <em>Software metrics in New Zealand: Recent trends.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9407">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/8:</strong> S.G. MacDonell. <em>A comparative review of functional complexity assessment methods for effort estimation.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9408">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-08.pdf">Download</a> (259 KB)</p>

<p><strong>94/9:</strong> H.B. Wolfe. <em>Viruses: What can we really do?</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9409">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/10:</strong> L. Gonzalez and G.L. Benwell. <em>Stochastic models of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9410">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/11:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Towards using hybrid connectionist fuzzy production systems for speech recognition.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9411">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/12:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Connectionist fuzzy production systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9412">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/13:</strong> W.B.L. Wong. <em>Information display design: A survey of visual display formats.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9413">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-13.pdf">Download</a> (1.6 MB)</p>

<p><strong>94/14:</strong> P.G. Firns. <em>A conceptual data modelling framework incorporating the notion of a thematic layer.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9414">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-14.pdf">Download</a> (1.1 MB)</p>

<p><strong>94/15:</strong> I.J. Cranwell and G.L. Benwell. <em>Recording, placement and presentation of M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori place names in a spatial information system.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9415">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-15.pdf">Download</a> (1.1 MB)</p>

<p><strong>94/16:</strong> S.J.S. Cranefield. <em>Towards the deductive synthesis of nonlinear plans.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9416">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/17:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Hybrid fuzzy connectionist rule-based systems and the role of fuzzy rules extraction.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9417">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/18:</strong> N.K. Kasabov, C.I. Watson, S. Sinclair and R. Kilgour. <em>Integrating neural networks and fuzzy systems for speech recognition.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9418">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/19:</strong> C.I. Watson. <em>The visual display test: A test to assess the usefulness of a visual speech aid.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9419">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp1994-19.pdf">Download</a> (257 KB)</p>

<?php //include("menu.htm");?>

<?php //include("dpblurb.htm");?>
<?php //include("menu.htm");?>

<p><strong>94/7:</strong> M.K. Purvis, S.G. MacDonell and J. Westland. <em>Software metrics in New Zealand: Recent trends.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9407">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/9:</strong> H.B. Wolfe. <em>Viruses: What can we really do?</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9409">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/10:</strong> L. Gonzalez and G.L. Benwell. <em>Stochastic models of the behaviour of scrubweeds in Southland and Otago.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9410">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/11:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Towards using hybrid connectionist fuzzy production systems for speech recognition.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9411">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/12:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Connectionist fuzzy production systems.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9412">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/16:</strong> S.J.S. Cranefield. <em>Towards the deductive synthesis of nonlinear plans.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9416">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>94/17:</strong> N.K. Kasabov. <em>Hybrid fuzzy connectionist rule-based systems and the role of fuzzy rules extraction.</em> <a href="dp1994-abstracts.htm#dp9417">Abstract</a> </p>

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Ignore Space Show notes View Website/dps2000-include.htm
<!-- <link rel="Stylesheet" href="DPSstyles.css" type="text/css"> <h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 2000</h2> --> <?php //include("dpblurb.htm");?> <?php //include("menu.htm");?> <!-- <h3><a name="2000">2000</a></h3> --> <p><strong>2000/01:</strong> A. Holt. <em>Investigating complexities through computational techniques.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-01">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-01.pdf">Download</a> (206 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/02:</strong> S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis. <em>Integrating environmental information: Incorporating metadata in a distributed information systems architecture.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-02">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-02.pdf">Download</a> (134 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/03:</strong> J. Taylor, N. Kasabov and R. Kilgour. <em>Modelling the emergence of speech sound categories in evolving connectionist systems.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-03">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-03.pdf">Download</a> (125 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/04:</strong> M. Laws, R. Kilgour and M. Watts. <em>Analysis of the New Zealand and M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori on-line translator.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-04">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-04.pdf">Download</a> (202 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/05:</strong> M. Laws. <em>Development of a M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori database for speech perception and generation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-05">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-05.pdf">Download</a> (243 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/06:</strong> D. Deng and N. Kasabov. <em>Evolving self-organizing maps for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-06">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-06.pdf">Download</a> (233 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/07:</strong> S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis. <em>Extending agent messaging to enable OO information exchange.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-07">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-07.pdf">Download</a> (85 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/08:</strong> S. Cranefield, M.K. Purvis and M. Nowostawski. <em>Is it an ontology or an abstract syntax? Modelling objects, knowledge and agent messages.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-08">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-08.pdf">Download</a> (100 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/09:</strong> N. Stanger. <em>A viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-09">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-09.pdf">Download</a> (478 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/10:</strong> P. Whigham and C. Aldridge. <em>A shape metric for evolving time series models.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-10">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-10.pdf">Download</a> (561 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/11:</strong> N. Stanger. <em>Translating descriptions of a viewpoint among different representations.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-11">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-11.pdf">Download</a> (474 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/12:</strong> M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu. <em>An adaptive distributed workflow system framework.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-12">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-12.pdf">Download</a> (195 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/13:</strong> M. Nowostawski, G. Bush, M.K. Purvis and S. Cranefield. <em>Platforms for agent-oriented software.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-13">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-13.pdf">Download</a> (222 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/14:</strong> C. Brebner, R. Jones, J. Krisjanous, W. Marshall, G. Parry and A. Holt. <em>Electronic medical consultation: A New Zealand perspective.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-14">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-14.pdf">Download</a> (80 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/15:</strong> N. Kasabov, H. Akpinar, L. Rizzi and D. Deng. <em>Analysis of the macroeconomic development of European and Asia-Pacific countries with the use of connectionist models.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-15">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>2000/16:</strong> D. Deng and N. Kasabov. <em>Evolving localised learning for on-line colour image quantisation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-16">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-16.pdf">Download</a> (2.2 MB)</p> <p><strong>2000/17:</strong> D. Clark. <em>Using consensus ensembles to identify suspect data.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-17">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-17.pdf">Download</a> (331 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/18:</strong> G. Kennedy. <em>Elementary structures in entity-relationship diagrams as a diagnostic tool in data modelling and a basis for effort estimation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-18">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-18.pdf">Download</a> (112 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/19:</strong> D. Clark. <em>Comparing Huber’s M-Estimator function with the mean square error in backpropagation networks when the training data is noisy.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-19">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-19.pdf">Download</a> (360 KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/20:</strong> M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu. <em>A framework for distributed workflow systems.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-20">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-20.pdf">Download</a> (199 KB)</p> <?php //include("menu.htm");?> <!-- <link rel="Stylesheet" href="DPSstyles.css" type="text/css"> <h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 2000</h2> --> <?php //include("dpblurb.htm");?> <?php //include("menu.htm");?> <!-- <h3><a name="2000">2000</a></h3> --> <p><strong>2000/01:</strong> A. Holt. <em>Investigating complexities through computational techniques.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-01">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-01.pdf.gz">Download</a> (165KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/02:</strong> S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis. <em>Integrating environmental information: Incorporating metadata in a distributed information systems architecture.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-02">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-02.pdf.gz">Download</a> (126KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/03:</strong> J. Taylor, N. Kasabov and R. Kilgour. <em>Modelling the emergence of speech sound categories in evolving connectionist systems.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-03">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-03.pdf.gz">Download</a> (117KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/04:</strong> M. Laws, R. Kilgour and M. Watts. <em>Analysis of the New Zealand and Mäori on-line translator.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-04">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-04.pdf.gz">Download</a> (183KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/05:</strong> M. Laws. <em>Development of a Mäori database for speech perception and generation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-05">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-05.pdf.gz">Download</a> (228KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/06:</strong> D. Deng and N. Kasabov. <em>Evolving self-organizing maps for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-06">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-06.pdf.gz">Download</a> (178KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/07:</strong> S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis. <em>Extending agent messaging to enable OO information exchange.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-07">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-07.pdf.gz">Download</a> (69KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/08:</strong> S. Cranefield, M.K. Purvis and M. Nowostawski. <em>Is it an ontology or an abstract syntax? Modelling objects, knowledge and agent messages.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-08">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-08.pdf.gz">Download</a> (78KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/09:</strong> N. Stanger. <em>A viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-09">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-09.pdf.gz">Download</a> (377KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/10:</strong> P. Whigham and C. Aldridge. <em>A shape metric for evolving time series models.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-10">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-10.pdf.gz">Download</a> (432KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/11:</strong> N. Stanger. <em>Translating descriptions of a viewpoint among different representations.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-11">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-11.pdf.gz">Download</a> (376KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/12:</strong> M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu. <em>An adaptive distributed workflow system framework.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-12">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-12.pdf.gz">Download</a> (134KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/13:</strong> M. Nowostawski, G. Bush, M.K. Purvis and S. Cranefield. <em>Platforms for agent-oriented software.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-13">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-13.pdf.gz">Download</a> (207KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/14:</strong> C. Brebner, R. Jones, J. Krisjanous, W. Marshall, G. Parry and A. Holt. <em>Electronic medical consultation: A New Zealand perspective.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-14">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-14.pdf.gz">Download</a> (60KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/15:</strong> N. Kasabov, H. Akpinar, L. Rizzi and D. Deng. <em>Analysis of the macroeconomic development of European and Asia-Pacific countries with the use of connectionist models.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-15">Abstract</a> </p> <p><strong>2000/16:</strong> D. Deng and N. Kasabov. <em>Evolving localised learning for on-line colour image quantisation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-16">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-16.pdf.gz">Download</a> (2.1MB)</p> <p><strong>2000/17:</strong> D. Clark. <em>Using consensus ensembles to identify suspect data.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-17">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-17.pdf.gz">Download</a> (198KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/18:</strong> G. Kennedy. <em>Elementary structures in entity-relationship diagrams as a diagnostic tool in data modelling and a basis for effort estimation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-18">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-18.pdf.gz">Download</a> (81KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/19:</strong> D. Clark. <em>Comparing Huber’s M-Estimator function with the mean square error in backpropagation networks when the training data is noisy.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-19">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-19.pdf.gz">Download</a> (198KB)</p> <p><strong>2000/20:</strong> M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu. <em>A framework for distributed workflow systems.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-20">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2000-20.pdf.gz">Download</a> (199KB)</p> <?php //include("menu.htm");?>

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<p><strong>2000/01:</strong> A. Holt. <em>Investigating complexities through computational techniques.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-01">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-01.pdf">Download</a> (206 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/02:</strong> S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis. <em>Integrating environmental information: Incorporating metadata in a distributed information systems architecture.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-02">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-02.pdf">Download</a> (134 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/03:</strong> J. Taylor, N. Kasabov and R. Kilgour. <em>Modelling the emergence of speech sound categories in evolving connectionist systems.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-03">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-03.pdf">Download</a> (125 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/04:</strong> M. Laws, R. Kilgour and M. Watts. <em>Analysis of the New Zealand and M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori on-line translator.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-04">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-04.pdf">Download</a> (202 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/05:</strong> M. Laws. <em>Development of a M<span style="text-decoration:overline">a</span>ori database for speech perception and generation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-05">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-05.pdf">Download</a> (243 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/06:</strong> D. Deng and N. Kasabov. <em>Evolving self-organizing maps for on-line learning, data analysis and modelling.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-06">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-06.pdf">Download</a> (233 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/07:</strong> S. Cranefield and M.K. Purvis. <em>Extending agent messaging to enable OO information exchange.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-07">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-07.pdf">Download</a> (85 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/08:</strong> S. Cranefield, M.K. Purvis and M. Nowostawski. <em>Is it an ontology or an abstract syntax? Modelling objects, knowledge and agent messages.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-08">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-08.pdf">Download</a> (100 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/09:</strong> N. Stanger. <em>A viewpoint-based framework for discussing the use of multiple modelling representations.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-09">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-09.pdf">Download</a> (478 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/10:</strong> P. Whigham and C. Aldridge. <em>A shape metric for evolving time series models.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-10">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-10.pdf">Download</a> (561 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/11:</strong> N. Stanger. <em>Translating descriptions of a viewpoint among different representations.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-11">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-11.pdf">Download</a> (474 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/12:</strong> M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu. <em>An adaptive distributed workflow system framework.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-12">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-12.pdf">Download</a> (195 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/13:</strong> M. Nowostawski, G. Bush, M.K. Purvis and S. Cranefield. <em>Platforms for agent-oriented software.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-13">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-13.pdf">Download</a> (222 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/14:</strong> C. Brebner, R. Jones, J. Krisjanous, W. Marshall, G. Parry and A. Holt. <em>Electronic medical consultation: A New Zealand perspective.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-14">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-14.pdf">Download</a> (80 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/15:</strong> N. Kasabov, H. Akpinar, L. Rizzi and D. Deng. <em>Analysis of the macroeconomic development of European and Asia-Pacific countries with the use of connectionist models.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-15">Abstract</a> </p>

<p><strong>2000/16:</strong> D. Deng and N. Kasabov. <em>Evolving localised learning for on-line colour image quantisation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-16">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-16.pdf">Download</a> (2.2 MB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/17:</strong> D. Clark. <em>Using consensus ensembles to identify suspect data.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-17">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-17.pdf">Download</a> (331 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/18:</strong> G. Kennedy. <em>Elementary structures in entity-relationship diagrams as a diagnostic tool in data modelling and a basis for effort estimation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-18">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-18.pdf">Download</a> (112 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/19:</strong> D. Clark. <em>Comparing Huber&#8217;s M-Estimator function with the mean square error in backpropagation networks when the training data is noisy.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-19">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-19.pdf">Download</a> (360 KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/20:</strong> M.K. Purvis, M.A. Purvis and S. Lemalu. <em>A framework for distributed workflow systems.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-20">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-20.pdf">Download</a> (199 KB)</p>

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<p><strong>2000/04:</strong> M. Laws, R. Kilgour and M. Watts. <em>Analysis of the New Zealand and M&auml;ori on-line translator.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-04">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-04.pdf.gz">Download</a> (183KB)</p>

<p><strong>2000/05:</strong> M. Laws. <em>Development of a M&auml;ori database for speech perception and generation.</em> <a href="dp2000-abstracts.htm#dp2000-05">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2000-05.pdf.gz">Download</a> (228KB)</p>

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