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          Website/dp2005-abstracts-contents.htm
 <h4>S. Cranefield</h4>
 
<p>This paper proposes a rule language for defining social expectations based on a metric interval temporal logic with past and future modalities and a current time binding operator. An algorithm for run-time monitoring compliance of rules in this language based on formula progression is also presented.</p>
 
<p><a href="papers/dp2005-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 192 KB)</p>
<p><a href="papers/dp2005-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 188 KB)</p>
 
<hr>
 
<h3><a name="dp2005-02">2005/02: An application of Bayesian network for predicting object-oriented software maintainability</a></h3>
<h4>C. van Koten and A. Gray</h4>
 
<p>As the number of object-oriented software systems increases, it becomes more important for organizations to maintain those systems effectively. However, currently only a small number of maintainability prediction models are available for objectoriented systems. This paper presents a Bayesian network maintainability prediction model for an object-oriented software system. The model is constructed using object-oriented metric data in Li and Henry&#8217;s datasets, which were collected from two different object-oriented systems. Prediction accuracy of the model is evaluated and compared with commonly used regression-based models. The results suggest that the Bayesian network model can predict maintainability more accurately than the regression-based models for one system, and almost as accurately as the best regression-based model for the other system.</p>
<p>As the number of object-oriented software systems increases, it becomes more important for organizations to maintain those systems effectively. However, currently only a small number of maintainability prediction models are available for objectoriented systems. This paper presents a Bayesian network maintainability prediction model for an object-oriented software system. The model is constructed using object-oriented metric data in Li and HenryÕs datasets, which were collected from two different object-oriented systems. Prediction accuracy of the model is evaluated and compared with commonly used regression-based models. The results suggest that the Bayesian network model can predict maintainability more accurately than the regression-based models for one system, and almost as accurately as the best regression-based model for the other system.</p>
 
<p><a href="papers/dp2005-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 289 KB)</p>
<p><a href="papers/dp2005-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 287 KB)</p>
 
<hr>
 
<h3><a name="dp2005-03">2005/03: Self-adaptation and dynamic environment experiments with evolvable virtual machines</a></h3>
<h4>B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis, M. Purvis and S. Cranefield</h4>
 
<p>Rapid changes in the business environment call for more flexible and adaptive workflow systems. Researchers have proposed that Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) comprising multiple agents can provide these capabilities. We have developed a multi-agent based workflow system, JBees, which supports distributed process models and the adaptability of executing processes. Modern workflow systems should also have the flexibility to integrate available web services as they are updated. In this paper we discuss how our agent-based architecture can be used to bind and access web services in the context of executing a workflow process model. We use an example from the diamond processing industry to show how our agent architecture can be used to integrate web services with WfMSs.</p>
 
<p><a href="papers/dp2005-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 439 KB)</p>
<p><a href="papers/dp2005-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 433 KB)</p>
 
<hr>
 
<h3><a name="dp2005-06">2005/06: A graphical notation for physical database modelling</a></h3>

            <link rel="Stylesheet" href="/infosci/styles.css" type="text/css">
<h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 2005 Abstracts</h2>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-01">2005/01: A rule language for modelling and monitoring social expectations in multi-agent systems</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield</h4>

<p>This paper proposes a rule language for defining social expectations based on a metric interval temporal logic with past and future modalities and a current time binding operator. An algorithm for run-time monitoring compliance of rules in this language based on formula progression is also presented.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 188 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-02">2005/02: An application of Bayesian network for predicting object-oriented software maintainability</a></h3>
<h4>C. van Koten and A. Gray</h4>

<p>As the number of object-oriented software systems increases, it becomes more important for organizations to maintain those systems effectively. However, currently only a small number of maintainability prediction models are available for objectoriented systems. This paper presents a Bayesian network maintainability prediction model for an object-oriented software system. The model is constructed using object-oriented metric data in Li and HenryÕs datasets, which were collected from two different object-oriented systems. Prediction accuracy of the model is evaluated and compared with commonly used regression-based models. The results suggest that the Bayesian network model can predict maintainability more accurately than the regression-based models for one system, and almost as accurately as the best regression-based model for the other system.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 287 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-03">2005/03: Self-adaptation and dynamic environment experiments with evolvable virtual machines</a></h3>
<h4>M. Nowostawski, L. Epiney and M. Purvis</h4>

<p>Increasing complexity of software applications forces researchers to look for automated ways of programming and adapting these systems. Self-adapting, self-organising software system is one of the possible ways to tackle and manage higher complexity. A set of small independent problem solvers, working together in a dynamic environment, solving multiple tasks, and dynamically adapting to changing requirements is one way of achieving true self-adaptation in software systems. Our work presents a dynamic multi-task environment and experiments with a self-adapting software system. The Evolvable Virtual Machine (EVM) architecture is a model for building complex hierarchically organised software systems. The intrinsic properties of EVM allow the independent programs to evolve into higher levels of complexity, in a way analogous to multi-level, or hierarchical evolutionary processes. The EVM is designed to evolve structures of self-maintaining, self-adapting ensembles, that are open-ended and hierarchically organised. This article discusses the EVM architecture together with different statistical exploration methods that can be used with it. Based on experimental results, certain behaviours that exhibit self-adaptation in the EVM system are discussed.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 877 KB)</p>


<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-04">2005/04: A lightweight data integration architecture using Atom</a></h3>
<h4>D. Williamson and N. Stanger</h4>

<p>Cost is a major obstacle to the adoption of large-scale data integration solutions by small to medium enterprises (SME&#8217;s). We therefore propose a lightweight data integration architecture built around the Atom XML syndication format, which may provide a cost-effective alternative technology for SME&#8217;s to facilitate data integration, compared to expensive enterprise grade systems. The paper discusses the underlying principles and motivation for the architecture, the structure of the architecture itself, and our research goals.</p>


<p><a href="papers/dp2005-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 301 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-05">2005/05: Agent-based integration of web services with workflow management systems</a></h3>
<h4>B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis, M. Purvis and S. Cranefield</h4>

<p>Rapid changes in the business environment call for more flexible and adaptive workflow systems. Researchers have proposed that Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) comprising multiple agents can provide these capabilities. We have developed a multi-agent based workflow system, JBees, which supports distributed process models and the adaptability of executing processes. Modern workflow systems should also have the flexibility to integrate available web services as they are updated. In this paper we discuss how our agent-based architecture can be used to bind and access web services in the context of executing a workflow process model. We use an example from the diamond processing industry to show how our agent architecture can be used to integrate web services with WfMSs.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 433 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-06">2005/06: A graphical notation for physical database modelling</a></h3>
<h4>A. Pillay and N. Stanger</h4>

<p>In this paper we describe a graphical notation for physical database modelling. This notation provides database administrators with a means to model the physical structure of new and existing databases, thus enabling them to make more proactive and informed tuning decisions, compared to existing database monitoring tools.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 337 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-07">2005/07: Framework for intrusion detection inspired by the immune system</a></h3>
<h4>M. Middlemiss</h4>

<p>The immune system is a complex and distributed system. It provides a multilevel form of defence, capable of identifying and reacting to harmful pathogens that it does not recognise as being part of its &ldquo;self&rdquo;. The framework proposed in this paper incorporates a number of immunological principles, including the multilevel defence and the cooperation between cells in the adaptive immune system. It is proposed that this approach could be used to provide a high level of intrusion detection, while minimising the level of false negative detections.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-07.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 264 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-08">2005/08: Bayesian statistical models for predicting software development effort</a></h3>
<h4>C. van Koten</h4>

<p>Constructing an accurate effort prediction model is a challenge in Software Engineering. This paper presents new Bayesian statistical models, in order to predict development effort of software systems in the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) dataset. The first model is a Bayesian linear regression (BR) model and the second model is a Bayesian multivariate normal distribution (BMVN) model. Both models are calibrated using subsets randomly sampled from the dataset. The models&rsquo; predictive accuracy is evaluated using other subsets, which consist of only the cases unknown to the models. The predictive accuracy is measured in terms of the absolute residuals and magnitude of relative error. They are compared with the corresponding linear regression models. The results show that the Bayesian models have predictive accuracy equivalent to the linear regression models, in general. However, the advantage of the Bayesian statistical models is that they do not require a calibration subset as large as the regression counterpart. In the case of the ISBSG dataset it is confirmed that the predictive accuracy of the Bayesian statistical models, in particular the BMVN model is significantly better than the linear regression model, when the calibration subset consists of only five or smaller number of software systems. This finding justifies the use of Bayesian statistical models in software effort prediction, in particular, when the system of interest has only a very small amount of historical data.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Effort prediction,
Bayesian statistics,
Regression,
Software metrics</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 287 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-09">2005/09: Bayesian statistical effort prediction models for data-centred 4GL software development</a></h3>
<h4>C. van Koten and A. Gray</h4>

<p>Constructing an accurate effort prediction model is a challenge in Software Engineering. This paper presents three Bayesian statistical software effort prediction models for database-oriented software systems, which are developed using a specific 4GL tool suite. The models consist of specification-based software size metrics and development team&rsquo;s productivity metric. The models are constructed based on the sub jective knowledge of human expert and calibrated using empirical data collected from 17 software systems developed in the target environment. The models&rsquo; predictive accuracy is evaluated using subsets of the same data, which were not used for the models&rsquo; calibration. The results show that the models have achieved very good predictive accuracy in terms of MMRE and pred measures. Hence it is confirmed that the Bayesian statistical models can predict effort successfully in the target environment. In comparison with commonly used multiple linear regression models, the Bayesian statistical models&rsquo; predictive accuracy is equivalent in general. However, when the number of software systems used for the models&rsquo; calibration becomes smaller than five, the predictive accuracy of the best Bayesian statistical models are significantly better than the multiple linear regression model. This result suggests that the Bayesian statistical models would be a better choice when software organizations/practitioners do not posses sufficient empirical data for the models&rsquo; calibration. The authors expect those findings encourage more researchers to investigate the use of Bayesian statistical models for predicting software effort.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Effort prediction,
4GL,
Bayesian statistics,
Regression,
Software metrics</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-09.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 331 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-10">2005/10: Image saliency mapping and ranking using an extensible visual attention model based on MPEG-7 feature descriptors</a></h3>
<h4>H. Wolf and D. Deng</h4>

<p>In visual perception, finding regions of interest in a scene is very important in the carrying out visual tasks. Recently there have been a number of works proposing saliency detectors and visual attention models. In this paper, we propose an extensible visual attention framework based on MPEG-7 descriptors. Hotspots in an image are detected from the combined saliency map obtained from multiple feature maps of multi-scales. The saliency concept is then further extended and we propose a saliency index for the ranking of images on their interestingness. Simulations on hotspots detection and automatic image ranking are conducted and statistically tested with a user test. Results show that our method captures more important regions of interest and the automatic ranking positively agrees to user rankings.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-10.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 3.1 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-11">2005/11: Content-based image collection summarization and comparison using self-organizing maps</a></h3>
<h4>D. Deng</h4>

<p>Progresses made on content-based image retrieval has reactivated the research on image analysis and similarity-based approaches have been investigated to assess the similarity between images. In this paper, the content-based approach is extended towards the problem of image collection summarization and comparison. For these purposes we propose to carry out clustering analysis on visual features using self-organizing maps, and then evaluate their similarity using a few dissimilarity measures implemented on the feature maps. The effectiveness of these dissimilarity measures is then examined with an empirical study.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-11.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.3 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-12">2005/12: Bridging the gap between the Model-Driven Architecture
and ontology engineering</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield and J. Pan</h4>

<p>This paper discusses the potential benefits to ontology engineering in making the toolset of the Object Management Group&rsquo;s model-driven architecture (MDA) applicable to ontology modelling, and describes the design of an MDA-based tool to convert ontologies expressed in any language having a metamodel defined used the OMG&rsquo;s MOF model to an equivalent representation in RDF but with the same metamodel.  It is shown how this representation, compared to the XMI format, provides a higher level generic serialisation format for MDA models (especially ontologies) that is amenable to analysis and transformation using existing RDF tools.  This helps to bridge the gap between the MDA and ontology engineering by providing a route for ontologies in various ontology modelling languages to be imported into industrial-strength MDA model repositories and other tools, and by allowing these ontologies to be transformed to and from other forms of model.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Model-driven Architecture (MDA),
ontologies,
MOF,
JMI,
RDF,
Jena,
NetBeans MDR,
ODM</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-12.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 416 KB)</p>


            <link rel="Stylesheet" href="/infosci/styles.css" type="text/css">
<h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 2005 Abstracts</h2>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-01">2005/01: A rule language for modelling and monitoring social expectations in multi-agent systems</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield</h4>

<p>This paper proposes a rule language for defining social expectations based on a metric interval temporal logic with past and future modalities and a current time binding operator. An algorithm for run-time monitoring compliance of rules in this language based on formula progression is also presented.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 192 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-02">2005/02: An application of Bayesian network for predicting object-oriented software maintainability</a></h3>
<h4>C. van Koten and A. Gray</h4>

<p>As the number of object-oriented software systems increases, it becomes more important for organizations to maintain those systems effectively. However, currently only a small number of maintainability prediction models are available for objectoriented systems. This paper presents a Bayesian network maintainability prediction model for an object-oriented software system. The model is constructed using object-oriented metric data in Li and Henry&#8217;s datasets, which were collected from two different object-oriented systems. Prediction accuracy of the model is evaluated and compared with commonly used regression-based models. The results suggest that the Bayesian network model can predict maintainability more accurately than the regression-based models for one system, and almost as accurately as the best regression-based model for the other system.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 289 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-03">2005/03: Self-adaptation and dynamic environment experiments with evolvable virtual machines</a></h3>
<h4>M. Nowostawski, L. Epiney and M. Purvis</h4>

<p>Increasing complexity of software applications forces researchers to look for automated ways of programming and adapting these systems. Self-adapting, self-organising software system is one of the possible ways to tackle and manage higher complexity. A set of small independent problem solvers, working together in a dynamic environment, solving multiple tasks, and dynamically adapting to changing requirements is one way of achieving true self-adaptation in software systems. Our work presents a dynamic multi-task environment and experiments with a self-adapting software system. The Evolvable Virtual Machine (EVM) architecture is a model for building complex hierarchically organised software systems. The intrinsic properties of EVM allow the independent programs to evolve into higher levels of complexity, in a way analogous to multi-level, or hierarchical evolutionary processes. The EVM is designed to evolve structures of self-maintaining, self-adapting ensembles, that are open-ended and hierarchically organised. This article discusses the EVM architecture together with different statistical exploration methods that can be used with it. Based on experimental results, certain behaviours that exhibit self-adaptation in the EVM system are discussed.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 877 KB)</p>


<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-04">2005/04: A lightweight data integration architecture using Atom</a></h3>
<h4>D. Williamson and N. Stanger</h4>

<p>Cost is a major obstacle to the adoption of large-scale data integration solutions by small to medium enterprises (SME&#8217;s). We therefore propose a lightweight data integration architecture built around the Atom XML syndication format, which may provide a cost-effective alternative technology for SME&#8217;s to facilitate data integration, compared to expensive enterprise grade systems. The paper discusses the underlying principles and motivation for the architecture, the structure of the architecture itself, and our research goals.</p>


<p><a href="papers/dp2005-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 301 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-05">2005/05: Agent-based integration of web services with workflow management systems</a></h3>
<h4>B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis, M. Purvis and S. Cranefield</h4>

<p>Rapid changes in the business environment call for more flexible and adaptive workflow systems. Researchers have proposed that Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) comprising multiple agents can provide these capabilities. We have developed a multi-agent based workflow system, JBees, which supports distributed process models and the adaptability of executing processes. Modern workflow systems should also have the flexibility to integrate available web services as they are updated. In this paper we discuss how our agent-based architecture can be used to bind and access web services in the context of executing a workflow process model. We use an example from the diamond processing industry to show how our agent architecture can be used to integrate web services with WfMSs.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 439 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-06">2005/06: A graphical notation for physical database modelling</a></h3>
<h4>A. Pillay and N. Stanger</h4>

<p>In this paper we describe a graphical notation for physical database modelling. This notation provides database administrators with a means to model the physical structure of new and existing databases, thus enabling them to make more proactive and informed tuning decisions, compared to existing database monitoring tools.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 337 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-07">2005/07: Framework for intrusion detection inspired by the immune system</a></h3>
<h4>M. Middlemiss</h4>

<p>The immune system is a complex and distributed system. It provides a multilevel form of defence, capable of identifying and reacting to harmful pathogens that it does not recognise as being part of its &ldquo;self&rdquo;. The framework proposed in this paper incorporates a number of immunological principles, including the multilevel defence and the cooperation between cells in the adaptive immune system. It is proposed that this approach could be used to provide a high level of intrusion detection, while minimising the level of false negative detections.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-07.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 264 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-08">2005/08: Bayesian statistical models for predicting software development effort</a></h3>
<h4>C. van Koten</h4>

<p>Constructing an accurate effort prediction model is a challenge in Software Engineering. This paper presents new Bayesian statistical models, in order to predict development effort of software systems in the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) dataset. The first model is a Bayesian linear regression (BR) model and the second model is a Bayesian multivariate normal distribution (BMVN) model. Both models are calibrated using subsets randomly sampled from the dataset. The models&rsquo; predictive accuracy is evaluated using other subsets, which consist of only the cases unknown to the models. The predictive accuracy is measured in terms of the absolute residuals and magnitude of relative error. They are compared with the corresponding linear regression models. The results show that the Bayesian models have predictive accuracy equivalent to the linear regression models, in general. However, the advantage of the Bayesian statistical models is that they do not require a calibration subset as large as the regression counterpart. In the case of the ISBSG dataset it is confirmed that the predictive accuracy of the Bayesian statistical models, in particular the BMVN model is significantly better than the linear regression model, when the calibration subset consists of only five or smaller number of software systems. This finding justifies the use of Bayesian statistical models in software effort prediction, in particular, when the system of interest has only a very small amount of historical data.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Effort prediction,
Bayesian statistics,
Regression,
Software metrics</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 287 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-09">2005/09: Bayesian statistical effort prediction models for data-centred 4GL software development</a></h3>
<h4>C. van Koten and A. Gray</h4>

<p>Constructing an accurate effort prediction model is a challenge in Software Engineering. This paper presents three Bayesian statistical software effort prediction models for database-oriented software systems, which are developed using a specific 4GL tool suite. The models consist of specification-based software size metrics and development team&rsquo;s productivity metric. The models are constructed based on the sub jective knowledge of human expert and calibrated using empirical data collected from 17 software systems developed in the target environment. The models&rsquo; predictive accuracy is evaluated using subsets of the same data, which were not used for the models&rsquo; calibration. The results show that the models have achieved very good predictive accuracy in terms of MMRE and pred measures. Hence it is confirmed that the Bayesian statistical models can predict effort successfully in the target environment. In comparison with commonly used multiple linear regression models, the Bayesian statistical models&rsquo; predictive accuracy is equivalent in general. However, when the number of software systems used for the models&rsquo; calibration becomes smaller than five, the predictive accuracy of the best Bayesian statistical models are significantly better than the multiple linear regression model. This result suggests that the Bayesian statistical models would be a better choice when software organizations/practitioners do not posses sufficient empirical data for the models&rsquo; calibration. The authors expect those findings encourage more researchers to investigate the use of Bayesian statistical models for predicting software effort.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Effort prediction,
4GL,
Bayesian statistics,
Regression,
Software metrics</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-09.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 331 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-10">2005/10: Image saliency mapping and ranking using an extensible visual attention model based on MPEG-7 feature descriptors</a></h3>
<h4>H. Wolf and D. Deng</h4>

<p>In visual perception, finding regions of interest in a scene is very important in the carrying out visual tasks. Recently there have been a number of works proposing saliency detectors and visual attention models. In this paper, we propose an extensible visual attention framework based on MPEG-7 descriptors. Hotspots in an image are detected from the combined saliency map obtained from multiple feature maps of multi-scales. The saliency concept is then further extended and we propose a saliency index for the ranking of images on their interestingness. Simulations on hotspots detection and automatic image ranking are conducted and statistically tested with a user test. Results show that our method captures more important regions of interest and the automatic ranking positively agrees to user rankings.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-10.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 3.1 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-11">2005/11: Content-based image collection summarization and comparison using self-organizing maps</a></h3>
<h4>D. Deng</h4>

<p>Progresses made on content-based image retrieval has reactivated the research on image analysis and similarity-based approaches have been investigated to assess the similarity between images. In this paper, the content-based approach is extended towards the problem of image collection summarization and comparison. For these purposes we propose to carry out clustering analysis on visual features using self-organizing maps, and then evaluate their similarity using a few dissimilarity measures implemented on the feature maps. The effectiveness of these dissimilarity measures is then examined with an empirical study.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-11.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 1.3 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2005-12">2005/12: Bridging the gap between the Model-Driven Architecture
and ontology engineering</a></h3>
<h4>S. Cranefield and J. Pan</h4>

<p>This paper discusses the potential benefits to ontology engineering in making the toolset of the Object Management Group&rsquo;s model-driven architecture (MDA) applicable to ontology modelling, and describes the design of an MDA-based tool to convert ontologies expressed in any language having a metamodel defined used the OMG&rsquo;s MOF model to an equivalent representation in RDF but with the same metamodel.  It is shown how this representation, compared to the XMI format, provides a higher level generic serialisation format for MDA models (especially ontologies) that is amenable to analysis and transformation using existing RDF tools.  This helps to bridge the gap between the MDA and ontology engineering by providing a route for ontologies in various ontology modelling languages to be imported into industrial-strength MDA model repositories and other tools, and by allowing these ontologies to be transformed to and from other forms of model.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Model-driven Architecture (MDA),
ontologies,
MOF,
JMI,
RDF,
Jena,
NetBeans MDR,
ODM</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2005-12.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 416 KB)</p>
 <h4>S. Cranefield</h4>
 <p>This paper proposes a rule language for defining social expectations based on a metric interval temporal logic with past and future modalities and a current time binding operator. An algorithm for run-time monitoring compliance of rules in this language based on formula progression is also presented.</p>
+<p><a href="papers/dp2005-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 192 KB)</p>
+<p><a href="papers/dp2005-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 188 KB)</p>
 <hr>
 <h3><a name="dp2005-02">2005/02: An application of Bayesian network for predicting object-oriented software maintainability</a></h3>
 <h4>C. van Koten and A. Gray</h4>
+<p>As the number of object-oriented software systems increases, it becomes more important for organizations to maintain those systems effectively. However, currently only a small number of maintainability prediction models are available for objectoriented systems. This paper presents a Bayesian network maintainability prediction model for an object-oriented software system. The model is constructed using object-oriented metric data in Li and Henry&#8217;s datasets, which were collected from two different object-oriented systems. Prediction accuracy of the model is evaluated and compared with commonly used regression-based models. The results suggest that the Bayesian network model can predict maintainability more accurately than the regression-based models for one system, and almost as accurately as the best regression-based model for the other system.</p>
+<p>As the number of object-oriented software systems increases, it becomes more important for organizations to maintain those systems effectively. However, currently only a small number of maintainability prediction models are available for objectoriented systems. This paper presents a Bayesian network maintainability prediction model for an object-oriented software system. The model is constructed using object-oriented metric data in Li and HenryÕs datasets, which were collected from two different object-oriented systems. Prediction accuracy of the model is evaluated and compared with commonly used regression-based models. The results suggest that the Bayesian network model can predict maintainability more accurately than the regression-based models for one system, and almost as accurately as the best regression-based model for the other system.</p>
+<p><a href="papers/dp2005-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 289 KB)</p>
+<p><a href="papers/dp2005-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 287 KB)</p>
 <hr>
 <h3><a name="dp2005-03">2005/03: Self-adaptation and dynamic environment experiments with evolvable virtual machines</a></h3>
 <h4>B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis, M. Purvis and S. Cranefield</h4>
 <p>Rapid changes in the business environment call for more flexible and adaptive workflow systems. Researchers have proposed that Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) comprising multiple agents can provide these capabilities. We have developed a multi-agent based workflow system, JBees, which supports distributed process models and the adaptability of executing processes. Modern workflow systems should also have the flexibility to integrate available web services as they are updated. In this paper we discuss how our agent-based architecture can be used to bind and access web services in the context of executing a workflow process model. We use an example from the diamond processing industry to show how our agent architecture can be used to integrate web services with WfMSs.</p>
+<p><a href="papers/dp2005-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 439 KB)</p>
+<p><a href="papers/dp2005-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 433 KB)</p>
 <hr>
 <h3><a name="dp2005-06">2005/06: A graphical notation for physical database modelling</a></h3>

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          Website/dp2006-abstracts-contents.htm
 <h4>M. Purvis, M. Purvis and B.T.R. Savarimuthu</h4>
 
<p>This paper describes efforts to facilitate collaborative work in a distributed environment by providing infrastructure that facilitates the understanding of inter-connected processes involved and how they interact. In this work we describe how our agent-based framework supports these. This distributed work environment makes use of both P2P and client-server architectures. Using an example of developing an open source software system, we explain how a collaborative work environment can be achieved. In particular we address how the support for coordination, collaboration and communication are provided using our framework.</p>
 
<p><a href="papers/dp2006-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 360 KB)</p>
<p><a href="papers/dp2006-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 361 KB)</p>
 
<hr>
 
<h3><a name="dp2006-06">2006/06: Establishing dynamic trust in virtual organization by means of MAS</a></h3>

            <link rel="Stylesheet" href="/infosci/styles.css" type="text/css">
<h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 2006 Abstracts</h2>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-01">2006/01: Consumers, security and electronic health records</a></h3>
<h4>P. Chhanabhai, A. Holt and I. Hunter</h4>

<p>Health care has entered the electronic domain. This domain has improved data collection and storage abilities while allowing almost instantaneous access and results to data queries. Furthermore it allows direct communication between healthcare providers and health consumers. The development of privacy, confidentiality and security principles are necessary to protect consumers&rsquo; interests against inappropriate access. The electronic health systems vendors have dominated the transition of media, claiming it will improve the quality and coherence of the care process. However, numerous studies show that the health consumer is the important stakeholder in this process, and their views are suggesting that the electronic medium is the way forward, but not just yet. With the international push towards Electronic Health Records (EHRs) by the Health and Human Services (United States of America), National Health Service (United Kingdom), Health Canada (Canada) and more recently the Ministry of Health (New Zealand), this paper presents the consumers&rsquo; role with a focus on their perceptions on the security of EHRs. A description of a study, looking at the New Zealand health consumer, is given.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>electronic health records,
New Zealand health system,
consumer,
security</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 291 KB)</p>


<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-02">2006/02: Ubiquitous interactive art displays: Are they wanted, are they intuitive?</a></h3>
<h4>G. Burrows</h4>

<p>The purpose of this study was to create a ubiquitous proximity activated interactive digital display system providing adjusted artworks as content for evaluating viewer reactions and opinions to determine if similar interactive ubiquitous systems are a beneficial, enjoyable and even an appropriate way to display art. Multimedia used in galleries predominately provides content following set patterns and disregards the viewer. Interactive displays using viewer location usually require the viewer&rsquo;s conscious participation through carrying some form of hardware or using expensive sensing equipment. We created an inexpensive, simple system that reacts to the user in a ubiquitous manner, allowing the evaluation of the usability and suitability of such systems in the context of viewing art. Results from testing show that interactive displays are generally enjoyed and wanted for displaying art, however even simple ubiquitous displays can cause user difficulty due to the transparency of their interaction.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>interactive,
digital displays,
art,
proximity,
ubiquitous,
gallery,
intuitive interfaces</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 496 KB)</p>


<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-03">2006/03: Positive and negative selection in a multilayer artificial immune system</a></h3>
<h4>M. Middlemiss</h4>

<p>The immune system is a complex and distributed system. It provides a multilayered form of defence, capable of identifying and responding to harmful pathogens that it does not recognise as &ldquo;self&rdquo;. The framework proposed in this paper incorporates a number of immunological concepts and principles, including the multilayered defence and the cooperation between cells in the adaptive immune system. An alternative model of positive selection is also presented. It is suggested that the framework discussed here could lead to reduced false positive responses in anomaly detection tasks, such as intrusion detection, as well being extended to a population of computational immune systems that are able to maintain population diversity of recognition and response.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 444 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-04">2006/04: Agent based web service composition in the context of a supply-chain based workflow</a></h3>
<h4>B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis and M. Purvis</h4>

<p>With the advent of Web Services, more and more business organizations make their services available on the Internet through Web Services and also use other services that are available on the corporate Intranet. From the viewpoint of workflow systems, these freely available Web Services and the proprietary intranet-based services should be integrated into individual businesses for their day-to-day workflows. Businesses that use Web Services not only provide the services to their customers but can also use Web Services to customize their internal processing, such as online order placement for raw materials.  In this paper we describe the architecture of our agent-based workflow system that can be used for Web Service composition. In the context of an example from the apparel manufacturing industry, we demonstrate how Web Services can be composed and used.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>web services,
multi-agent systems,
workflow systems</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 565 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-05">2006/05: Facilitating collaboration in a distributed software development environment using P2P architecture</a></h3>
<h4>M. Purvis, M. Purvis and B.T.R. Savarimuthu</h4>

<p>This paper describes efforts to facilitate collaborative work in a distributed environment by providing infrastructure that facilitates the understanding of inter-connected processes involved and how they interact. In this work we describe how our agent-based framework supports these. This distributed work environment makes use of both P2P and client-server architectures. Using an example of developing an open source software system, we explain how a collaborative work environment can be achieved. In particular we address how the support for coordination, collaboration and communication are provided using our framework.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 361 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-06">2006/06: Establishing dynamic trust in virtual organization by means of MAS</a></h3>
<h4>N. Foukia and P.-E. Mallet</h4>

<p>This paper presents an implementation of the first stage of a Virtual Organization (VO) life cycle, which is the VO&rsquo;s creation. This implementation is based on previous work by one of the authors describing a framework which facilitates the establishment of VO agreements. In accordance with the framework, the implementation makes the VO&rsquo;s creation fully automated, thereby reducing its duration considerably. This is beneficial for the VO, which should only exist for the limited period needed to satisfy its goal. The VO is implemented as a Multi-Agent System (MAS), where autonomous agents negotiate the agreement leading the the VO&rsquo;s establishment. The Opal FIPA-compliant MAS platform was used to implement the VO agents. Different scenarios and evaluations provide a clear demonstration of the implementation, showing how agents dynamically negotiate the establishment of the agreement and how opportunistic agents&rsquo; behavior affect the trust level during the negotiation process.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>virtual organization,
trust,
autonomy,
agent</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 336 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-07">2006/07: Hitting the ground running: Building New Zealand&rsquo;s first publicly available institutional repository</a></h3>
<h4>N. Stanger and G. McGregor</h4>

<p>A fully functional and publicly available, digital institutional repository (IR) in the space of just ten days? The technology was available, the time was right, the team was right and technical assistance from colleagues in Australia was on hand a mere cyber call away. This paper reports on how we were able to &ldquo;hit the ground running&rdquo; in building an open access IR in such a short space of time. What has taken our breath away is not so much the speed of the process, but the scale of responsiveness from the Internet community. Consequently, we also consider the research impact of more than 18,000 downloads from eighty countries, less than three months into the project!</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-07.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 327 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="#dp2006-08">2006/08: The EVM&rsquo;s universe and the Universe</a></h3>
<h4>M. Nowostawski</h4>

<p>The notion that all (or in weaker sense, some) natural phenomena can be modelled as a computable process, some kind of algorithm is recently gaining scientific recognition, and more research is dedicated to the rigorous explorations of the mapping between natural phenomena and the formalised computational systems. There is some debate and controversy as to how much of the natural can be expressed in the models of the artificial, although due to formalised nature of mathematics and physics itself, it is generally accepted that computation is viable way to model physical reality. Contemporary developments in computer science and in physics not only do no refute computationalism &ndash; they provide more data and evidence in support of the basic theses. In this article we discuss some of the aspects of contemporary computationalist efforts based on the traditional notions of Turning Machine computation. Then we present an extended notion of computation, that goes beyond the traditional Turing limit. We propose a new interactive computation model called Evolvable Virtual Machines (EVMs). The EVM model uses the notion of many independently asynchronously executing processes, that communicate between each other and with the outside environment. We present some of the pitfalls of traditional computationalism, and compare it to our new, extended computationalist model, based on the notion of massively concurrent interactive computation (hypercomputation). We argue, that hypercomputationalism based on the collection of asynchronously concurrently communicating computational machines is a more compact and more appropriate way of representing natural phenomena (or the Universe in general). It is theoretically sound, and does not violate any of the current state-of-the-art physical theories. We discuss the details of our computational architecture, and present some of the implications of the hypercomputationalism on contemporary physical, life sciences, and computer science.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 477 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="#dp2006-09">2006/09: Combining multiple precision-boosted classifiers for 
indoor-outdoor scene classification</a></h3>
<h4>D. Deng and J. Zhang</h4>

<p>Along with the progress of the content-based image retrieval research and the development of the MPEG-7 XM feature descriptors, there has been an increasing research interest on object recognition and semantics extraction from images and videos. In this paper, we revisit an old problem of indoor versus outdoor scene classification. By introducing a precision-boosted combination scheme of multiple classifiers trained on several global and regional feature descriptors, our experiment has led to better results compared with conventional approaches.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>scene classification,
classifier combination</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-09.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 843 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="#dp2006-10">2006/10: Feature analysis and classification of classical musical instruments: An empirical study</a></h3>
<h4>C. Simmermacher, D. Deng and S. Cranefield</h4>

<p>We present an empirical study on classical music instrument classification. A methodology with feature extraction and evaluation is proposed and assessed with a number of experiments, whose final stage is to detect instruments in solo passages. In feature selection it is found that similar but different rankings for individual tone classification and solo passage instrument recognition are reported. Based on the feature selection results, excerpts from concerto and sonata files are processed, so as to detect and distinguish four ma jor instruments in solo passages: trumpet, flute, violin, and piano. Nineteen features selected from the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and the MPEG-7 audio descriptors achieve a recognition rate of around 94% by the best classifier assessed by cross validation.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-10.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 206 KB)</p>


            <link rel="Stylesheet" href="/infosci/styles.css" type="text/css">
<h2>Information Science Discussion Papers Series: 2006 Abstracts</h2>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-01">2006/01: Consumers, security and electronic health records</a></h3>
<h4>P. Chhanabhai, A. Holt and I. Hunter</h4>

<p>Health care has entered the electronic domain. This domain has improved data collection and storage abilities while allowing almost instantaneous access and results to data queries. Furthermore it allows direct communication between healthcare providers and health consumers. The development of privacy, confidentiality and security principles are necessary to protect consumers&rsquo; interests against inappropriate access. The electronic health systems vendors have dominated the transition of media, claiming it will improve the quality and coherence of the care process. However, numerous studies show that the health consumer is the important stakeholder in this process, and their views are suggesting that the electronic medium is the way forward, but not just yet. With the international push towards Electronic Health Records (EHRs) by the Health and Human Services (United States of America), National Health Service (United Kingdom), Health Canada (Canada) and more recently the Ministry of Health (New Zealand), this paper presents the consumers&rsquo; role with a focus on their perceptions on the security of EHRs. A description of a study, looking at the New Zealand health consumer, is given.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>electronic health records,
New Zealand health system,
consumer,
security</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-01.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 291 KB)</p>


<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-02">2006/02: Ubiquitous interactive art displays: Are they wanted, are they intuitive?</a></h3>
<h4>G. Burrows</h4>

<p>The purpose of this study was to create a ubiquitous proximity activated interactive digital display system providing adjusted artworks as content for evaluating viewer reactions and opinions to determine if similar interactive ubiquitous systems are a beneficial, enjoyable and even an appropriate way to display art. Multimedia used in galleries predominately provides content following set patterns and disregards the viewer. Interactive displays using viewer location usually require the viewer&rsquo;s conscious participation through carrying some form of hardware or using expensive sensing equipment. We created an inexpensive, simple system that reacts to the user in a ubiquitous manner, allowing the evaluation of the usability and suitability of such systems in the context of viewing art. Results from testing show that interactive displays are generally enjoyed and wanted for displaying art, however even simple ubiquitous displays can cause user difficulty due to the transparency of their interaction.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>interactive,
digital displays,
art,
proximity,
ubiquitous,
gallery,
intuitive interfaces</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-02.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 496 KB)</p>


<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-03">2006/03: Positive and negative selection in a multilayer artificial immune system</a></h3>
<h4>M. Middlemiss</h4>

<p>The immune system is a complex and distributed system. It provides a multilayered form of defence, capable of identifying and responding to harmful pathogens that it does not recognise as &ldquo;self&rdquo;. The framework proposed in this paper incorporates a number of immunological concepts and principles, including the multilayered defence and the cooperation between cells in the adaptive immune system. An alternative model of positive selection is also presented. It is suggested that the framework discussed here could lead to reduced false positive responses in anomaly detection tasks, such as intrusion detection, as well being extended to a population of computational immune systems that are able to maintain population diversity of recognition and response.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-03.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 444 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-04">2006/04: Agent based web service composition in the context of a supply-chain based workflow</a></h3>
<h4>B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis and M. Purvis</h4>

<p>With the advent of Web Services, more and more business organizations make their services available on the Internet through Web Services and also use other services that are available on the corporate Intranet. From the viewpoint of workflow systems, these freely available Web Services and the proprietary intranet-based services should be integrated into individual businesses for their day-to-day workflows. Businesses that use Web Services not only provide the services to their customers but can also use Web Services to customize their internal processing, such as online order placement for raw materials.  In this paper we describe the architecture of our agent-based workflow system that can be used for Web Service composition. In the context of an example from the apparel manufacturing industry, we demonstrate how Web Services can be composed and used.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>web services,
multi-agent systems,
workflow systems</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-04.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 565 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-05">2006/05: Facilitating collaboration in a distributed software development environment using P2P architecture</a></h3>
<h4>M. Purvis, M. Purvis and B.T.R. Savarimuthu</h4>

<p>This paper describes efforts to facilitate collaborative work in a distributed environment by providing infrastructure that facilitates the understanding of inter-connected processes involved and how they interact. In this work we describe how our agent-based framework supports these. This distributed work environment makes use of both P2P and client-server architectures. Using an example of developing an open source software system, we explain how a collaborative work environment can be achieved. In particular we address how the support for coordination, collaboration and communication are provided using our framework.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 360 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-06">2006/06: Establishing dynamic trust in virtual organization by means of MAS</a></h3>
<h4>N. Foukia and P.-E. Mallet</h4>

<p>This paper presents an implementation of the first stage of a Virtual Organization (VO) life cycle, which is the VO&rsquo;s creation. This implementation is based on previous work by one of the authors describing a framework which facilitates the establishment of VO agreements. In accordance with the framework, the implementation makes the VO&rsquo;s creation fully automated, thereby reducing its duration considerably. This is beneficial for the VO, which should only exist for the limited period needed to satisfy its goal. The VO is implemented as a Multi-Agent System (MAS), where autonomous agents negotiate the agreement leading the the VO&rsquo;s establishment. The Opal FIPA-compliant MAS platform was used to implement the VO agents. Different scenarios and evaluations provide a clear demonstration of the implementation, showing how agents dynamically negotiate the establishment of the agreement and how opportunistic agents&rsquo; behavior affect the trust level during the negotiation process.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>virtual organization,
trust,
autonomy,
agent</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-06.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 336 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="dp2006-07">2006/07: Hitting the ground running: Building New Zealand&rsquo;s first publicly available institutional repository</a></h3>
<h4>N. Stanger and G. McGregor</h4>

<p>A fully functional and publicly available, digital institutional repository (IR) in the space of just ten days? The technology was available, the time was right, the team was right and technical assistance from colleagues in Australia was on hand a mere cyber call away. This paper reports on how we were able to &ldquo;hit the ground running&rdquo; in building an open access IR in such a short space of time. What has taken our breath away is not so much the speed of the process, but the scale of responsiveness from the Internet community. Consequently, we also consider the research impact of more than 18,000 downloads from eighty countries, less than three months into the project!</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-07.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 327 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="#dp2006-08">2006/08: The EVM&rsquo;s universe and the Universe</a></h3>
<h4>M. Nowostawski</h4>

<p>The notion that all (or in weaker sense, some) natural phenomena can be modelled as a computable process, some kind of algorithm is recently gaining scientific recognition, and more research is dedicated to the rigorous explorations of the mapping between natural phenomena and the formalised computational systems. There is some debate and controversy as to how much of the natural can be expressed in the models of the artificial, although due to formalised nature of mathematics and physics itself, it is generally accepted that computation is viable way to model physical reality. Contemporary developments in computer science and in physics not only do no refute computationalism &ndash; they provide more data and evidence in support of the basic theses. In this article we discuss some of the aspects of contemporary computationalist efforts based on the traditional notions of Turning Machine computation. Then we present an extended notion of computation, that goes beyond the traditional Turing limit. We propose a new interactive computation model called Evolvable Virtual Machines (EVMs). The EVM model uses the notion of many independently asynchronously executing processes, that communicate between each other and with the outside environment. We present some of the pitfalls of traditional computationalism, and compare it to our new, extended computationalist model, based on the notion of massively concurrent interactive computation (hypercomputation). We argue, that hypercomputationalism based on the collection of asynchronously concurrently communicating computational machines is a more compact and more appropriate way of representing natural phenomena (or the Universe in general). It is theoretically sound, and does not violate any of the current state-of-the-art physical theories. We discuss the details of our computational architecture, and present some of the implications of the hypercomputationalism on contemporary physical, life sciences, and computer science.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-08.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 477 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="#dp2006-09">2006/09: Combining multiple precision-boosted classifiers for 
indoor-outdoor scene classification</a></h3>
<h4>D. Deng and J. Zhang</h4>

<p>Along with the progress of the content-based image retrieval research and the development of the MPEG-7 XM feature descriptors, there has been an increasing research interest on object recognition and semantics extraction from images and videos. In this paper, we revisit an old problem of indoor versus outdoor scene classification. By introducing a precision-boosted combination scheme of multiple classifiers trained on several global and regional feature descriptors, our experiment has led to better results compared with conventional approaches.</p>

<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>scene classification,
classifier combination</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-09.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 843 KB)</p>

<hr>

<h3><a name="#dp2006-10">2006/10: Feature analysis and classification of classical musical instruments: An empirical study</a></h3>
<h4>C. Simmermacher, D. Deng and S. Cranefield</h4>

<p>We present an empirical study on classical music instrument classification. A methodology with feature extraction and evaluation is proposed and assessed with a number of experiments, whose final stage is to detect instruments in solo passages. In feature selection it is found that similar but different rankings for individual tone classification and solo passage instrument recognition are reported. Based on the feature selection results, excerpts from concerto and sonata files are processed, so as to detect and distinguish four ma jor instruments in solo passages: trumpet, flute, violin, and piano. Nineteen features selected from the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and the MPEG-7 audio descriptors achieve a recognition rate of around 94% by the best classifier assessed by cross validation.</p>

<p><a href="papers/dp2006-10.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 206 KB)</p>
 <h4>M. Purvis, M. Purvis and B.T.R. Savarimuthu</h4>
 <p>This paper describes efforts to facilitate collaborative work in a distributed environment by providing infrastructure that facilitates the understanding of inter-connected processes involved and how they interact. In this work we describe how our agent-based framework supports these. This distributed work environment makes use of both P2P and client-server architectures. Using an example of developing an open source software system, we explain how a collaborative work environment can be achieved. In particular we address how the support for coordination, collaboration and communication are provided using our framework.</p>
+<p><a href="papers/dp2006-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 360 KB)</p>
+<p><a href="papers/dp2006-05.pdf">Download</a> (PDF, 361 KB)</p>
 <hr>
 <h3><a name="dp2006-06">2006/06: Establishing dynamic trust in virtual organization by means of MAS</a></h3>

Ignore Space Show notes View Website/dps2005-include.htm
<p><strong>2005/01:</strong> S. Cranefield. <em>A rule language for modelling and monitoring social expectations in multi-agent systems.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-01">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-01.pdf">Download</a> (188 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/02:</strong> C. van Koten and A. Gray. <em>An application of Bayesian network for predicting object-oriented software maintainability.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-02">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-02.pdf">Download</a> (287 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/03:</strong> M. Nowostawski, L. Epiney and M. Purvis. <em>Self-adaptation and dynamic environment experiments with evolvable virtual machines.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-03">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-03.pdf">Download</a> (877 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/04:</strong> D. Williamson and N. Stanger. <em>A lightweight data integration architecture using Atom.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-04">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-04.pdf">Download</a> (301 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/05:</strong> B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis, M. Purvis and S. Cranefield. <em>Agent-based integration of web services with workflow management systems.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-05">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-05.pdf">Download</a> (433 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/06:</strong> A. Pillay and N. Stanger. <em>A graphical notation for physical database modelling.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-06">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-06.pdf">Download</a> (337 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/07:</strong> M. Middlemiss. <em>Framework for intrusion detection inspired by the immune system.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-07">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-07.pdf">Download</a> (264 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/08:</strong> C. van Koten. <em>Bayesian statistical models for predicting software development effort.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-08">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-08.pdf">Download</a> (287 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/09:</strong> C. van Koten and A. Gray. <em>Bayesian statistical effort prediction models for data-centred 4GL software development.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-09">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-09.pdf">Download</a> (331 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/10:</strong> H. Wolf and D. Deng. <em>Image saliency mapping and ranking using an extensible visual attention model based on MPEG-7 feature descriptors.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-10">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-10.pdf">Download</a> (3.1 MB)</p> <p><strong>2005/11:</strong> D. Deng. <em>Content-based image collection summarization and comparison using self-organizing maps.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-11">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-11.pdf">Download</a> (1.3 MB)</p> <p><strong>2005/12:</strong> S. Cranefield and J. Pan. <em>Bridging the gap between the Model-Driven Architecture and ontology engineering.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-12">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-12.pdf">Download</a> (416 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/01:</strong> S. Cranefield. <em>A rule language for modelling and monitoring social expectations in multi-agent systems.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-01">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-01.pdf">Download</a> (192 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/02:</strong> C. van Koten and A. Gray. <em>An application of Bayesian network for predicting object-oriented software maintainability.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-02">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-02.pdf">Download</a> (289 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/03:</strong> M. Nowostawski, L. Epiney and M. Purvis. <em>Self-adaptation and dynamic environment experiments with evolvable virtual machines.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-03">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-03.pdf">Download</a> (877 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/04:</strong> D. Williamson and N. Stanger. <em>A lightweight data integration architecture using Atom.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-04">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-04.pdf">Download</a> (301 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/05:</strong> B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis, M. Purvis and S. Cranefield. <em>Agent-based integration of web services with workflow management systems.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-05">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-05.pdf">Download</a> (439 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/06:</strong> A. Pillay and N. Stanger. <em>A graphical notation for physical database modelling.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-06">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-06.pdf">Download</a> (337 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/07:</strong> M. Middlemiss. <em>Framework for intrusion detection inspired by the immune system.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-07">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-07.pdf">Download</a> (264 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/08:</strong> C. van Koten. <em>Bayesian statistical models for predicting software development effort.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-08">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-08.pdf">Download</a> (287 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/09:</strong> C. van Koten and A. Gray. <em>Bayesian statistical effort prediction models for data-centred 4GL software development.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-09">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-09.pdf">Download</a> (331 KB)</p> <p><strong>2005/10:</strong> H. Wolf and D. Deng. <em>Image saliency mapping and ranking using an extensible visual attention model based on MPEG-7 feature descriptors.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-10">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-10.pdf">Download</a> (3.1 MB)</p> <p><strong>2005/11:</strong> D. Deng. <em>Content-based image collection summarization and comparison using self-organizing maps.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-11">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-11.pdf">Download</a> (1.3 MB)</p> <p><strong>2005/12:</strong> S. Cranefield and J. Pan. <em>Bridging the gap between the Model-Driven Architecture and ontology engineering.</em> <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-12">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2005-12.pdf">Download</a> (416 KB)</p>

Ignore Space Show notes View

Website/dps2005-include.htm

2005/01: S. Cranefield. A rule language for modelling and monitoring social expectations in multi-agent systems. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-01">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-01.pdf">Download</a> (188 KB)

2005/02: C. van Koten and A. Gray. An application of Bayesian network for predicting object-oriented software maintainability. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-02">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-02.pdf">Download</a> (287 KB)

2005/03: M. Nowostawski, L. Epiney and M. Purvis. Self-adaptation and dynamic environment experiments with evolvable virtual machines. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-03">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-03.pdf">Download</a> (877 KB)

2005/04: D. Williamson and N. Stanger. A lightweight data integration architecture using Atom. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-04">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-04.pdf">Download</a> (301 KB)

2005/05: B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis, M. Purvis and S. Cranefield. Agent-based integration of web services with workflow management systems. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-05">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-05.pdf">Download</a> (433 KB)

2005/06: A. Pillay and N. Stanger. A graphical notation for physical database modelling. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-06">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-06.pdf">Download</a> (337 KB)

2005/07: M. Middlemiss. Framework for intrusion detection inspired by the immune system. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-07">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-07.pdf">Download</a> (264 KB)

2005/08: C. van Koten. Bayesian statistical models for predicting software development effort. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-08">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-08.pdf">Download</a> (287 KB)

2005/09: C. van Koten and A. Gray. Bayesian statistical effort prediction models for data-centred 4GL software development. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-09">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-09.pdf">Download</a> (331 KB)

2005/10: H. Wolf and D. Deng. Image saliency mapping and ranking using an extensible visual attention model based on MPEG-7 feature descriptors. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-10">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-10.pdf">Download</a> (3.1 MB)

2005/11: D. Deng. Content-based image collection summarization and comparison using self-organizing maps. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-11">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-11.pdf">Download</a> (1.3 MB)

2005/12: S. Cranefield and J. Pan. Bridging the gap between the Model-Driven Architecture
and ontology engineering. <a href="dp2005-abstracts.htm#dp2005-12">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2005-12.pdf">Download</a> (416 KB)

Ignore Space Show notes View Website/dps2006-include.htm
<p><strong>2006/01:</strong> P. Chhanabhai, A. Holt and I. Hunter. <em>Consumers, security and electronic health records.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-01">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-01.pdf">Download</a> (291 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/02:</strong> G. Burrows. <em>Ubiquitous interactive art displays: Are they wanted, are they intuitive?</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-02">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-02.pdf">Download</a> (496 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/03:</strong> M. Middlemiss. <em>Positive and negative selection in a multilayer artificial immune system.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-03">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-03.pdf">Download</a> (444 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/04:</strong> B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis and M. Purvis. <em>Agent based web service composition in the context of a supply-chain based workflow.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-04">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-04.pdf">Download</a> (565 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/05:</strong> M. Purvis, M. Purvis and B.T.R. Savarimuthu. <em>Facilitating collaboration in a distributed software development environment using P2P architecture.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-05">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-05.pdf">Download</a> (361 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/06:</strong> N. Foukia and P.-E. Mallet. <em>Establishing dynamic trust in virtual organization by means of MAS.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-06">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-06.pdf">Download</a> (336 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/07:</strong> N. Stanger and G. McGregor. <em>Hitting the ground running: Building New Zealand’s first publicly available institutional repository.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-07">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-07.pdf">Download</a> (327 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/08:</strong> M. Nowostawski. <em>The EVM’s universe and the Universe.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-08">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-08.pdf">Download</a> (477 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/09:</strong> D. Deng and J. Zhang. <em>Combining multiple precision-boosted classifiers for indoor-outdoor scene classification.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-09">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-09.pdf">Download</a> (843 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/10:</strong> C. Simmermacher, D. Deng and S. Cranefield. <em>Feature analysis and classification of classical musical instruments: An empirical study.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-10">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-10.pdf">Download</a> (206 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/01:</strong> P. Chhanabhai, A. Holt and I. Hunter. <em>Consumers, security and electronic health records.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-01">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-01.pdf">Download</a> (291 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/02:</strong> G. Burrows. <em>Ubiquitous interactive art displays: Are they wanted, are they intuitive?</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-02">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-02.pdf">Download</a> (496 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/03:</strong> M. Middlemiss. <em>Positive and negative selection in a multilayer artificial immune system.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-03">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-03.pdf">Download</a> (444 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/04:</strong> B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis and M. Purvis. <em>Agent based web service composition in the context of a supply-chain based workflow.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-04">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-04.pdf">Download</a> (565 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/05:</strong> M. Purvis, M. Purvis and B.T.R. Savarimuthu. <em>Facilitating collaboration in a distributed software development environment using P2P architecture.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-05">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-05.pdf">Download</a> (360 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/06:</strong> N. Foukia and P.-E. Mallet. <em>Establishing dynamic trust in virtual organization by means of MAS.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-06">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-06.pdf">Download</a> (336 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/07:</strong> N. Stanger and G. McGregor. <em>Hitting the ground running: Building New Zealand’s first publicly available institutional repository.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-07">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-07.pdf">Download</a> (327 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/08:</strong> M. Nowostawski. <em>The EVM’s universe and the Universe.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-08">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-08.pdf">Download</a> (477 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/09:</strong> D. Deng and J. Zhang. <em>Combining multiple precision-boosted classifiers for indoor-outdoor scene classification.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-09">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-09.pdf">Download</a> (843 KB)</p> <p><strong>2006/10:</strong> C. Simmermacher, D. Deng and S. Cranefield. <em>Feature analysis and classification of classical musical instruments: An empirical study.</em> <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-10">Abstract</a> \| <a href="papers/dp2006-10.pdf">Download</a> (206 KB)</p>

Ignore Space Show notes View

Website/dps2006-include.htm

2006/01: P. Chhanabhai, A. Holt and I. Hunter. Consumers, security and electronic health records. <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-01">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-01.pdf">Download</a> (291 KB)

2006/02: G. Burrows. Ubiquitous interactive art displays: Are they wanted, are they intuitive? <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-02">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-02.pdf">Download</a> (496 KB)

2006/03: M. Middlemiss. Positive and negative selection in a multilayer artificial immune system. <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-03">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-03.pdf">Download</a> (444 KB)

2006/04: B.T.R. Savarimuthu, M. Purvis and M. Purvis. Agent based web service composition in the context of a supply-chain based workflow. <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-04">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-04.pdf">Download</a> (565 KB)

2006/05: M. Purvis, M. Purvis and B.T.R. Savarimuthu. Facilitating collaboration in a distributed software development environment using P2P architecture. <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-05">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-05.pdf">Download</a> (361 KB)

2006/06: N. Foukia and P.-E. Mallet. Establishing dynamic trust in virtual organization by means of MAS. <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-06">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-06.pdf">Download</a> (336 KB)

2006/07: N. Stanger and G. McGregor. Hitting the ground running: Building New Zealand&rsquo;s first publicly available institutional repository. <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-07">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-07.pdf">Download</a> (327 KB)

2006/08: M. Nowostawski. The EVM&rsquo;s universe and the Universe. <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-08">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-08.pdf">Download</a> (477 KB)

2006/09: D. Deng and J. Zhang. Combining multiple precision-boosted classifiers for 
indoor-outdoor scene classification. <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-09">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-09.pdf">Download</a> (843 KB)

2006/10: C. Simmermacher, D. Deng and S. Cranefield. Feature analysis and classification of classical musical instruments: An empirical study. <a href="dp2006-abstracts.htm#dp2006-10">Abstract</a> | <a href="papers/dp2006-10.pdf">Download</a> (206 KB)

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