• Added initial files.

nigel.stanger / Publications

Browse code • Added initial files. DP_2017
1 parent d05efc6 commit 1936d4bf5c85bb48151f78dfad87ceaef971ae7d Nigel Stanger authored on 20 Jul 2017

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Koli_2017_Stanger.pdf acmart.pdf acmguide.pdf

Ignore Space Show notes View Koli_2017/ACM-Reference-Format.bst 0 → 100644
%%% --BibTeX-- %%% ==================================================================== %%% @BibTeX-style-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, Boris Veytsman and Gerald Murray", %%% version = "2.1", %%% date = "14 June 2017", %%% filename = "ACM-Reference-Format.bst", %%% email = "borisv@lk.net, boris@varphi.com", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "ACM Transactions bibliography style; BibTeX", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "yes", %%% abstract = "", %%% } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Revision history: see source in git ENTRY { address advisor archiveprefix author booktitle chapter city date edition editor eprint howpublished institution journal key month note number organization pages primaryclass publisher school series title type volume year % New keys recognized issue % UTAH: used in, e.g., ACM SIGSAM Bulletin and ACM Communications in Computer Algebra articleno eid day % UTAH: needed for newspapers, weeklies, bi-weeklies doi % UTAH url % UTAH bookpages % UTAH numpages lastaccessed % UTAH: used only for @Misc{...} coden % UTAH isbn % UTAH isbn-13 % UTAH issn % UTAH lccn % UTAH } {} { label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label basic.label.year} INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block } INTEGERS { show-isbn-10-and-13 } % initialized below in begin.bib INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames } INTEGERS { multiresult } INTEGERS { len } INTEGERS { last.extra.num } STRINGS { s t t.org u } STRINGS { last.label next.extra } STRINGS { p1 p2 p3 page.count } FUNCTION { not } { { #0 } { #1 } if$ } FUNCTION { and } { 'skip$ { pop$ #0 } if$ } FUNCTION { or } { { pop$ #1 } 'skip$ if$ } FUNCTION { dump.stack.1 } { duplicate$ "STACK[top] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$ } FUNCTION { dump.stack.2 } { duplicate$ "STACK[top ] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$ swap$ duplicate$ "STACK[top-1] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$ swap$ } FUNCTION { empty.or.unknown } { %% Examine the top stack entry, and push 1 if it is empty, or %% consists only of whitespace, or is a string beginning with two %% queries (??), and otherwise, push 0. %% %% This function provides a replacement for empty$, with the %% convenient feature that unknown values marked by two leading %% queries are treated the same as missing values, and thus, do not %% appear in the output .bbl file, and yet, their presence in .bib %% file(s) serves to mark values which are temporarily missing, but %% are expected to be filled in eventually once more data is %% obtained. The TeX User Group and BibNet bibliography archives %% make extensive use of this practice. %% %% An empty string cannot serve the same purpose, because just as in %% statistics data processing, an unknown value is not the same as an %% empty value. %% %% At entry: stack = ... top:[string] %% At exit: stack = ... top:[0 or 1] duplicate$ empty$ { pop$ #1 } { #1 #2 substring$ "??" = } if$ } FUNCTION { writeln } { %% In BibTeX style files, the sequences %% %% ... "one" "two" output %% ... "one" "two" output.xxx %% %% ship "one" to the output file, possibly following by punctuation, %% leaving the stack with %% %% ... "two" %% %% There is thus a one-string lag in output processing that must be %% carefully handled to avoid duplicating a string in the output %% file. Unless otherwise noted, all output.xxx functions leave %% just one new string on the stack, and that model should be born %% in mind when reading or writing function code. %% %% BibTeX's asynchronous buffering of output from strings from the %% stack is confusing because newline$ bypasses the buffer. It %% would have been so much easier for newline to be a character %% rather than a state of the output-in-progress. %% %% The documentation in btxhak.dvi is WRONG: it says %% %% newline$ Writes onto the bbl file what's accumulated in the %% output buffer. It writes a blank line if and only %% if the output buffer is empty. Since write$ does %% reasonable line breaking, you should use this %% function only when you want a blank line or an %% explicit line break. %% %% write$ Pops the top (string) literal and writes it on the %% output buffer (which will result in stuff being %% written onto the bbl file when the buffer fills %% up). %% %% Examination of the BibTeX source code shows that write$ does %% indeed behave as claimed, but newline$ sends a newline character %% directly to the output file, leaving the stack unchanged. The %% first line "Writes onto ... buffer." is therefore wrong. %% %% The original BibTeX style files almost always use "write$ newline$" %% in that order, so it makes sense to hide that pair in a private %% function like this one, named after a statement in Pascal, %% the programming language embedded in the BibTeX Web program. write$ % output top-of-stack string newline$ % immediate write of newline (not via stack) } FUNCTION { init.state.consts } { #0 'before.all := #1 'mid.sentence := #2 'after.sentence := #3 'after.block := } FUNCTION { output.nonnull } { % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S<comma><space> 's := output.state mid.sentence = { ", " * write$ } { output.state after.block = { add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$ } { output.state before.all = { write$ } { add.period$ " " * write$ } if$ } if$ mid.sentence 'output.state := } if$ s } FUNCTION { output.nonnull.dot.space } { % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S<dot><space> 's := output.state mid.sentence = % { "<DEBUG output.nonnull.dot.space>. " * write$ } { ". " * write$ } { output.state after.block = { add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$ } { output.state before.all = { write$ } { add.period$ " " * write$ } if$ } if$ mid.sentence 'output.state := } if$ s } FUNCTION { output.nonnull.remove } { % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S<space> 's := output.state mid.sentence = { " " * write$ } { output.state after.block = { add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$ } { output.state before.all = { write$ } { add.period$ " " * write$ } if$ } if$ mid.sentence 'output.state := } if$ s } FUNCTION { output.nonnull.removenospace } { % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S 's := output.state mid.sentence = { "" * write$ } { output.state after.block = { add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$ } { output.state before.all = { write$ } { add.period$ " " * write$ } if$ } if$ mid.sentence 'output.state := } if$ s } FUNCTION { output } { % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull duplicate$ empty.or.unknown 'pop$ 'output.nonnull if$ } FUNCTION { output.dot.space } { % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.dot.space duplicate$ empty.or.unknown 'pop$ 'output.nonnull.dot.space if$ } FUNCTION { output.removenospace } { % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.removenospace duplicate$ empty.or.unknown 'pop$ 'output.nonnull.removenospace if$ } FUNCTION { output.check } { % like output, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set 't := duplicate$ empty.or.unknown { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } 'output.nonnull if$ } FUNCTION { bibinfo.output.check } { % like output.check, adding bibinfo field 't := duplicate$ empty.or.unknown { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } { "\bibinfo{" t "}{" * * swap$ * "}" * output.nonnull } if$ } FUNCTION { output.check.dot.space } { % like output.dot.space, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set 't := duplicate$ empty.or.unknown { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } 'output.nonnull.dot.space if$ } FUNCTION { fin.block } { % functionally, but not logically, identical to fin.entry add.period$ writeln } FUNCTION { fin.entry } { add.period$ writeln } FUNCTION { new.sentence } { % update sentence state, with neither output nor stack change output.state after.block = 'skip$ { output.state before.all = 'skip$ { after.sentence 'output.state := } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { fin.sentence } { add.period$ write$ new.sentence "" } FUNCTION { new.block } { output.state before.all = 'skip$ { after.block 'output.state := } if$ } FUNCTION { output.coden } % UTAH { % output non-empty CODEN as one-line sentence (stack untouched) coden empty.or.unknown { } { "\showCODEN{" coden * "}" * writeln } if$ } FUNCTION { format.articleno } { articleno empty.or.unknown not eid empty.or.unknown not and { "Both articleno and eid are defined for " cite$ * warning$ } 'skip$ if$ articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and { "" } { numpages empty.or.unknown { "articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in " cite$ * warning$ } { } if$ eid empty.or.unknown { "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" articleno * "}" * } { "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" eid * "}" * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { format.year } { % push year string or "[n. d.]" onto output stack %% Because year is a mandatory field, we always force SOMETHING %% to be output "\bibinfo{year}{" year empty.or.unknown { "[n. d.]" } { year } if$ * "}" * } FUNCTION { format.day.month } { % push "day month " or "month " or "" onto output stack day empty.or.unknown { month empty.or.unknown { "" } { "\bibinfo{date}{" month * "} " } if$ } { month empty.or.unknown { "" } { "\bibinfo{date}{" day " " * month * "} " } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { format.day.month.year } % UTAH { % if month is empty, push "" else push "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)" % Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.) % acm-.bst addition: prefix parenthesized date string with % ", Article nnn " articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and { "" } { output.state after.block = {", " format.articleno * } { format.articleno } if$ } if$ " (" * format.day.month * format.year * ")" * } FUNCTION { output.day.month.year } % UTAH { % if month is empty value, do nothing; else output stack top and % leave with new top string "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)" % Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.) format.day.month.year output.nonnull.remove } FUNCTION { strip.doi } % UTAH { % Strip any Web address prefix to recover the bare DOI, leaving the % result on the output stack, as recommended by CrossRef DOI % documentation. % For example, reduce "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1534530.1534545" to % "10.1145/1534530.1534545". That is later typeset and displayed as % doi:10.1145/1534530.1534545 as the LAST item in the reference list % entry. Publisher Web sites wrap this with a suitable link to a real % URL to resolve the DOI, and the master https://doi.org/ address is % preferred, since publisher-specific URLs can disappear in response % to economic events. All journals are encouraged by the DOI % authorities to use that typeset format and link procedures for % uniformity across all publications that include DOIs in reference % lists. % The numeric prefix is guaranteed to start with "10.", so we use % that as a test. % 2017-02-04 Added stripping of https:// (Boris) doi #1 #3 substring$ "10." = { doi } { doi 't := % get modifiable copy of DOI % Change https:// to http:// to strip both prefixes (BV) t #1 #8 substring$ "https://" = { "http://" t #9 t text.length$ #8 - substring$ * 't := } { } if$ t #1 #7 substring$ "http://" = { t #8 t text.length$ #7 - substring$ 't := "INTERNAL STYLE-FILE ERROR" 's := % search for next "/" and assign its suffix to s { t text.length$ } { t #1 #1 substring$ "/" = { % save rest of string as true DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy) t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 's := "" 't := % empty string t terminates the loop } { % discard first character and continue loop: t <= substring(t,2,last) t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 't := } if$ } while$ % check for valid DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy) s #1 #3 substring$ "10." = { } { "unrecognized DOI substring " s * " in DOI value [" * doi * "]" * warning$ } if$ s % push the stripped DOI on the output stack } { "unrecognized DOI value [" doi * "]" * warning$ doi % push the unrecognized original DOI on the output stack } if$ } if$ } % % Change by BV: added standard prefix to URL % FUNCTION { output.doi } % UTAH { % output non-empty DOI as one-line sentence (stack untouched) doi empty.or.unknown { } { %% NB: We want URLs at beginning of line to reduce likelihood of %% BibTeX's nasty line wrapping after column 79, which then requires %% manual (or automated) editing of the .bbl file to repair. %% The \url{} macro strips percent-newlines, and is thus safe in %% the presence of the line wrapping, but \path\|...\| and %% \verb\|...\| do not. "\showDOI{%" writeln "\url{https://doi.org/" strip.doi * "}}" * writeln } if$ } FUNCTION { output.isbn } % UTAH { % output non-empty ISBN-10 and/or ISBN-13 as one-line sentences (stack untouched) show-isbn-10-and-13 { %% show both 10- and 13-digit ISBNs isbn empty.or.unknown { } { "\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln } if$ isbn-13 empty.or.unknown { } { "\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln } if$ } { %% show 10-digit ISBNs only if 13-digit ISBNs not available isbn-13 empty.or.unknown { isbn empty.or.unknown { } { "\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln } if$ } { "\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { output.issn } % UTAH { % output non-empty ISSN as one-line sentence (stack untouched) issn empty.or.unknown { } { "\showISSN{" issn * "}" * writeln } if$ } FUNCTION { output.issue } { % output non-empty issue number as a one-line sentence (stack untouched) issue empty.or.unknown { } { "Issue " issue * "." * writeln } if$ } FUNCTION { output.lccn } % UTAH { % return with stack untouched lccn empty.or.unknown { } { "\showLCCN{" lccn * "}" * writeln } if$ } FUNCTION { output.note } % UTAH { % return with stack empty note empty.or.unknown { } { "\shownote{" note add.period$ * "}" * writeln } if$ } FUNCTION { output.note.check } % UTAH { % return with stack empty note empty.or.unknown { "empty note in " cite$ * warning$ } { "\shownote{" note add.period$ * "}" * writeln } if$ } FUNCTION { output.eprint } % { % return with stack empty eprint empty.or.unknown { } { "\showeprint" archiveprefix empty.or.unknown { } { "[" archiveprefix "l" change.case$ "]" * * * } if$ "{" * primaryclass empty.or.unknown { } { primaryclass "/" * } if$ eprint "}" * writeln } if$ } % % Changes by BV 2011/04/15. Do not output % url if doi is defined % FUNCTION { output.url } % UTAH { % return with stack untouched % output URL and associated lastaccessed fields doi empty.or.unknown { url empty.or.unknown { } { %% NB: We want URLs at beginning of line to reduce likelihood of %% BibTeX's nasty line wrapping after column 79, which would require %% manual (or automated) editing of the .bbl file to repair. However, %% the \url{} macro handles the unwrapping job automatically. "\showURL{%" writeln lastaccessed empty.or.unknown { "" } { "Retrieved " lastaccessed * " from " * } if$ %% The URL field may contain a semicolon-separated list of Web %% addresses, and we locate and wrap each of them in \url{...}. %% The simplistic approach of putting the entire list into the %% macro argument is that the semicolons are typeset in a %% typewriter font, and no space follows them. %% %% We therefore replace the original code %% "\url{" * url * "}}" * writeln %% with this character-at-a-time loop: "\url{" * url 't := % get modifiable copy of URL list { t text.length$ } { t #1 #1 substring$ ";" = { % then split argument at separator "};" * writeln "\url{" } { % else concatenate nonblank character to argument t #1 #1 substring$ " " = { } { t #1 #1 substring$ * } if$ } if$ t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 't := } while$ "}}" * writeln } if$ } { } if$ } FUNCTION { output.year.check } { % warn if year empty, output top string and leave " YEAR<label>" on stack in mid-sentence year empty.or.unknown { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ write$ " \bibinfo{year}{[n. d.]}" "\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * * mid.sentence 'output.state := } { write$ " \bibinfo{year}{" year * "}" * "\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * * mid.sentence 'output.state := } if$ } FUNCTION { le } { %% test whether first number is less than or equal to second number %% stack in: n1 n2 %% stack out: if n1 <= n2 then 1 else 0 %% "DEBUG: le " cite$ * warning$ > { #0 } { #1 } if$ } FUNCTION { ge } { %% test whether first number is greater than or equal to second number %% stack in: n1 n2 %% stack out: if n1 >= n2 then 1 else 0 %% "DEBUG: ge " cite$ * warning$ < { #0 } { #1 } if$ } FUNCTION { is.leading.digit } { %% test whether first character of string is a digit %% stack in: string %% stack out: if first-char-is-digit then 1 else 0 #1 #1 substring$ % replace string by string[1:1] duplicate$ % string[1:1] string[1:1] chr.to.int$ "0" chr.to.int$ swap$ le % "0" <= string[1:1] --> 0-or-1 swap$ % 0-or-1 string[1:1] chr.to.int$ "9" chr.to.int$ le % string[1:1} <= "9" --> 0-or-1 and } FUNCTION { skip.digits } { %% skip over leading digits in string %% stack in: string %% stack out: rest-of-string leading-digits %% "DEBUG: enter skip.digits " cite$ * warning$ %% dump.stack.1 duplicate$ 't := 't.org := "" 'u := { t text.length$ } { %% "=================DEBUG: skip.digits t = [" t * "]" * warning$ t is.leading.digit { t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ } { t 'u := "" } if$ 't := } while$ u % rest of string t.org #1 t.org text.length$ u text.length$ - substring$ % leading digits %% "DEBUG: t.org = [" t.org * "]" * warning$ %% "DEBUG: u = [" u * "]" * warning$ %% dump.stack.2 %% "DEBUG: leave skip.digits " cite$ * warning$ } FUNCTION { skip.nondigits } { %% skip over leading nondigits in string %% stack in: string %% stack out: rest-of-string %% "DEBUG: enter skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$ 't := "" 'u := { t text.length$ } { %% "=================DEBUG: skip.nondigits t = [" t * "]" * warning$ t is.leading.digit { t 'u := "" } { t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ } if$ 't := } while$ u % rest of string %% dump.stack.1 %% "DEBUG: leave skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$ } FUNCTION { parse.next.number } { %% stack in: string %% stack out: rest-of-string next-numeric-part-of-string %% Example: %% stack in: "123:1--123:59" %% stack out: ":1--123:59" "123" 's := s skip.nondigits 's := s skip.digits } FUNCTION { reduce.pages.to.page.count } { %% Stack in: arbitrary-and-unused %% Stack out: unchanged %% %% For the new-style pagination with article number and numpages or %% pages, we expect to have BibTeX entries containing something like %% articleno = "17", %% pages = "1--23", %% with output "Article 17, 23 pages", %% or %% articleno = "17", %% numpages = "23", %% with output "Article 17, 23 pages", %% or %% articleno = "17", %% pages = "17:1--17:23", %% with output "Article 17, 23 pages", %% %% If articleno is missing or empty, then we should output "1--23", %% "23" (with a warning of a missing articleno), or "17:1--17:23", %% respectively. %% "DEBUG: enter reduce.pages.to.page.count " cite$ * warning$ %% "DEBUG: pages = [" pages * "]" * warning$ pages parse.next.number 'p1 := parse.next.number 'p2 := parse.next.number 'p3 := parse.next.number 'page.count := duplicate$ empty.or.unknown { } { duplicate$ "unexpected trailing garbage [" swap$ * "] after n:p1--n:p2 in pages = [" * pages * "] in " * cite$ * warning$ } if$ pop$ %% "DEBUG: reduce.pages.to.page.count: " %% " p1 = " p1 * * %% " p2 = " p2 * * %% " p3 = " p3 * * %% " p4 = " page.count * * %% " in " cite$ * * warning$ p1 p3 = p2 "1" = and numpages empty.or.unknown and { "INFO: reduced pages = [" pages * "] to numpages = [" * page.count * "]" * warning$ } { numpages empty.or.unknown { pages } { numpages } if$ 'page.count := } if$ p1 "1" = p3 empty.or.unknown and numpages empty.or.unknown and { p2 'page.count := "INFO: reduced pages = [" pages * "] to numpages = [" * page.count * "]" * warning$ } { numpages empty.or.unknown { pages } { numpages } if$ 'page.count := } if$ %% "DEBUG: leave reduce.pages.to.page.count " cite$ * warning$ } FUNCTION { new.block.checkb } { % issue a new.block only if at least one of top two stack strings is not empty empty.or.unknown swap$ empty.or.unknown and 'skip$ 'new.block if$ } FUNCTION { field.or.null } { % convert empty value to null string, else return value duplicate$ empty.or.unknown { pop$ "" } 'skip$ if$ } FUNCTION { emphasize } { % emphasize a non-empty top string on the stack (WITHOUT italic correction) duplicate$ empty.or.unknown { pop$ "" } { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * } if$ } FUNCTION { emphasize.with.italic.correction } { % convert empty string to null string, or emphasize with a trailing italic correction duplicate$ empty.or.unknown { pop$ "" } { "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * } if$ } FUNCTION { comma } { % convert empty string to null string, or brace string and add trailing comma duplicate$ empty.or.unknown { pop$ "" } { "{" swap$ * "}," * } if$ } FUNCTION { format.names } { % Format bibliographical entries with the first author last name first, % and subsequent authors with initials followed by last name. % All names are formatted in this routine. 's := #1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1; s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s); numnames 'namesleft := { namesleft #0 > } { nameptr #1 = %NO: BAD ORDER: {"{" s nameptr "{ff~}{ll}{, jj}{, vv}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := } %NO: BAD ORDER: {"{" s nameptr "{ff~}{ll}{, jj}{, vv}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := } {"\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := } {"\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := } if$ nameptr #1 > { namesleft #1 > { ", " * t * } { numnames #2 > { "," * } 'skip$ if$ t "\bibinfo{person}{others}" = { " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems { " {and} " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style if$ } if$ } 't if$ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1; namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1; } while$ } FUNCTION { my.full.label } { 's := #1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1; s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s); numnames 'namesleft := { namesleft #0 > } { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't := % get the next name nameptr #1 > { namesleft #1 > { ", " * t * } { numnames #2 > { "," * } 'skip$ if$ t "others" = { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style if$ } if$ } 't if$ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1; namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1; } while$ } FUNCTION { format.names.fml } { % Format names in "familiar" format, with first initial followed by % last name. Like format.names, ALL names are formatted. % jtb: The names are NOT put in small caps 's := #1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1; s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s); numnames 'namesleft := { namesleft #0 > } { "\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := nameptr #1 > { namesleft #1 > { ", " * t * } { numnames #2 > { "," * } 'skip$ if$ t "\bibinfo{person}{others}" = { " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * } { " {and} " * t * } if$ } if$ } 't if$ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1; namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1; } while$ } FUNCTION { format.authors } { author empty.or.unknown { "" } { "\bibfield{author}{" author format.names add.period$ * "}" } % jtb: add period if none before if$ } FUNCTION { format.key } { empty.or.unknown { key field.or.null } { "" } if$ } FUNCTION { format.no.key } { empty.or.unknown { "" } { "" } if$ } FUNCTION { format.editors.fml } { % Format editor names for use in the "in" types: inbook, incollection, % inproceedings: first initial, then last names. When editors are the % LABEL for an entry, then format.editor is used which lists editors % by last name first. editor empty.or.unknown { "" } { "\bibfield{editor}{" editor format.names.fml "}" * editor num.names$ #1 > { " (Eds.)" * } { " (Ed.)" * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { format.editors } { % format editor names for use in labels, last names first. editor empty.or.unknown { "" } { "\bibfield{editor}{" editor format.names * "}" * editor num.names$ #1 > { " (Eds.)." * } { " (Ed.)." * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { format.articletitle } { title empty.or.unknown { "" } % Use this to preserve lettercase in titles: { "\showarticletitle{" title * "}" * } % Use this for downcase title style: % { \showarticletitle{" title "t" change.case$ * "}" * } if$ } FUNCTION { format.title } { title empty.or.unknown { "" } % Use this to preserve lettercase in titles: { "\bibinfo{title}{" title * "}" * } % Use this for downcase title style: % { title "t" change.case$ } if$ } FUNCTION { n.dashify } { 't := "" { t empty.or.unknown not } { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not { "--" * t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = } { "-" * t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } while$ } if$ } { t #1 #1 substring$ * t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } if$ } while$ } FUNCTION { format.btitle } { "\bibinfo{booktitle}{" edition empty.or.unknown { title emphasize } { title empty.or.unknown { title emphasize } % jtb: what is this supposed to do ?!? { "{\em " title * "\/} (\bibinfo{edition}{" * edition "l" change.case$ * "} ed.)" * } % jtb: no parens for ed. if$ } if$ * "}" * } FUNCTION { format.emphasize.booktitle } { % push "" or "{\em booktitle}" or "{\em booktitle}, (second ed.)" on stack "\bibinfo{booktitle}{" edition empty.or.unknown { booktitle emphasize } { booktitle empty.or.unknown { "" } { "{\em " booktitle * "} (\bibinfo{edition}{" * edition "l" change.case$ * "} ed.)" * } if$ } if$ * "}" * } FUNCTION { format.city } { % jtb: if the preceding string (the title of the conference) is non-empty, % jtb: append the location, otherwise leave empty (so as to trigger the % jtb: error message in output.check duplicate$ empty.or.unknown { } { city empty.or.unknown { date empty.or.unknown { } { " (" * date * ")" * } if$ } { date empty.or.unknown { " (" * city * ")" * } { " (" * city * ", " * date * ")" * } if$ } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { tie.or.space.connect } { duplicate$ text.length$ #3 < { "~" } { " " } if$ swap$ * * } FUNCTION { either.or.check } { empty.or.unknown 'pop$ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ } if$ } FUNCTION { format.bvolume } { % jtb: If there is a series, this is added and the volume trails after it. % jtb: Otherwise, "Vol" is Capitalized. volume empty.or.unknown { "" } { series empty.or.unknown { "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * } { "\bibinfo{series}{" series "}, " * "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * * } if$ "volume and number" number either.or.check } if$ } FUNCTION { format.bvolume.noseries } { volume empty.or.unknown { "" } { "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * "volume and number" number either.or.check } if$ } FUNCTION { format.series } { series empty.or.unknown {""} {" {\em (\bibinfo{series}{" * series "})}" } if$ } FUNCTION { format.number.series } { volume empty.or.unknown { number empty.or.unknown { volume empty.or.unknown { "" } { series empty.or.unknown { "" } { " (\bibinfo{series}{" series "})" * } if$ } if$ } % { series field.or.null } { output.state mid.sentence = { "Number" } % gnp - changed to mixed case always { "Number" } if$ number tie.or.space.connect series empty.or.unknown { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ } { " in \bibinfo{series}{" * series * "}" * } if$ } if$ } { "" } if$ } FUNCTION { multi.page.check } { 't := #0 'multiresult := { multiresult not t empty.or.unknown not and } { t #1 #1 substring$ duplicate$ "-" = swap$ duplicate$ "," = swap$ "+" = or or { #1 'multiresult := } { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } if$ } while$ multiresult } FUNCTION { format.pages } { pages empty.or.unknown { "" } { "\bibinfo{pages}{" pages multi.page.check { pages n.dashify } % gnp - removed () % jtb: removed pp. { pages } if$ * "}" * } if$ } FUNCTION { format.pages.check.without.articleno } { %% format pages field only if articleno is absent %% Stack out: pages-specification numpages missing$ pages missing$ and { "page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in " cite$ * warning$ } { } if$ articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and { pages missing$ { numpages } { format.pages } if$ } { "" } if$ } FUNCTION { format.pages.check } { pages empty.or.unknown { "page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$ "" } { pages n.dashify } if$ } FUNCTION { format.bookpages } { bookpages empty.or.unknown { "" } { bookpages "book pages" tie.or.space.connect } if$ } FUNCTION { format.named.pages } { pages empty.or.unknown { "" } { format.pages "pages" tie.or.space.connect } if$ } % % Changed by Boris Veytsman, 2011-03-13 % Now the word "pages" is printed even if % there field pages is not empty. % FUNCTION { format.page.count } { page.count empty.or.unknown { "" } { "\bibinfo{numpages}{" page.count * "}~pages" * } if$ } FUNCTION { format.articleno.numpages } { %% There are seven possible outputs, depending on which fields are set. %% %% These four are handled here: %% %% articleno, numpages, pages -> "Article articleno-value, numpages-value pages" %% articleno, numpages -> "Article articleno-value, numpages-value pages" %% articleno, pages -> "Article articleno-value, reduced-pages-value pages" %% articleno -> "Article articleno-value" and warn about missing numpages %% %% The remaining three have already been handled by %% format.pages.check.without.articleno: %% %% numpages, pages -> "pages-value" %% numpages -> "numpages-value" %% pages -> "pages-value" articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and { numpages empty.or.unknown { } { "numpages field, but no articleno or eid field, in " cite$ * warning$ } if$ "" } { numpages empty.or.unknown { pages empty.or.unknown { "articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in " cite$ * warning$ "" 'page.count := } { reduce.pages.to.page.count } if$ } { numpages 'page.count := } if$ %% The Article number is now handled in format.day.month.year because %% ACM prefers the style "Digital Libraries 12, 3, Article 5 (July 2008)" %% over "Digital Libraries 12, 3 (July 2008), Article 5" %% format.articleno output format.page.count } if$ } FUNCTION {calc.format.page.count} { numpages empty.or.unknown { pages empty.or.unknown { "" 'page.count := } { reduce.pages.to.page.count } if$ } { numpages 'page.count := } if$ format.page.count } FUNCTION { format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year } { % By Young (and Spencer) % GNP - fixed bugs with missing volume, number, and/or pages % % Format journal, volume, number, pages for article types. % journal empty.or.unknown { "no journal in " cite$ * warning$ "" } % { journal emphasize.with.italic.correction } { "\bibinfo{journal}{" journal "Journal of the ACM" = { "{\it J. ACM}" } { journal "American Mathematical Society Translations" = { "{\it Amer. Math. Soc. Transl.}" } { journal "Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society" = { "{\it Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.}" } { journal "Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society" = { "{\it Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.}" } { journal "Transactions of the American Mathematical Society" = { "{\it Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.}" } { journal "Communications of the {ACM}" = { "{\it Commun. {ACM}}" } { journal "{ACM} Computing Surveys" = { "{\it Comput. Surveys}" } { journal "{ACM} Transactions on Mathematical Software" = { "{\it {ACM} Trans. Math. Software}" } { journal "{ACM} {SIGNUM} Newsletter" = { "{\it {ACM} {SIGNUM} Newslett.}" } { journal "American Journal of Sociology" = { "{\it Amer. J. Sociology}" } { journal "Journal of the American Statistical Association" = { "{\it J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.}" } { journal "Applied Mathematics and Computation" = { "{\it Appl. Math. Comput.}" } { journal "American Mathematical Monthly" = { "{\it Amer. Math. Monthly}" } { journal "British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology" = { "{\it Brit. J. Math. Statist. Psych.}" } { journal "Canadian Mathematical Bulletin" = { "{\it Canad. Math. Bull.}" } { journal "Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics" = { "{\it J. Comput. Appl. Math.}" } { journal "Journal of Computational Physics" = { "{\it J. Comput. Phys.}" } { journal "Computers and Structures" = { "{\it Comput. \& Structures}" } { journal "The Computer Journal" = { "{\it Comput. J.}" } { journal "Journal of Computer and System Sciences" = { "{\it J. Comput. System Sci.}" } { journal "Contemporary Mathematics" = { "{\it Contemp. Math.}" } { journal "Crelle's Journal" = { "{\it Crelle's J.}" } { journal "Giornale di Mathematiche" = { "{\it Giorn. Mat.}" } { journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Computers" = { "{\it {IEEE} Trans. Comput.}" } { journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Automatic Control" = { "{\it {IEEE} Trans. Automat. Control}" } { journal "Proceedings of the {IEEE}" = { "{\it Proc. {IEEE}}" } { journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems" = { "{\it {IEEE} Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems}" } { journal "{IMA} Journal of Numerical Analysis" = { "{\it {IMA} J. Numer. Anal.}" } { journal "Information Processing Letters" = { "{\it Inform. Process. Lett.}" } { journal "Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications" = { "{\it J. Inst. Math. Appl.}" } { journal "International Journal of Control" = { "{\it Internat. J. Control}" } { journal "International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering" = { "{\it Internat. J. Numer. Methods Engrg.}" } { journal "International Journal of Supercomputing Applications" = { "{\it Internat. J. Supercomputing Applic.}" } { journal "Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards" = { "{\it J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards}" } { journal "Linear Algebra and its Applications" = { "{\it Linear Algebra Appl.}" } { journal "Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications" = { "{\it J. Math. Anal. Appl.}" } { journal "Mathematische Annalen" = { "{\it Math. Ann.}" } { journal "Journal of Mathematical Physics" = { "{\it J. Math. Phys.}" } { journal "Mathematics of Computation" = { "{\it Math. Comp.}" } { journal "Mathematica Scandinavica" = { "{\it Math. Scand.}" } { journal "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation" = { "{\it Math. Tables Aids Comput.}" } { journal "Numerische Mathematik" = { "{\it Numer. Math.}" } { journal "Pacific Journal of Mathematics" = { "{\it Pacific J. Math.}" } { journal "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing" = { "{\it J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput.}" } { journal "Parallel Computing" = { "{\it Parallel Comput.}" } { journal "Philosophical Magazine" = { "{\it Philos. Mag.}" } { journal "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA" = { "{\it Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.}" } { journal "Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, Oxford, Series (2)" = { "{\it Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2)}" } { journal "Quarterly of Applied Mathematics" = { "{\it Quart. Appl. Math.}" } { journal "Review of the International Statisical Institute" = { "{\it Rev. Inst. Internat. Statist.}" } { journal "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics" = { "{\it J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math.}" } { journal "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Series B, Numerical Analysis" = { "{\it J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. Ser. B Numer. Anal.}" } { journal "{SIAM} Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods" = { "{\it {SIAM} J. Algebraic Discrete Methods}" } { journal "{SIAM} Journal on Applied Mathematics" = { "{\it {SIAM} J. Appl. Math.}" } { journal "{SIAM} Journal on Computing" = { "{\it {SIAM} J. Comput.}" } { journal "{SIAM} Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications" = { "{\it {SIAM} J. Matrix Anal. Appl.}" } { journal "{SIAM} Journal on Numerical Analysis" = { "{\it {SIAM} J. Numer. Anal.}" } { journal "{SIAM} Review" = { "{\it {SIAM} Rev.}" } { journal "{SIAM} Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing" = { "{\it {SIAM} J. Sci. Statist. Comput.}" } { journal "Software Practice and Experience" = { "{\it Software Prac. Experience}" } { journal "Statistical Science" = { "{\it Statist. Sci.}" } { journal "{USSR} Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics" = { "{\it {U. S. S. R.} Comput. Math. and Math. Phys.}" } { journal "Journal of {VLSI} and Computer Systems" = { "{\it J. {VLSI} Comput. Syst.}" } { journal "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik" = { "{\it Z. Angew. Math. Mech.}" } { journal "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Physik" = { "{\it Z. Angew. Math. Phys.}" } { journal "ACM Computing Surveys" = { "{\it Comput. Surveys}" } { journal "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software" = { "{\it ACM Trans. Math. Software}" } { journal "ACM {SIGNUM} Newsletter" = { "{\it ACM {SIGNUM} Newslett.}" } { journal "IEEE Transactions on Computers" = { "{\it IEEE Trans. Comput.}" } { journal "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control" = { "{\it IEEE Trans. Automat. Control}" } { journal "Proceedings of the IEEE" = { "{\it Proc. IEEE}" } { journal "IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems" = { "{\it IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems}" } { journal "IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis" = { "{\it IMA J. Numer. Anal.}" } { journal "SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods" = { "{\it SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Methods}" } { journal "SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics" = { "{\it SIAM J. Appl. Math.}" } { journal "SIAM Journal on Computing" = { "{\it SIAM J. Comput.}" } { journal "SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications" = { "{\it SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl.}" } { journal "SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis" = { "{\it SIAM J. Numer. Anal.}" } { journal "SIAM Review" = { "{\it SIAM Rev.}" } { journal "SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing" = { "{\it SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput.}" } { journal "USSR Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics" = { "{\it U. S. S. R. Comput. Math. and Math. Phys.}" } { journal "Journal of VLSI and Computer Systems" = { "{\it J. VLSI Comput. Syst.}" } { journal "Communications of the ACM" = { "{\it Commun. ACM}" } %% If no match with cases needing special handling, just output journal name { journal emphasize.with.italic.correction } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ * "}" * } if$ number empty.or.unknown { volume empty.or.unknown { "no number and no volume in " cite$ * warning$ "" * } { " " * " \bibinfo{volume}{" * volume * "}" * } if$ } { volume empty.or.unknown { "unusual to have number, but no volume, for " cite$ * warning$ " \bibinfo{number}{" * number * "}" * } { " \bibinfo{volume}{" * volume * "}, \bibinfo{number}{" * number * "}" } if$ } if$ after.block 'output.state := % Sometimes proceedings are published in journals % In this case we do not want to put year, day and month here type$ "inproceedings" = { } {format.day.month.year } if$ } FUNCTION { format.chapter.pages } { chapter empty.or.unknown 'format.pages { type empty.or.unknown { "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case { type "t" change.case$ } if$ chapter tie.or.space.connect pages empty.or.unknown {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$} % gnp - added check { ", " * format.pages * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { format.in.emphasize.booktitle } { % jtb: format for collections or proceedings not appearing in a journal booktitle empty.or.unknown { "" } { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * } if$ } FUNCTION { format.in.booktitle } { % jtb: format for proceedings appearing in a journal booktitle empty.or.unknown { "" } { "In \bibinfo{booktitle}{" booktitle * "}" * } if$ } FUNCTION { format.in.ed.booktitle } { booktitle empty.or.unknown { "" } { editor empty.or.unknown { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * } % jtb: swapped editor location { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * ", " * format.editors.fml * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { format.thesis.type } { % call with default type on stack top type empty.or.unknown 'skip$ % use default type { pop$ % discard default type % NO: it is silly to have to brace protect every degree type!: type "t" change.case$ type } if$ } FUNCTION { format.tr.number } { "\bibinfo{type}{" type empty.or.unknown { "{T}echnical {R}eport" } 'type if$ "}" * * number empty.or.unknown { "t" change.case$ } %% LOOKS BAD: { "." * number tie.or.space.connect } %% Prefer "Research report RJ687." to "Research report. RJ687." { number tie.or.space.connect } if$ } FUNCTION { format.advisor } { advisor empty.or.unknown { "" } { "Advisor(s) " advisor * } if$ } FUNCTION { format.article.crossref } { "See" "\citeN{" * crossref * "}" * } FUNCTION { format.crossref.editor } { editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ editor num.names$ duplicate$ #2 > { pop$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems { #2 < 'skip$ { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" = { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * } if$ } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION { format.book.crossref } { volume empty.or.unknown { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$ "In " } { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case " of " * } if$ editor empty.or.unknown editor field.or.null author field.or.null = or { key empty.or.unknown { series empty.or.unknown { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ "" * } { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * } if$ } { key * } if$ } { format.crossref.editor * } if$ " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" * } FUNCTION { format.incoll.inproc.crossref } { "See" " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" * } FUNCTION { format.lab.names } { % format.lab.names: % % determines "short" names for the abbreviated author information. % "Long" labels are created in calc.label, using the routine my.full.label % to format author and editor fields. % % There are 4 cases for labels. (n=3 in the example) % a) one author Foo % b) one to n Foo, Bar and Baz % c) use of "and others" Foo, Bar et al. % d) more than n Foo et al. 's := s num.names$ 'numnames := numnames #2 > % change number to number of others allowed before % forcing "et al". { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: \mbox{} added { numnames #1 - 'namesleft := #2 'nameptr := s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ { namesleft #0 > } { nameptr numnames = { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" = { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems { " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * } if$ } { ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * } if$ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := } while$ } if$ } FUNCTION { author.key.label } { author empty.or.unknown { key empty.or.unknown { "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } 'key if$ } { author format.lab.names } if$ } FUNCTION { editor.key.organization.label } { % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null. editor empty.or.unknown { organization empty.or.unknown { key empty.or.unknown { "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } 'key if$ } { organization } if$ } { editor format.lab.names } if$ } FUNCTION { author.editor.key.label } { author empty.or.unknown { editor empty.or.unknown { key empty.or.unknown { "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } 'key if$ } { editor format.lab.names } if$ } { author format.lab.names } if$ } FUNCTION { author.editor.key.organization.label } { % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null. author empty.or.unknown { editor empty.or.unknown { organization empty.or.unknown { key empty.or.unknown { "no key, author, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } 'key if$ } { organization } if$ } { editor format.lab.names } if$ } { author format.lab.names } if$ } % Calculate label and leave it on stack FUNCTION { calc.basic.label } { type$ "book" = type$ "inbook" = or type$ "article" = or 'author.editor.key.label { type$ "proceedings" = type$ "periodical" = or 'editor.key.organization.label { type$ "manual" = 'author.editor.key.organization.label 'author.key.label if$ } if$ } if$ duplicate$ year empty.or.unknown { "[n. d.]" } { year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$} if$ * 'basic.label.year := } FUNCTION { calc.label } { % Changed - GNP. See also author.editor.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort % Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used % for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst. % The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a % citation label if author or editor is missing. calc.basic.label author empty.or.unknown % generate the full label citation information. { editor empty.or.unknown { organization empty.or.unknown { key empty.or.unknown { "no author, editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "??" } { key } if$ } { organization } if$ } { editor my.full.label } if$ } { author my.full.label } if$ % leave label on the stack, to be popped when required. "}{" * swap$ * "}{" * % year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % % save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.) % year empty.or.unknown { "[n. d.]" } { year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$} if$ 'label.year := } FUNCTION { output.bibitem } { newline$ "\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$ calc.label write$ sort.year write$ "}]%" writeln " {" write$ cite$ write$ "}" writeln "" before.all 'output.state := } FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint } { % enter and return with stack empty %% We switch now from buffered output to output of complete lines, so %% that the Issue .. URL data have their own lines, and are less likely %% to be line-wrapped by BibTeX's short-sighted algorithm, which wraps %% lines longer than 79 characters, backtracking to what it thinks is %% a break point in the string. Any such wrapping MUST be undone to %% prevent percent-newline from appearing in DOIs and URLs. The %% output data are intentionally wrapped in \showxxx{} macros at %% beginning of line, and that supply their own punctuation (if they %% are not defined to suppress output entirely), to make it easier for %% other software to recover them from .bbl files. %% %% It also makes it possible to later change the macro definitions %% to suppress particular output values, or alter their appearance. %% %% Note that it is possible for theses, technical reports, and %% manuals to have ISBNs, and anything that has an ISBN may also %% have an ISSN. When there are no values for these keys, there %% is no output generated for them here. "\newblock" writeln after.block 'output.state := output.issue output.isbn output.coden % CODEN is functionally like ISSN, so output them sequentially output.issn output.lccn output.doi % DOI is ALWAYS last according to CrossRef DOI documentation output.eprint output.url % but ACM wants URL last } FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note } { % enter with stack empty, return with empty string on stack output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint note empty.or.unknown { } { "\newblock" writeln output.note } if$ "" } FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note.check } { % enter with stack empty, return with empty string on stack output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint note empty.or.unknown { } { "\newblock" writeln output.note.check } if$ "" } FUNCTION { article } { output.bibitem author empty.or.unknown { editor empty.or.unknown { "neither author and editor supplied for " cite$ * warning$ } { format.editors "editor" output.check } if$ } { format.authors "author" output.check } if$ author format.no.key output % added output.year.check % added new.block format.articletitle "title" output.check new.block howpublished empty.or.unknown { } { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output } if$ crossref missing$ { format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output} { "cross reference in @Article{...} is unusual" warning$ format.article.crossref output.nonnull } if$ format.pages.check.without.articleno output format.articleno.numpages output fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { book } { output.bibitem author empty.or.unknown { format.editors "author and editor" output.check } { format.authors output.nonnull crossref missing$ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } 'skip$ if$ } if$ output.year.check % added new.block format.btitle "title" output.check crossref missing$ { new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume format.bvolume output new.block format.number.series output new.sentence publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check address "address" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require address fin.sentence pages empty.or.unknown { format.bookpages } % use bookpages when pages empty { format.pages.check "pages" tie.or.space.connect } if$ output } { new.block format.book.crossref output.nonnull } if$ fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { booklet } { output.bibitem format.authors output author format.key output % added output.year.check % added new.block format.title "title" output.check new.block howpublished empty.or.unknown { } { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output } if$ address output fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { inbook } { output.bibitem author empty.or.unknown { format.editors "author and editor" output.check } { format.authors output.nonnull crossref missing$ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } 'skip$ if$ } if$ output.year.check % added new.block format.btitle "title" output.check crossref missing$ { new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume format.bvolume output new.block format.number.series output new.sentence publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check address "address" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require address format.bookpages output format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check % jtb: moved from before publisher } { format.bookpages output format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check new.block format.book.crossref output.nonnull } if$ fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { incollection } { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check author format.key output % added output.year.check % added new.block format.articletitle "title" output.check new.block crossref missing$ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume format.bvolume output format.number.series output new.sentence publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check address "address" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require address format.bookpages output format.chapter.pages output % gnp - was special.output.nonnull % left out comma before page numbers % jtb: moved from before publisher } { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull format.chapter.pages output } if$ fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { inproceedings } { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check author format.key output % added output.year.check % added new.block format.articletitle "title" output.check howpublished empty.or.unknown { } { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output.dot.space } if$ crossref missing$ { journal missing$ % jtb: proceedings appearing in journals { format.in.emphasize.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check.dot.space format.series output.removenospace format.editors.fml output % BV 2011/09/27 Moved dot to comma format.bvolume.noseries output new.sentence organization output publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require publisher (?) address "address" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require address format.bookpages output } { format.in.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check format.editors.fml output new.sentence format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output } if$ format.articleno output format.pages.check.without.articleno output } { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull format.articleno output format.pages.check.without.articleno output } if$ format.articleno.numpages output fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { conference } { inproceedings } FUNCTION { manual } { output.bibitem author empty.or.unknown { editor empty.or.unknown { organization "organization" output.check organization format.key output } % if all else fails, use key { format.editors "author and editor" output.check } if$ } { format.authors output.nonnull } if$ output.year.check % added new.block format.btitle "title" output.check organization address new.block.checkb % jtb: back to normal style: organization, address organization "organization" output.check address output fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { mastersthesis } { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check author format.key output % added output.year.check % added new.block format.title emphasize "title" output.check % NB: ACM style requires emphasized thesis title new.block "\bibinfo{thesistype}{Master's\ thesis}" format.thesis.type output new.sentence school "school" bibinfo.output.check address empty.or.unknown { } { "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output } if$ new.block format.advisor output fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { misc } { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check author format.key output % added output.year.check % added title howpublished new.block.checkb format.title output new.block howpublished empty.or.unknown { } { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output } if$ "" output.nonnull.dot.space output.day.month.year calc.format.page.count output fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { online } { misc } FUNCTION { game } { misc } FUNCTION { phdthesis } { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check author format.key output % added output.year.check % added new.block format.title emphasize "title" output.check % NB: ACM style requires emphasized thesis title new.block "\bibinfo{thesistype}{Ph.D. Dissertation}" format.thesis.type output new.sentence school "school" bibinfo.output.check address empty.or.unknown { } { "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output } if$ new.block format.advisor output fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION {format.date} { year empty.or.unknown { month empty.or.unknown { "" % output empty date if year/month both empty day empty.or.unknown { } { "there's a day but no month or year in " cite$ * warning$ } if$ } { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ month day empty.or.unknown { } { " " * day * } if$ } if$ } { month empty.or.unknown { year % output only year if month empty day empty.or.unknown { } { "there's a day and year but no month in " cite$ * warning$ } if$ } { month " " * day empty.or.unknown { } { day * ", " * } if$ year * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION {new.block.checka} { empty.or.unknown 'skip$ 'new.block if$ } FUNCTION { periodical } { output.bibitem editor empty.or.unknown { organization output } { format.editors output.nonnull } if$ new.block output.year.check new.sentence format.articletitle "title" output.check format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output calc.format.page.count output fin.entry } FUNCTION { proceedings } { output.bibitem editor empty.or.unknown { organization output organization format.key output } % gnp - changed from author format.key { format.editors output.nonnull } if$ % author format.key output % gnp - removed (should be either % editor or organization output.year.check % added (newapa) new.block format.btitle format.city "title" output.check % jtb: added city new.sentence format.bvolume output format.number.series output new.sentence organization output % jtb: normal order: publisher, address publisher empty.or.unknown { } { "\bibinfo{publisher}{" publisher * "}" * output } if$ address empty.or.unknown { } { "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output } if$ fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { techreport } { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check author format.key output % added output.year.check % added new.block format.btitle "title" output.check new.block % format.tr.number output % jtb: moved month ... format.tr.number output new.sentence % Gerry - need dot 2011/09/28 institution "institution" bibinfo.output.check address empty.or.unknown { } { "\bibinfo{address}{" address "}" * * output } if$ new.sentence format.named.pages output % ACM omits year at end in transactions style % format.day.month.year output.nonnull.dot.space % jtb: ... to here (no parens) fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note fin.entry } FUNCTION { unpublished } { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check author format.key output % added output.year.check % added new.block format.title "title" output.check fin.sentence output.day.month.year % UTAH calc.format.page.count output fin.block output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note.check fin.entry } FUNCTION { default.type } { misc } %%% ACM journal-style month definitions: full name if 1--5 letters, else %%% abbreviation of 3 or 4 characters and a dot MACRO {jan} {"Jan."} MACRO {feb} {"Feb."} MACRO {mar} {"March"} MACRO {apr} {"April"} MACRO {may} {"May"} MACRO {jun} {"June"} MACRO {jul} {"July"} MACRO {aug} {"Aug."} MACRO {sep} {"Sept."} MACRO {oct} {"Oct."} MACRO {nov} {"Nov."} MACRO {dec} {"Dec."} READ FUNCTION { sortify } { purify$ "l" change.case$ } FUNCTION { chop.word } { 's := 'len := s #1 len substring$ = { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ } 's if$ } FUNCTION { sort.format.names } { 's := #1 'nameptr := "" s num.names$ 'numnames := numnames 'namesleft := { namesleft #0 > } { nameptr #1 > { " " * } 'skip$ if$ s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't := nameptr numnames = t "others" = and { " et~al" * } { t sortify * } if$ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := } while$ } FUNCTION { sort.format.title } { 't := "A " #2 "An " #3 "The " #4 t chop.word chop.word chop.word sortify #1 global.max$ substring$ } FUNCTION { author.sort } { author empty.or.unknown { key empty.or.unknown { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" } { key sortify } if$ } { author sort.format.names } if$ } FUNCTION { author.editor.sort } { author empty.or.unknown { editor empty.or.unknown { key empty.or.unknown { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" } { key sortify } if$ } { editor sort.format.names } if$ } { author sort.format.names } if$ } FUNCTION { editor.organization.sort } { % added - GNP. Stack editor or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst). % Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations editor empty.or.unknown { organization empty.or.unknown { key empty.or.unknown { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" } { key sortify } if$ } { organization sortify } if$ } { editor sort.format.names } if$ } FUNCTION { author.editor.organization.sort } { % added - GNP. Stack author or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst). % Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations author empty.or.unknown { editor empty.or.unknown { organization empty.or.unknown { key empty.or.unknown { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" } { key sortify } if$ } { organization sortify } if$ } { editor sort.format.names } if$ } { author sort.format.names } if$ } FUNCTION { presort } { % Presort creates the bibentry's label via a call to calc.label, and then % sorts the entries based on entry type. Chicago.bst adds support for % including organizations as the sort key; the following is stolen from % alpha.bst. calc.label basic.label.year swap$ " " swap$ * * " " * sortify year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year " " * type$ "book" = type$ "inbook" = or type$ "article" = or 'author.editor.sort { type$ "proceedings" = type$ "periodical" = or 'editor.organization.sort { type$ "manual" = 'author.editor.organization.sort 'author.sort if$ } if$ } if$ #1 entry.max$ substring$ % added for newapa 'sort.label := % added for newapa sort.label % added for newapa * " " * title field.or.null sort.format.title * #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'sort.key$ := } ITERATE { presort } SORT % by label, year, author/editor, title FUNCTION { initialize.extra.label.stuff } { #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label := "" 'next.extra := #0 'last.extra.num := } FUNCTION { forward.pass } { % Pass through all entries, comparing current entry to last one. % Need to concatenate year to the stack (done by calc.label) to determine % if two entries are the same (see presort) last.label % OLD:calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year % NEW: calc.basic.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year #1 entry.max$ substring$ = % are they equal? { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num := last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label := } { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num := "" 'extra.label := % OLD: calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year % NEW: calc.basic.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'last.label := % assign to last.label } if$ } FUNCTION { reverse.pass } { next.extra "b" = { "a" 'extra.label := } 'skip$ if$ label.year extra.label * 'sort.year := extra.label 'next.extra := } EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff} ITERATE {forward.pass} REVERSE {reverse.pass} FUNCTION { bib.sort.order } { sort.label " " * year field.or.null sortify * " " * title field.or.null sort.format.title * #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'sort.key$ := } ITERATE { bib.sort.order } SORT % by sort.label, year, title --- giving final bib. order. FUNCTION { begin.bib } { %% Set to #0 show 13-digit ISBN in preference to 10-digit ISBN. %% Set to #1 to show both 10-digit and 13-digit ISBNs. #1 'show-isbn-10-and-13 := "%%% --BibTeX--" writeln "%%% Do NOT edit. File created by BibTeX with style" writeln "%%% ACM-Reference-Format-Journals [18-Jan-2012]." writeln "" writeln preamble$ empty.or.unknown 'skip$ { preamble$ writeln } if$ "\begin{thebibliography}{00}" writeln "" writeln "%%% ====================================================================" writeln "%%% NOTE TO THE USER: you can override these defaults by providing" writeln "%%% customized versions of any of these macros before the \bibliography" writeln "%%% command. Each of them MUST provide its own final punctuation," writeln "%%% except for \shownote{}, \showDOI{}, and \showURL{}. The latter two" writeln "%%% do not use final punctuation, in order to avoid confusing it with" writeln "%%% the Web address." writeln "%%%" writeln "%%% To suppress output of a particular field, define its macro to expand" writeln "%%% to an empty string, or better, \unskip, like this:" writeln "%%%" writeln "%%% \newcommand{\showDOI}[1]{\unskip} % LaTeX syntax" writeln "%%%" writeln "%%% \def \showDOI #1{\unskip} % plain TeX syntax" writeln "%%%" writeln "%%% ====================================================================" writeln "" writeln %% ACM publications do not use CODEN, ISSN, and LCCN data, so their default %% macro wrappers expand to \unskip, discarding their values and unwanted %% space. %% %% For other publications, prior definitions like these may be useful: %% %% Plain TeX: %% \def \showCODEN #1{CODEN #1.} %% \def \showISSN #1{ISSN #1.} %% \def \showLCCN #1{LCCN #1.} %% %% LaTeX: %% \newcommand{\showCODEN}[1]{CODEN #1.} %% \newcommand{\showISSN}[1]#1{ISSN #1.} %% \newcommand{\showLCCN}[1]{LCCN #1.} "\ifx \showCODEN \undefined \def \showCODEN #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln "\ifx \showDOI \undefined \def \showDOI #1{#1}\fi" writeln % ACM styles omit ISBNs, but they can be included by suitable definitions of % \showISBNx and \showISBNxiii before the .bbl file is read "\ifx \showISBNx \undefined \def \showISBNx #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln "\ifx \showISBNxiii \undefined \def \showISBNxiii #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln "\ifx \showISSN \undefined \def \showISSN #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln "\ifx \showLCCN \undefined \def \showLCCN #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln "\ifx \shownote \undefined \def \shownote #1{#1} \fi" writeln % NB: final period supplied by add.period$ above "\ifx \showarticletitle \undefined \def \showarticletitle #1{#1} \fi" writeln "\ifx \showURL \undefined \def \showURL {\relax} \fi" writeln "% The following commands are used for tagged output and should be " writeln "% invisible to TeX" writeln "\providecommand\bibfield[2]{#2}" writeln "\providecommand\bibinfo[2]{#2}" writeln "\providecommand\natexlab[1]{#1}" writeln "\providecommand\showeprint[2][]{arXiv:#2}" writeln } EXECUTE {begin.bib} EXECUTE {init.state.consts} ITERATE {call.type$} FUNCTION { end.bib } { newline$ "\end{thebibliography}" writeln } EXECUTE {end.bib}

Ignore Space Show notes View

Koli_2017/ACM-Reference-Format.bst 0 → 100644

%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  @BibTeX-style-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, Boris Veytsman and Gerald Murray",
%%%     version         = "2.1",
%%%     date            = "14 June 2017",
%%%     filename        = "ACM-Reference-Format.bst",
%%%     email           = "borisv@lk.net, boris@varphi.com",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "ACM Transactions bibliography style; BibTeX",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     abstract        = "",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

%%% Revision history:  see source in git

ENTRY
  { address
    advisor
    archiveprefix
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    city     
    date     
    edition
    editor
    eprint
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    primaryclass
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
        % New keys recognized
        issue         % UTAH: used in, e.g., ACM SIGSAM Bulletin and ACM Communications in Computer Algebra
        articleno
	eid           
        day           % UTAH: needed for newspapers, weeklies, bi-weeklies
        doi           % UTAH
        url           % UTAH
        bookpages     % UTAH
        numpages
        lastaccessed  % UTAH: used only for @Misc{...}
        coden         % UTAH
        isbn          % UTAH
        isbn-13       % UTAH
        issn          % UTAH
        lccn          % UTAH
  }
  {}
  { label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label basic.label.year}

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

INTEGERS { show-isbn-10-and-13 }  % initialized below in begin.bib

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

INTEGERS { multiresult }

INTEGERS { len }

INTEGERS { last.extra.num }

STRINGS { s t t.org u }

STRINGS { last.label next.extra }

STRINGS { p1 p2 p3 page.count }

FUNCTION { not }
{
    { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { and }
{
    'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { or }
{
   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION { dump.stack.1 }
{
    duplicate$ "STACK[top] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
}

FUNCTION { dump.stack.2 }
{
    duplicate$ "STACK[top  ] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
    swap$
    duplicate$ "STACK[top-1] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
    swap$
}

FUNCTION { empty.or.unknown }
{
  %% Examine the top stack entry, and push 1 if it is empty, or
  %% consists only of whitespace, or is a string beginning with two
  %% queries (??), and otherwise, push 0.
  %%
  %% This function provides a replacement for empty$, with the
  %% convenient feature that unknown values marked by two leading
  %% queries are treated the same as missing values, and thus, do not
  %% appear in the output .bbl file, and yet, their presence in .bib
  %% file(s) serves to mark values which are temporarily missing, but
  %% are expected to be filled in eventually once more data is
  %% obtained.  The TeX User Group and BibNet bibliography archives
  %% make extensive use of this practice.
  %%
  %% An empty string cannot serve the same purpose, because just as in
  %% statistics data processing, an unknown value is not the same as an
  %% empty value.
  %%
  %% At entry: stack = ... top:[string]
  %% At exit:  stack = ... top:[0 or 1]

duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ #1 }
    { #1 #2 substring$ "??" = }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { writeln }
{
  %% In BibTeX style files, the sequences
  %%
  %%     ... "one" "two" output
  %%     ... "one" "two" output.xxx
  %%
  %% ship "one" to the output file, possibly following by punctuation,
  %% leaving the stack with
  %%
  %%     ... "two"
  %%
  %% There is thus a one-string lag in output processing that must be
  %% carefully handled to avoid duplicating a string in the output
  %% file.  Unless otherwise noted, all output.xxx functions leave
  %% just one new string on the stack, and that model should be born
  %% in mind when reading or writing function code.
  %%
  %% BibTeX's asynchronous buffering of output from strings from the
  %% stack is confusing because newline$ bypasses the buffer.  It
  %% would have been so much easier for newline to be a character
  %% rather than a state of the output-in-progress.
  %%
  %% The documentation in btxhak.dvi is WRONG:  it says
  %%
  %%    newline$ Writes onto the bbl file what's accumulated in the
  %%             output buffer. It writes a blank line if and only
  %%             if the output buffer is empty. Since write$ does
  %%             reasonable line breaking, you should use this
  %%             function only when you want a blank line or an
  %%             explicit line break.
  %%
  %%    write$   Pops the top (string) literal and writes it on the
  %%             output buffer (which will result in stuff being
  %%             written onto the bbl file when the buffer fills
  %%             up).
  %%
  %% Examination of the BibTeX source code shows that write$ does
  %% indeed behave as claimed, but newline$ sends a newline character
  %% directly to the output file, leaving the stack unchanged.  The
  %% first line "Writes onto ... buffer." is therefore wrong.
  %%
  %% The original BibTeX style files almost always use "write$ newline$"
  %% in that order, so it makes sense to hide that pair in a private
  %% function like this one, named after a statement in Pascal,
  %% the programming language embedded in the BibTeX Web program.

write$                % output top-of-stack string
  newline$              % immediate write of newline (not via stack)
}

FUNCTION { init.state.consts }
{
  #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}

FUNCTION { output.nonnull }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T  Stack out: ... R T   File out: S<comma><space>
  's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    {
      ", " * write$
    }
    {
      output.state after.block =
        {
          add.period$ writeln
          "\newblock " write$
        }
        {
          output.state before.all =
            {
              write$
            }
            {
              add.period$ " " * write$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION { output.nonnull.dot.space }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T  Stack out: ... R T   File out: S<dot><space>
  's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =           % { "<DEBUG output.nonnull.dot.space>. " * write$ }
    {
      ". " * write$
    }
    {
      output.state after.block =
        {
          add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
        }
        {
          output.state before.all =
            {
              write$
            }
            {
              add.period$ " " * write$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION { output.nonnull.remove }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T  Stack out: ... R T   File out: S<space>
  's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    {
      " " * write$
    }
    {
      output.state after.block =
        {
          add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
        }
        {
          output.state before.all =
            {
              write$
            }
            {
              add.period$ " " * write$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION { output.nonnull.removenospace }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T  Stack out: ... R T   File out: S
  's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    {
      "" * write$
    }
    {
      output.state after.block =
        {
          add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
        }
        {
          output.state before.all =
            {
              write$
            }
            {
              add.period$ " " * write$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION { output }
{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.dot.space }
{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.dot.space
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull.dot.space
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.removenospace }
{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.removenospace
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull.removenospace
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.check }
{ % like output, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set
  't :=
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION { bibinfo.output.check }
{ % like output.check, adding bibinfo field
  't :=
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    { "\bibinfo{" t "}{" * * swap$ * "}" *
      output.nonnull }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.check.dot.space }
{ % like output.dot.space, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set
  't :=
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull.dot.space
  if$
}

FUNCTION { fin.block }
{ % functionally, but not logically, identical to fin.entry
   add.period$
   writeln
}

FUNCTION { fin.entry }
{
   add.period$
   writeln
}

FUNCTION { new.sentence }
{ % update sentence state, with neither output nor stack change
  output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    {
      output.state before.all =
        'skip$
        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { fin.sentence }
{
   add.period$
   write$
   new.sentence
   ""
}

FUNCTION { new.block }
{
  output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.coden }       % UTAH
{ % output non-empty CODEN as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
  coden empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\showCODEN{" coden * "}" * writeln }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.articleno }
{
  articleno empty.or.unknown not eid empty.or.unknown not and
     { "Both articleno and eid are defined for " cite$ * warning$ }
     'skip$
  if$
  articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
     { "" }
     {
        numpages empty.or.unknown
          { "articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in " 
            cite$ * warning$ }
          { }
        if$
        eid empty.or.unknown 
          { "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" articleno * "}" * }
          { "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" eid * "}" * }
        if$
     }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.year }
{ % push year string or "[n. d.]" onto output stack
  %% Because year is a mandatory field, we always force SOMETHING
  %% to be output
  "\bibinfo{year}{"
  year empty.or.unknown
    { "[n. d.]" }
    { year }
  if$
  *  "}" *
}

FUNCTION { format.day.month }
{ % push "day month " or "month " or "" onto output stack
  day empty.or.unknown
    {
      month empty.or.unknown
        { "" }
        { "\bibinfo{date}{" month * "} " *}
      if$
    }
    {
      month empty.or.unknown
        { "" }
        { "\bibinfo{date}{" day * " " * month * "} " *}
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.day.month.year }     % UTAH
{ % if month is empty, push "" else push "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)"
  % Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.)
  % acm-*.bst addition: prefix parenthesized date string with
  % ", Article nnn "
  articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
    { "" }
    { output.state after.block =
       {", " format.articleno * }
       { format.articleno  }
      if$
    }
  if$
  " (" * format.day.month * format.year * ")" *
}

FUNCTION { output.day.month.year }     % UTAH
{ % if month is empty value, do nothing; else output stack top and
  % leave with new top string "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)"
  % Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.)
  format.day.month.year
  output.nonnull.remove
}

FUNCTION { strip.doi } % UTAH
{ % Strip any Web address prefix to recover the bare DOI, leaving the
  % result on the output stack, as recommended by CrossRef DOI
  % documentation.
  % For example, reduce "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1534530.1534545" to
  % "10.1145/1534530.1534545".  That is later typeset and displayed as
  % doi:10.1145/1534530.1534545 as the LAST item in the reference list
  % entry.  Publisher Web sites wrap this with a suitable link to a real
  % URL to resolve the DOI, and the master https://doi.org/ address is
  % preferred, since publisher-specific URLs can disappear in response
  % to economic events.  All journals are encouraged by the DOI
  % authorities to use that typeset format and link procedures for
  % uniformity across all publications that include DOIs in reference
  % lists.
  % The numeric prefix is guaranteed to start with "10.", so we use
  % that as a test.
  % 2017-02-04 Added stripping of https:// (Boris)
  doi #1 #3 substring$ "10." =
    { doi }
    {
      doi 't :=  % get modifiable copy of DOI

% Change https:// to http:// to strip both prefixes (BV)

t #1 #8 substring$ "https://" =
        { "http://"  t #9 t text.length$ #8 - substring$ * 't := }
        { }
      if$

t #1 #7 substring$ "http://" =
        {
            t #8 t text.length$ #7 - substring$ 't :=

"INTERNAL STYLE-FILE ERROR" 's :=

% search for next "/" and assign its suffix to s

{ t text.length$ }
            {
              t #1 #1 substring$ "/" =
                {
                  % save rest of string as true DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy)
                  t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 's :=
                  "" 't :=    % empty string t terminates the loop
                }
                {
                  % discard first character and continue loop: t <= substring(t,2,last)
                  t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 't :=
                }
              if$
            }
            while$

% check for valid DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy)
            s #1 #3 substring$ "10." =
              { }
              { "unrecognized DOI substring " s * " in DOI value [" * doi * "]" * warning$ }
            if$

s   % push the stripped DOI on the output stack

}
        {
          "unrecognized DOI value [" doi * "]" * warning$
          doi   % push the unrecognized original DOI on the output stack
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

%
% Change by BV: added standard prefix to URL
%
FUNCTION { output.doi } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty DOI as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
  doi empty.or.unknown
    { }
    {
      %% NB: We want URLs at beginning of line to reduce likelihood of
      %% BibTeX's nasty line wrapping after column 79, which then requires
      %% manual (or automated) editing of the .bbl file to repair.
      %% The \url{} macro strips percent-newlines, and is thus safe in
      %% the presence of the line wrapping, but \path|...| and
      %% \verb|...| do not.
      "\showDOI{%" writeln
      "\url{https://doi.org/" strip.doi * "}}" * writeln
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.isbn }                % UTAH
{ % output non-empty ISBN-10 and/or ISBN-13 as one-line sentences (stack untouched)
  show-isbn-10-and-13
    {
      %% show both 10- and 13-digit ISBNs
      isbn empty.or.unknown
        { }
        {
          "\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln
        }
      if$
      isbn-13 empty.or.unknown
        { }
        {
          "\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln
        }
      if$
    }
    {
      %% show 10-digit ISBNs only if 13-digit ISBNs not available
      isbn-13 empty.or.unknown
        {
          isbn empty.or.unknown
            { }
            {
              "\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln
            }
          if$
        }
        {
          "\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.issn } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty ISSN as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
  issn empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\showISSN{" issn * "}" * writeln }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.issue }
{ % output non-empty issue number as a one-line sentence (stack untouched)
  issue empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "Issue " issue * "." * writeln }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.lccn } % UTAH
{ % return with stack untouched
  lccn empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\showLCCN{" lccn * "}" * writeln }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.note } % UTAH
{ % return with stack empty
  note empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\shownote{" note add.period$ * "}" * writeln }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.note.check } % UTAH
{ % return with stack empty
  note empty.or.unknown
    { "empty note in " cite$ * warning$ }
    { "\shownote{" note add.period$ * "}" * writeln }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.eprint } %
{ % return with stack empty
  eprint empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\showeprint"
         archiveprefix empty.or.unknown
           { }
           { "["  archiveprefix "l" change.case$ "]" * * * }
         if$
         "{" *
         primaryclass empty.or.unknown
           { }
           { primaryclass "/" * *}
         if$
         eprint "}" * *
         writeln
    }
  if$
}

%
% Changes by BV 2011/04/15.  Do not output
% url if doi is defined
%
FUNCTION { output.url } % UTAH
{ % return with stack untouched
  % output URL and associated lastaccessed fields
  doi empty.or.unknown
  {
    url empty.or.unknown
      { }
      {
          %% NB: We want URLs at beginning of line to reduce likelihood of
          %% BibTeX's nasty line wrapping after column 79, which would require
          %% manual (or automated) editing of the .bbl file to repair.  However,
          %% the \url{} macro handles the unwrapping job automatically.
          "\showURL{%" writeln
          lastaccessed empty.or.unknown
            { "" }
            { "Retrieved " lastaccessed * " from " * }
          if$

%% The URL field may contain a semicolon-separated list of Web
          %% addresses, and we locate and wrap each of them in \url{...}.
          %% The simplistic approach of putting the entire list into the
          %% macro argument is that the semicolons are typeset in a
          %% typewriter font, and no space follows them.
          %%
          %% We therefore replace the original code
          %%    "\url{" * url * "}}" * writeln
          %% with this character-at-a-time loop:

"\url{" *

url 't :=                       % get modifiable copy of URL list

{ t text.length$ }
          {
            t #1 #1 substring$ ";" =
              {                         % then split argument at separator
                "};" * writeln
                "\url{"
              }
              {                         % else concatenate nonblank character to argument
                t #1 #1 substring$ " " =
                  { }
                  { t #1 #1 substring$ * }
                if$
              }
            if$

t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 't :=
          }
          while$

"}}" * writeln
      }
    if$
  }
  { }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { output.year.check }
{ % warn if year empty, output top string and leave " YEAR<label>" on stack in mid-sentence
  year empty.or.unknown
     { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ 
       write$
       " \bibinfo{year}{[n. d.]}"  
       "\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * *
       mid.sentence 'output.state :=
     }
     { write$
       " \bibinfo{year}{" year * "}"  *
       "\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * *
       mid.sentence 'output.state :=
     }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { le }
{
  %% test whether first number is less than or equal to second number
  %% stack in:  n1 n2
  %% stack out: if n1 <= n2 then 1 else 0

%% "DEBUG: le " cite$ * warning$
  > { #0 } { #1 } if$
}

FUNCTION { ge }
{
  %% test whether first number is greater than or equal to second number
  %% stack in:  n1 n2
  %% stack out: if n1 >= n2 then 1 else 0

%% "DEBUG: ge " cite$ * warning$
  < { #0 } { #1 } if$
}

FUNCTION { is.leading.digit }
{
  %% test whether first character of string is a digit
  %% stack in:  string
  %% stack out: if first-char-is-digit then 1 else 0

#1 #1 substring$                      % replace string by string[1:1]
  duplicate$                            % string[1:1] string[1:1]
  chr.to.int$
  "0" chr.to.int$ swap$ le              % "0" <= string[1:1] --> 0-or-1
  swap$                                 % 0-or-1 string[1:1]
  chr.to.int$
  "9" chr.to.int$ le                    % string[1:1} <= "9" --> 0-or-1
  and
}

FUNCTION { skip.digits }
{
  %% skip over leading digits in string
  %% stack in:  string
  %% stack out: rest-of-string leading-digits

%% "DEBUG: enter skip.digits " cite$ * warning$

%% dump.stack.1

duplicate$
  't :=
  't.org :=
  "" 'u :=

{ t text.length$ }
  {
    %% "=================DEBUG: skip.digits   t = [" t * "]" * warning$
    t is.leading.digit
      { t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ }
      {
        t 'u :=
        ""
      }
    if$
    't :=
  }
  while$

u                                                             % rest of string
  t.org #1 t.org text.length$ u text.length$ - substring$       % leading digits

%% "DEBUG: t.org = [" t.org * "]" * warning$
  %% "DEBUG: u     = [" u * "]" * warning$

%% dump.stack.2

%% "DEBUG: leave skip.digits " cite$ * warning$
}

FUNCTION { skip.nondigits }
{
  %% skip over leading nondigits in string
  %% stack in:  string
  %% stack out: rest-of-string

%% "DEBUG: enter skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$

't :=
  "" 'u :=

{ t text.length$ }
  {
    %% "=================DEBUG: skip.nondigits   t = [" t * "]" * warning$
    t is.leading.digit
      {
        t 'u :=
        ""
      }
      { t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ }
    if$
    't :=
  }
  while$

u                     % rest of string

%% dump.stack.1
  %% "DEBUG: leave skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$
}

FUNCTION { parse.next.number }
{
  %% stack in:  string
  %% stack out: rest-of-string next-numeric-part-of-string
  %% Example:
  %% stack in:  "123:1--123:59"
  %% stack out: ":1--123:59" "123"

's :=
  s skip.nondigits 's :=
  s skip.digits
}

FUNCTION { reduce.pages.to.page.count }
{
  %% Stack in:  arbitrary-and-unused
  %% Stack out: unchanged
  %%
  %% For the new-style pagination with article number and numpages or
  %% pages, we expect to have BibTeX entries containing something like
  %%     articleno = "17",
  %%     pages     = "1--23",
  %% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
  %% or
  %%     articleno = "17",
  %%     numpages  = "23",
  %% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
  %% or
  %%     articleno = "17",
  %%     pages     = "17:1--17:23",
  %% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
  %%
  %% If articleno is missing or empty, then we should output "1--23",
  %% "23" (with a warning of a missing articleno), or "17:1--17:23",
  %% respectively.

%% "DEBUG: enter reduce.pages.to.page.count " cite$ * warning$

%% "DEBUG: pages = [" pages * "]" * warning$

pages
  parse.next.number 'p1 :=
  parse.next.number 'p2 :=
  parse.next.number 'p3 :=
  parse.next.number 'page.count :=

duplicate$
  empty.or.unknown
    {  }
    {
      duplicate$ "unexpected trailing garbage [" swap$ *
      "] after n:p1--n:p2 in pages = [" *
      pages *
      "] in " *
      cite$ *
      warning$
    }
  if$

pop$

%% "DEBUG: reduce.pages.to.page.count: "
  %% " p1 = " p1 * *
  %% " p2 = " p2 * *
  %% " p3 = " p3 * *
  %% " p4 = " page.count * *
  %% " in " cite$ * * warning$

p1 p3 =   p2 "1" =   and   numpages empty.or.unknown   and
    { "INFO: reduced pages = [" pages * "] to numpages = [" * page.count * "]" * warning$ }
    {
      numpages empty.or.unknown
        { pages }
        { numpages }
      if$
      'page.count :=
    }
  if$

p1 "1" =   p3 empty.or.unknown   and   numpages empty.or.unknown   and
    {
      p2 'page.count :=
      "INFO: reduced pages = [" pages * "] to numpages = [" * page.count * "]" * warning$
    }
    {
      numpages empty.or.unknown
        { pages }
        { numpages }
      if$
      'page.count :=
    }
  if$

%% "DEBUG: leave reduce.pages.to.page.count " cite$ * warning$
}

FUNCTION { new.block.checkb }
{ % issue a new.block only if at least one of top two stack strings is not empty
  empty.or.unknown
  swap$ empty.or.unknown
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION { field.or.null }
{ % convert empty value to null string, else return value
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION { emphasize }
{ % emphasize a non-empty top string on the stack (WITHOUT italic correction)
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { emphasize.with.italic.correction }
{ % convert empty string to null string, or emphasize with a trailing italic correction
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { comma }
{ % convert empty string to null string, or brace string and add trailing comma
  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{" swap$ * "}," * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.names }
{
  % Format bibliographical entries with the first author last name first,
  % and subsequent authors with initials followed by last name.
  % All names are formatted in this routine.

's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 =
        %NO: BAD ORDER: {"{" s nameptr "{ff~}{ll}{, jj}{, vv}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
        %NO: BAD ORDER: {"{" s nameptr "{ff~}{ll}{, jj}{, vv}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
        {"\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
        {"\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
      if$
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "\bibinfo{person}{others}" =
                { " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
                { " {and} " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION { my.full.label }
{
  's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }

{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=  % get the next name
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "others" =
                { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
                { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
    }
  while$

}

FUNCTION { format.names.fml }
{
  % Format names in "familiar" format, with first initial followed by
  % last name. Like format.names, ALL names are formatted.
  % jtb: The names are NOT put in small caps

's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }

{
      "\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't :=

nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "\bibinfo{person}{others}" =
                { " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * }
                { " {and} " * t * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION { format.authors }
{
  author empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    {
      "\bibfield{author}{"
      author format.names add.period$ * "}" *} % jtb: add period if none before
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.key }
{
  empty.or.unknown
    { key field.or.null }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.no.key }
{
  empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.editors.fml }
{
  % Format editor names for use in the "in" types: inbook, incollection,
  % inproceedings: first initial, then last names. When editors are the
  % LABEL for an entry, then format.editor is used which lists editors
  % by last name first.

editor empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    {
      "\bibfield{editor}{"
      editor format.names.fml
      *  "}" *
      editor num.names$ #1 >
        { " (Eds.)" * }
        { " (Ed.)" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.editors }
{ % format editor names for use in labels, last names first.
  editor empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    {
      "\bibfield{editor}{"
      editor format.names
      *  "}" *
      editor num.names$ #1 >
        { " (Eds.)." * }
        { " (Ed.)." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.articletitle }
{
  title empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    % Use this to preserve lettercase in titles:
    { "\showarticletitle{" title * "}" * }
    % Use this for downcase title style:
    % { \showarticletitle{" title "t" change.case$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.title }
{
  title empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    % Use this to preserve lettercase in titles:
    { "\bibinfo{title}{" title * "}" * }
    % Use this for downcase title style:
    % { title "t" change.case$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { n.dashify }
{
  't :=
  ""
    { t empty.or.unknown not }
    {
      t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
        {
          t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
            { "--" *
              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
            }
            {
              { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
              {
                "-" *
                t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
              }
              while$
            }
          if$
        }
        {
          t #1 #1 substring$ *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION { format.btitle }
{
  "\bibinfo{booktitle}{"
  edition empty.or.unknown
  { title emphasize }
  { title empty.or.unknown
    { title emphasize } % jtb: what is this supposed to do ?!?
    { "{\em " title * "\/} (\bibinfo{edition}{" * edition "l" change.case$ *
    "} ed.)" * } % jtb: no parens for ed.
    if$
  }
  if$
  * "}" *
}

FUNCTION { format.emphasize.booktitle }
{ % push "" or "{\em booktitle}" or "{\em booktitle}, (second ed.)" on stack
  "\bibinfo{booktitle}{"
  edition empty.or.unknown
    { booktitle emphasize }
    { booktitle empty.or.unknown
      { "" }
      { "{\em " booktitle * "} (\bibinfo{edition}{" *
      edition "l" change.case$ * "} ed.)" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
  * "}" *
}

FUNCTION { format.city }
{
  % jtb: if the preceding string (the title of the conference) is non-empty,
  % jtb: append the location, otherwise leave empty (so as to trigger the
  % jtb: error message in output.check

duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
    { }
    {
      city empty.or.unknown
        {
          date empty.or.unknown
            { }
            { " (" * date * ")" * }
          if$
        }
        {
          date empty.or.unknown
            { " (" * city * ")" * }
            { " (" * city * ", " * date * ")" * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { tie.or.space.connect }
{
  duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION { either.or.check }
{
  empty.or.unknown
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.bvolume }
{
  % jtb: If there is a series, this is added and the volume trails after it.
  % jtb: Otherwise, "Vol" is Capitalized.

volume empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    {
      series empty.or.unknown
        { "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * *}
        { "\bibinfo{series}{" series "}, " * *
          "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * * *}
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.bvolume.noseries }
{
  volume empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    { "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * *
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.series }
{
  series empty.or.unknown
    {""}
    {" {\em (\bibinfo{series}{" * series "})}" *}
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.number.series }
{
  volume empty.or.unknown
    {
      number empty.or.unknown
        {
          volume empty.or.unknown
          { "" }
          {
            series empty.or.unknown
              { "" }
              { " (\bibinfo{series}{" series * "})" * }
            if$
          }
          if$
        }                                       %    { series field.or.null }
        {
          output.state mid.sentence =
            { "Number" }                        % gnp - changed to mixed case always
            { "Number" }
          if$
          number tie.or.space.connect series empty.or.unknown
            { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
            { " in \bibinfo{series}{" * series * "}" * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    {
      ""
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { multi.page.check }
{
  't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty.or.unknown not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
    { #1 'multiresult := }
    { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION { format.pages }
{
  pages empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    { "\bibinfo{pages}{"
      pages multi.page.check
        { pages n.dashify } % gnp - removed () % jtb: removed pp.
        { pages }
      if$
      * "}" *
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.pages.check.without.articleno }
{ %% format pages field only if articleno is absent
  %% Stack out: pages-specification
  numpages missing$ pages missing$ and
    { "page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in " cite$ * warning$ }
    { }
  if$

articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
    {
      pages missing$
        { numpages }
        { format.pages }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.pages.check }
{
  pages empty.or.unknown
    { "page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
    { pages n.dashify }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.bookpages }
{
  bookpages empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    { bookpages "book pages" tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.named.pages }
{
  pages empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    { format.pages "pages" tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}

%
% Changed by Boris Veytsman, 2011-03-13
% Now the word "pages" is printed even if
% there field pages is not empty.
%

FUNCTION { format.page.count }
{
  page.count empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    { "\bibinfo{numpages}{" page.count * "}~pages" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.articleno.numpages }
{
  %% There are seven possible outputs, depending on which fields are set.
  %%
  %% These four are handled here:
  %%
  %%     articleno, numpages, pages     -> "Article articleno-value, numpages-value pages"
  %%     articleno, numpages            -> "Article articleno-value, numpages-value pages"
  %%     articleno, pages               -> "Article articleno-value, reduced-pages-value pages"
  %%     articleno                      -> "Article articleno-value" and warn about missing numpages
  %%
  %% The remaining three have already been handled by
  %% format.pages.check.without.articleno:
  %%
  %%     numpages, pages                -> "pages-value"
  %%     numpages                       -> "numpages-value"
  %%     pages                          -> "pages-value"

articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
    {
      numpages empty.or.unknown
        { }
        { "numpages field, but no articleno or eid field, in "
	  cite$ * warning$ }
      if$
      ""
    }
    {
      numpages empty.or.unknown
        {
          pages empty.or.unknown
            {
              "articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in "
	         cite$ * warning$
              "" 'page.count :=
            }
            { reduce.pages.to.page.count }
          if$
        }
        { numpages 'page.count := }
      if$

%% The Article number is now handled in format.day.month.year because
      %% ACM prefers the style "Digital Libraries 12, 3, Article 5 (July 2008)"
      %% over "Digital Libraries 12, 3 (July 2008), Article 5"
      %% format.articleno output
      format.page.count
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.format.page.count}
{
  numpages empty.or.unknown
   {
     pages empty.or.unknown
        {
        "" 'page.count :=
        }
        { reduce.pages.to.page.count }
     if$
   }
   { numpages 'page.count := }
  if$
  format.page.count
}

FUNCTION { format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year }
{
  % By Young (and Spencer)
  % GNP - fixed bugs with missing volume, number, and/or pages
  %
  % Format journal, volume, number, pages for article types.
  %
  journal empty.or.unknown
    { "no journal in " cite$ * warning$
      "" }
%    { journal emphasize.with.italic.correction }
     {
       "\bibinfo{journal}{"
           journal "Journal of the ACM" =
       { "{\it J. ACM}" }
       {
           journal "American Mathematical Society Translations" =
       { "{\it Amer. Math. Soc. Transl.}" }
       {
           journal "Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society" =
       { "{\it Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.}" }
       {
           journal "Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society" =
       { "{\it Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.}" }
       {
           journal "Transactions of the American Mathematical Society" =
       { "{\it Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.}" }
       {
           journal "Communications of the {ACM}" =
       { "{\it Commun. {ACM}}" }
       {
           journal "{ACM} Computing Surveys" =
       { "{\it Comput. Surveys}" }
       {
           journal "{ACM} Transactions on Mathematical Software" =
       { "{\it {ACM} Trans. Math. Software}" }
       {
           journal "{ACM} {SIGNUM} Newsletter" =
       { "{\it {ACM} {SIGNUM} Newslett.}" }
       {
           journal "American Journal of Sociology" =
       { "{\it Amer. J. Sociology}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of the American Statistical Association" =
       { "{\it J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.}" }
       {
           journal "Applied Mathematics and Computation" =
       { "{\it Appl. Math. Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "American Mathematical Monthly" =
       { "{\it Amer. Math. Monthly}" }
       {
           journal "British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology" =
       { "{\it Brit. J. Math. Statist. Psych.}" }
       {
           journal "Canadian Mathematical Bulletin" =
       { "{\it Canad. Math. Bull.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics" =
       { "{\it J. Comput. Appl. Math.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of Computational Physics" =
       { "{\it J. Comput. Phys.}" }
       {
           journal "Computers and Structures" =
       { "{\it Comput. \& Structures}" }
       {
           journal "The Computer Journal" =
       { "{\it Comput. J.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of Computer and System Sciences" =
       { "{\it J. Comput. System Sci.}" }
       {
           journal "Contemporary Mathematics" =
       { "{\it Contemp. Math.}" }
       {
           journal "Crelle's Journal" =
       { "{\it Crelle's J.}" }
       {
           journal "Giornale di Mathematiche" =
       { "{\it Giorn. Mat.}" }
       {
           journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Computers" =
       { "{\it {IEEE} Trans. Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Automatic Control" =
       { "{\it {IEEE} Trans. Automat. Control}" }
       {
           journal "Proceedings of the {IEEE}" =
       { "{\it Proc. {IEEE}}" }
       {
           journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems" =
       { "{\it {IEEE} Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems}" }
       {
           journal "{IMA} Journal of Numerical Analysis" =
       { "{\it {IMA} J. Numer. Anal.}" }
       {
           journal "Information Processing Letters" =
       { "{\it Inform. Process. Lett.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications" =
       { "{\it J. Inst. Math. Appl.}" }
       {
           journal "International Journal of Control" =
       { "{\it Internat. J. Control}" }
       {
           journal "International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering" =
       { "{\it Internat. J. Numer. Methods Engrg.}" }
       {
           journal "International Journal of Supercomputing Applications" =
       { "{\it Internat. J. Supercomputing Applic.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards" =
       { "{\it J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards}" }
       {
           journal "Linear Algebra and its Applications" =
       { "{\it Linear Algebra Appl.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications" =
       { "{\it J. Math. Anal. Appl.}" }
       {
           journal "Mathematische Annalen" =
       { "{\it Math. Ann.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of Mathematical Physics" =
       { "{\it J. Math. Phys.}" }
       {
           journal "Mathematics of Computation" =
       { "{\it Math. Comp.}" }
       {
           journal "Mathematica Scandinavica" =
       { "{\it Math. Scand.}" }
       {
           journal "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation" =
       { "{\it Math. Tables Aids Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "Numerische Mathematik" =
       { "{\it Numer. Math.}" }
       {
           journal "Pacific Journal of Mathematics" =
       { "{\it Pacific J. Math.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing" =
       { "{\it J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "Parallel Computing" =
       { "{\it Parallel Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "Philosophical Magazine" =
       { "{\it Philos. Mag.}" }
       {
           journal "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA" =
       { "{\it Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.}" }
       {
           journal "Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, Oxford, Series (2)" =
       { "{\it Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2)}" }
       {
           journal "Quarterly of Applied Mathematics" =
       { "{\it Quart. Appl. Math.}" }
       {
           journal "Review of the International Statisical Institute" =
       { "{\it Rev. Inst. Internat. Statist.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics" =
       { "{\it J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Series B, Numerical Analysis" =
       { "{\it J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. Ser. B Numer. Anal.}" }
       {
           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods" =
       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Algebraic Discrete Methods}" }
       {
           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Applied Mathematics" =
       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Appl. Math.}" }
       {
           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Computing" =
       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications" =
       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Matrix Anal. Appl.}" }
       {
           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Numerical Analysis" =
       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Numer. Anal.}" }
       {
           journal "{SIAM} Review" =
       { "{\it {SIAM} Rev.}" }
       {
           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing" =
       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Sci. Statist. Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "Software Practice and Experience" =
       { "{\it Software Prac. Experience}" }
       {
           journal "Statistical Science" =
       { "{\it Statist. Sci.}" }
       {
           journal "{USSR} Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics" =
       { "{\it {U. S. S. R.} Comput. Math. and Math. Phys.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of {VLSI} and Computer Systems" =
       { "{\it J. {VLSI} Comput. Syst.}" }
       {
           journal "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik" =
       { "{\it Z. Angew. Math. Mech.}" }
       {
           journal "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Physik" =
       { "{\it Z. Angew. Math. Phys.}" }
       {
           journal "ACM Computing Surveys" =
       { "{\it Comput. Surveys}" }
       {
           journal "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software" =
       { "{\it ACM Trans. Math. Software}" }
       {
           journal "ACM {SIGNUM} Newsletter" =
       { "{\it ACM {SIGNUM} Newslett.}" }
       {
           journal "IEEE Transactions on Computers" =
       { "{\it IEEE Trans. Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control" =
       { "{\it IEEE Trans. Automat. Control}" }
       {
           journal "Proceedings of the IEEE" =
       { "{\it Proc. IEEE}" }
       {
           journal "IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems" =
       { "{\it IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems}" }
       {
           journal "IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis" =
       { "{\it IMA J. Numer. Anal.}" }
       {
           journal "SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods" =
       { "{\it SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Methods}" }
       {
           journal "SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics" =
       { "{\it SIAM J. Appl. Math.}" }
       {
           journal "SIAM Journal on Computing" =
       { "{\it SIAM J. Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications" =
       { "{\it SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl.}" }
       {
           journal "SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis" =
       { "{\it SIAM J. Numer. Anal.}" }
       {
           journal "SIAM Review" =
       { "{\it SIAM Rev.}" }
       {
           journal "SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing" =
       { "{\it SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput.}" }
       {
           journal "USSR Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics" =
       { "{\it U. S. S. R. Comput. Math. and Math. Phys.}" }
       {
           journal "Journal of VLSI and Computer Systems" =
       { "{\it J. VLSI Comput. Syst.}" }
       {
           journal "Communications of the ACM" =
       { "{\it Commun. ACM}" }
       %% If no match with cases needing special handling, just output journal name
       {  journal emphasize.with.italic.correction  }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
           }
     if$
     * "}" *
         }
    if$

number empty.or.unknown
    {
      volume empty.or.unknown
        { "no number and no volume in " cite$ * warning$ "" * }
        { " " * " \bibinfo{volume}{" * volume * "}" * }
      if$
    }
    {
      volume empty.or.unknown
        {
          "unusual to have number, but no volume, for " cite$ * warning$
          " \bibinfo{number}{" * number * "}" *
        }
        { " \bibinfo{volume}{" * volume  * "}, \bibinfo{number}{" *
          number * "}" *}
      if$
    }
  if$
  after.block 'output.state :=

% Sometimes proceedings are published in journals
  % In this case we do not want to put year, day and month here

type$ "inproceedings" =
    { }
    {format.day.month.year * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.chapter.pages }
{
  chapter empty.or.unknown
    'format.pages
    { type empty.or.unknown
        { "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case
        { type "t" change.case$ }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.connect
      pages empty.or.unknown
        {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$} % gnp - added check
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.in.emphasize.booktitle }
{ % jtb: format for collections or proceedings not appearing in a journal
  booktitle empty.or.unknown
  { "" }
  { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.in.booktitle }
{ % jtb: format for proceedings appearing in a journal
  booktitle empty.or.unknown
  { "" }
  { "In \bibinfo{booktitle}{" booktitle * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.in.ed.booktitle }
{
  booktitle empty.or.unknown
  { "" }
  { editor empty.or.unknown
    { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
                % jtb: swapped editor location
    { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * ", " * format.editors.fml * }
    if$
  }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.thesis.type }
{ % call with default type on stack top
  type empty.or.unknown
    'skip$    % use default type
    {
      pop$    % discard default type
      % NO: it is silly to have to brace protect every degree type!:  type "t" change.case$
      type
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.tr.number }
{
  "\bibinfo{type}{"
  type empty.or.unknown
    { "{T}echnical {R}eport" }
    'type
  if$
  "}" * *
  number empty.or.unknown
    { "t" change.case$ }
    %% LOOKS BAD: { "." * number tie.or.space.connect }
    %% Prefer "Research report RJ687." to "Research report. RJ687."
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.advisor }
{
  advisor empty.or.unknown
    { "" }
    { "Advisor(s) " advisor * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.article.crossref }
{ "See"
  "\citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION { format.crossref.editor }
{
  editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  editor num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * }         % jrh: avoid spacing problems
    { #2 <
    'skip$
    { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
        { " et~al\mbox{.}" * }          % jrh: avoid spacing problems
        { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
      if$
    }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.book.crossref }
{
  volume empty.or.unknown
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      "In "
    }
    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case
      " of " *
    }
  if$
  editor empty.or.unknown
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty.or.unknown
    { series empty.or.unknown
        { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
          crossref * warning$
          "" *
        }
        { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
      if$
    }
    { key * }
      if$
    }
    { format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION { format.incoll.inproc.crossref }
{ "See"
  " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION { format.lab.names }
{
  % format.lab.names:
  %
  % determines "short" names for the abbreviated author information.
  % "Long" labels are created in calc.label, using the routine my.full.label
  % to format author and editor fields.
  %
  % There are 4 cases for labels.   (n=3 in the example)
  % a) one author             Foo
  % b) one to n               Foo, Bar and Baz
  % c) use of "and others"    Foo, Bar et al.
  % d) more than n            Foo et al.

's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #2 >    % change number to number of others allowed before
                   % forcing "et al".
    { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: \mbox{} added
    {
      numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
      #2 'nameptr :=
      s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
        { namesleft #0 > }
        { nameptr numnames =
            { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
                { " et~al\mbox{.}" * }          % jrh: avoid spacing problems
                { " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
              if$
            }
            { ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
          if$
          nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
          namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
        }
      while$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { author.key.label }
{
  author empty.or.unknown
    { key empty.or.unknown
          { "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$
            cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
         'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { editor.key.organization.label }
{ % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null.
  editor empty.or.unknown
    { organization empty.or.unknown
        { key empty.or.unknown
            { "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
              cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { organization }
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { author.editor.key.label }
{
  author empty.or.unknown
    { editor empty.or.unknown
          { key empty.or.unknown
               { "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$
                 cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
             'key
           if$
         }
          { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { author.editor.key.organization.label }
{ % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null.
  author empty.or.unknown
    { editor empty.or.unknown
        { organization empty.or.unknown
            { key empty.or.unknown
               { "no key, author, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
                 cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
               'key
              if$
            }
            { organization }
          if$
        }
        { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

% Calculate label and leave it on stack
FUNCTION { calc.basic.label }
{
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
  type$ "article" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
      type$ "periodical" =
      or
        'editor.key.organization.label
        { type$ "manual" =
            'author.editor.key.organization.label
            'author.key.label
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  duplicate$
  year empty.or.unknown 
    { "[n. d.]" }
    { year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$}
  if$
  *
  'basic.label.year :=
}

FUNCTION { calc.label }
{
  % Changed - GNP. See also author.editor.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort
  % Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used
  % for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst.
  % The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a
  % citation label if author or editor is missing.

calc.basic.label

author empty.or.unknown  % generate the full label citation information.
    {
      editor empty.or.unknown
        {
          organization empty.or.unknown
            {
              key empty.or.unknown
                {
                  "no author, editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
                  "??"
                }
                { key }
              if$
            }
            { organization }
          if$
        }
        { editor my.full.label }
      if$
    }
    { author my.full.label }
  if$

% leave label on the stack, to be popped when required.

"}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
  %  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
  %
  % save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.)
  %
  year empty.or.unknown 
    { "[n. d.]" }
    { year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$}
  if$
  'label.year :=
}

FUNCTION { output.bibitem }
{
  newline$
  "\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$
  calc.label write$
  sort.year write$
  "}]%" writeln
  "        {" write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" writeln
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint }
{ % enter and return with stack empty
  %% We switch now from buffered output to output of complete lines, so
  %% that the Issue .. URL data have their own lines, and are less likely
  %% to be line-wrapped by BibTeX's short-sighted algorithm, which wraps
  %% lines longer than 79 characters, backtracking to what it thinks is
  %% a break point in the string.  Any such wrapping MUST be undone to
  %% prevent percent-newline from appearing in DOIs and URLs.  The
  %% output data are intentionally wrapped in \showxxx{} macros at
  %% beginning of line, and that supply their own punctuation (if they
  %% are not defined to suppress output entirely), to make it easier for
  %% other software to recover them from .bbl files.
  %%
  %% It also makes it possible to later change the macro definitions
  %% to suppress particular output values, or alter their appearance.
  %%
  %% Note that it is possible for theses, technical reports, and
  %% manuals to have ISBNs, and anything that has an ISBN may also
  %% have an ISSN.  When there are no values for these keys, there
  %% is no output generated for them here.

"\newblock" writeln
  after.block 'output.state :=

output.issue
  output.isbn
  output.coden  % CODEN is functionally like ISSN, so output them sequentially
  output.issn
  output.lccn
  output.doi    % DOI is ALWAYS last according to CrossRef DOI documentation
  output.eprint
  output.url    % but ACM wants URL last
}

FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note }
{ % enter with stack empty, return with empty string on stack
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint
  note empty.or.unknown
    { }
    {
      "\newblock" writeln
      output.note
    }
  if$
  ""
}

FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note.check }
{ % enter with stack empty, return with empty string on stack
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint
  note empty.or.unknown
    { }
    {
      "\newblock" writeln
      output.note.check
    }
  if$
  ""
}

FUNCTION { article }
{
  output.bibitem

author empty.or.unknown
    {
      editor empty.or.unknown
        { "neither author and editor supplied for " cite$ * warning$ }
        { format.editors "editor" output.check }
      if$
    }
    { format.authors "author" output.check }
  if$

author format.no.key output       % added
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.articletitle "title" output.check
  new.block
  howpublished empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output }
  if$

crossref missing$
    { format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output}
    {
      "cross reference in @Article{...} is unusual" warning$
      format.article.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$

format.pages.check.without.articleno output
  format.articleno.numpages output
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { book }
{
  output.bibitem
  author empty.or.unknown
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  output.year.check       % added
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { new.sentence              % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
      format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check
      address "address" bibinfo.output.check    % jtb: require address
      fin.sentence
      pages empty.or.unknown
        { format.bookpages }    % use bookpages when pages empty
        { format.pages.check "pages" tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
      output
    }
    { new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { booklet }
{
  output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output          % added
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
    howpublished empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output }
  if$
  address output
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { inbook }
{
  output.bibitem
  author empty.or.unknown
    { format.editors
      "author and editor" output.check
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
    { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
    'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { new.sentence              % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
      format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check
      address "address" bibinfo.output.check    % jtb: require address
      format.bookpages output
      format.chapter.pages
      "chapter and pages" output.check  % jtb: moved from before publisher
    }
    {
      format.bookpages output
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { incollection }
{
  output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output       % added
  output.year.check              % added
  new.block
  format.articletitle "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      new.sentence                % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check
      address "address" bibinfo.output.check      % jtb: require address
      format.bookpages output
      format.chapter.pages output % gnp - was special.output.nonnull
                                  % left out comma before page numbers
                                  % jtb: moved from before publisher
    }
    {
      format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { inproceedings }
{
  output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output            % added
  output.year.check                   % added
  new.block
  format.articletitle "title" output.check
  howpublished empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output.dot.space }
  if$
  crossref missing$
    {
      journal missing$          % jtb: proceedings appearing in journals
        { format.in.emphasize.booktitle format.city "booktitle"  output.check.dot.space
          format.series output.removenospace
          format.editors.fml output % BV 2011/09/27 Moved dot to comma
          format.bvolume.noseries output
          new.sentence
          organization output
          publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require publisher (?)
          address "address" bibinfo.output.check  % jtb: require address
          format.bookpages output
        }
        {
           format.in.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check
           format.editors.fml output
           new.sentence
           format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output
        }
      if$
      format.articleno output
      format.pages.check.without.articleno output
    }
    {
      format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.articleno output
      format.pages.check.without.articleno output
    }
  if$
  format.articleno.numpages output
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { conference } { inproceedings }

FUNCTION { manual }
{
  output.bibitem
  author empty.or.unknown
    { editor empty.or.unknown
      { organization "organization" output.check
        organization format.key output }  % if all else fails, use key
      { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
    if$
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  organization address new.block.checkb
  % jtb: back to normal style: organization, address
  organization "organization" output.check
  address output
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { mastersthesis }
{
  output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output          % added
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.title emphasize "title" output.check  % NB: ACM style requires emphasized thesis title
  new.block
  "\bibinfo{thesistype}{Master's\ thesis}" format.thesis.type output
  new.sentence
  school "school" bibinfo.output.check
  address empty.or.unknown
     { }
     { "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output }
  if$
  new.block
  format.advisor output
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { misc }
{
  output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output            % added
  output.year.check                   % added
  title howpublished new.block.checkb
  format.title output
  new.block
  howpublished empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output }
  if$
  "" output.nonnull.dot.space
  output.day.month.year
  calc.format.page.count output
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { online } { misc }

FUNCTION { game } { misc }

FUNCTION { phdthesis }
{
  output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output          % added
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.title emphasize "title" output.check  % NB: ACM style requires emphasized thesis title
  new.block
  "\bibinfo{thesistype}{Ph.D. Dissertation}" format.thesis.type output
  new.sentence
  school "school" bibinfo.output.check
  address empty.or.unknown
     { }
     { "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output }
  if$
  new.block
  format.advisor output
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty.or.unknown
    { month empty.or.unknown
        {
          ""                    % output empty date if year/month both empty
          day empty.or.unknown
            {  }
            { "there's a day but no month or year in " cite$ * warning$ }
          if$
        }
        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
          month
          day empty.or.unknown
            { }
            { " " * day * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { month empty.or.unknown
        {
          year                  % output only year if month empty
          day empty.or.unknown
            {  }
            { "there's a day and year but no month in " cite$ * warning$ }
          if$
        }
        {
          month " " *
          day empty.or.unknown
            { }
            { day * ", " * }
          if$
          year *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{
  empty.or.unknown
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION { periodical }
{
  output.bibitem
  editor empty.or.unknown
    { organization output }
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
  new.block
  output.year.check
  new.sentence
  format.articletitle "title" output.check
  format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output
  calc.format.page.count output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { proceedings }
{
  output.bibitem
  editor empty.or.unknown
    { organization output
      organization format.key output }  % gnp - changed from author format.key
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
  % author format.key output             % gnp - removed (should be either
  %                                        editor or organization
  output.year.check                    % added (newapa)
  new.block
  format.btitle format.city "title" output.check        % jtb: added city
  new.sentence
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  new.sentence
  organization output
  % jtb: normal order: publisher, address
  publisher empty.or.unknown
     { }
     { "\bibinfo{publisher}{" publisher * "}" * output }
  if$
  address empty.or.unknown
     { }
     { "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output }
  if$
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { techreport }
{
  output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output             % added
  output.year.check                    % added
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  new.block
%   format.tr.number output               % jtb: moved month ...
  format.tr.number output new.sentence    % Gerry  - need dot 2011/09/28
  institution "institution" bibinfo.output.check
  address empty.or.unknown
    { }
    { "\bibinfo{address}{" address "}" * * output }
  if$
  new.sentence
  format.named.pages output
  % ACM omits year at end in transactions style
  % format.day.month.year output.nonnull.dot.space  % jtb: ... to here (no parens)
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { unpublished }
{
  output.bibitem
  format.authors
  "author" output.check
  author format.key output              % added
  output.year.check                     % added
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  fin.sentence
  output.day.month.year                 % UTAH
  calc.format.page.count output
  fin.block
  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION { default.type } { misc }

%%% ACM journal-style month definitions: full name if 1--5 letters, else
%%% abbreviation of 3 or 4 characters and a dot

MACRO {jan}             {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb}             {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar}             {"March"}

MACRO {apr}             {"April"}

MACRO {may}             {"May"}

MACRO {jun}             {"June"}

MACRO {jul}             {"July"}

MACRO {aug}             {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep}             {"Sept."}

MACRO {oct}             {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov}             {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec}             {"Dec."}

READ

FUNCTION { sortify }
{
  purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

FUNCTION { chop.word }
{
  's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}

FUNCTION { sort.format.names }
{
  's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
          { "   " * }
         'skip$
      if$
      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
          { " et~al" * }
          { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION { sort.format.title }
{
  't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION { author.sort }
{
  author empty.or.unknown
    { key empty.or.unknown
         { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
           "" }
         { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { author.editor.sort }
{
  author empty.or.unknown
    {
      editor empty.or.unknown
         {
           key empty.or.unknown
             { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
               ""
             }
             { key sortify }
           if$
         }
         { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { editor.organization.sort }
{
  % added - GNP. Stack editor or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
  % Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations

editor empty.or.unknown
    { organization empty.or.unknown
        { key empty.or.unknown
            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { organization sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { author.editor.organization.sort }
{
  % added - GNP. Stack author or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
  % Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations

author empty.or.unknown
    {
      editor empty.or.unknown
        { organization empty.or.unknown
            { key empty.or.unknown
                { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
                ""
                }
                { key sortify }
              if$
            }
            { organization sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { presort }
{
  % Presort creates the bibentry's label via a call to calc.label, and then
  % sorts the entries based on entry type. Chicago.bst adds support for
  % including organizations as the sort key; the following is stolen from
  % alpha.bst.

calc.label 
  basic.label.year 
  swap$
  "    " 
  swap$
  * *
  "    " 
  *
  sortify
  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
  type$ "article" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
      type$ "periodical" =
      or
        'editor.organization.sort
        { type$ "manual" =
            'author.editor.organization.sort
            'author.sort
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$        % added for newapa
  'sort.label :=                  % added for newapa
  sort.label                      % added for newapa
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE { presort }

SORT             % by label, year, author/editor, title

FUNCTION { initialize.extra.label.stuff }
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
}

FUNCTION { forward.pass }
{
  % Pass through all entries, comparing current entry to last one.
  % Need to concatenate year to the stack (done by calc.label) to determine
  % if two entries are the same (see presort)

last.label
  % OLD:calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
  % NEW:
  calc.basic.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
  #1 entry.max$ substring$ =     % are they equal?
     { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
       last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
     }
     { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
       "" 'extra.label :=
       % OLD: calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
       % NEW:
       calc.basic.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
       #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'last.label := % assign to last.label
     }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { reverse.pass }
{
  next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
     'skip$
  if$
  label.year extra.label * 'sort.year :=
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
}

EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}

FUNCTION { bib.sort.order }
{
  sort.label
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE { bib.sort.order }

SORT             % by sort.label, year, title --- giving final bib. order.

FUNCTION { begin.bib }
{
  %% Set to #0 show 13-digit ISBN in preference to 10-digit ISBN.
  %% Set to #1 to show both 10-digit and 13-digit ISBNs.
  #1 'show-isbn-10-and-13 :=

"%%% -*-BibTeX-*-" writeln
  "%%% Do NOT edit. File created by BibTeX with style" writeln
  "%%% ACM-Reference-Format-Journals [18-Jan-2012]." writeln
  "" writeln

preamble$ empty.or.unknown
    'skip$
    { preamble$ writeln }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{00}" writeln
  ""                                                                         writeln
  "%%% ====================================================================" writeln
  "%%% NOTE TO THE USER: you can override these defaults by providing"       writeln
  "%%% customized versions of any of these macros before the \bibliography"  writeln
  "%%% command.  Each of them MUST provide its own final punctuation,"       writeln
  "%%% except for \shownote{}, \showDOI{}, and \showURL{}.  The latter two"  writeln
  "%%% do not use final punctuation, in order to avoid confusing it with"    writeln
  "%%% the Web address."                                                     writeln
  "%%%"                                                                      writeln
  "%%% To suppress output of a particular field, define its macro to expand" writeln
  "%%% to an empty string, or better, \unskip, like this:"                   writeln
  "%%%"                                                                      writeln
  "%%% \newcommand{\showDOI}[1]{\unskip}   % LaTeX syntax"                   writeln
  "%%%"                                                                      writeln
  "%%% \def \showDOI #1{\unskip}           % plain TeX syntax"               writeln
  "%%%"                                                                      writeln
  "%%% ====================================================================" writeln
  ""                                                                         writeln

%% ACM publications do not use CODEN, ISSN, and LCCN data, so their default
  %% macro wrappers expand to \unskip, discarding their values and unwanted
  %% space.
  %%
  %% For other publications, prior definitions like these may be useful:
  %%
  %%     Plain TeX:
  %%         \def \showCODEN     #1{CODEN #1.}
  %%         \def \showISSN      #1{ISSN #1.}
  %%         \def \showLCCN      #1{LCCN #1.}
  %%
  %%     LaTeX:
  %%         \newcommand{\showCODEN}[1]{CODEN #1.}
  %%         \newcommand{\showISSN}[1]#1{ISSN #1.}
  %%         \newcommand{\showLCCN}[1]{LCCN #1.}

"\ifx \showCODEN    \undefined \def \showCODEN     #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
  "\ifx \showDOI      \undefined \def \showDOI       #1{#1}\fi" writeln
  % ACM styles omit ISBNs, but they can be included by suitable definitions of
  % \showISBNx and \showISBNxiii before the .bbl file is read
  "\ifx \showISBNx    \undefined \def \showISBNx     #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
  "\ifx \showISBNxiii \undefined \def \showISBNxiii  #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
  "\ifx \showISSN     \undefined \def \showISSN      #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
  "\ifx \showLCCN     \undefined \def \showLCCN      #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
  "\ifx \shownote     \undefined \def \shownote      #1{#1}          \fi" writeln % NB: final period supplied by add.period$ above
  "\ifx \showarticletitle \undefined \def \showarticletitle #1{#1}   \fi" writeln
  "\ifx \showURL      \undefined \def \showURL       {\relax}        \fi" writeln
  "% The following commands are used for tagged output and should be " writeln
  "% invisible to TeX" writeln
  "\providecommand\bibfield[2]{#2}" writeln
  "\providecommand\bibinfo[2]{#2}" writeln
  "\providecommand\natexlab[1]{#1}" writeln
  "\providecommand\showeprint[2][]{arXiv:#2}" writeln
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION { end.bib }
{
  newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}"
  writeln
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}

Ignore Space Show notes View Koli_2017/Koli_2017_Stanger.bib 0 → 100644
@string{acj = {Australian Computer Journal}} @string{acmcsur = {ACM Computing Surveys}} @string{acmq = {ACM Queue}} @string{acmtocs = {ACM Transactions on Computing Systems}} @string{acmtods = {ACM Transactions on Database Systems}} @string{acmtois = {ACM Transactions on Information Systems}} @string{acmtoit = {ACM Transactions on Internet Technology}} @string{acmtosem = {ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology}} @string{acmtosn = {ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks}} @string{acmtweb = {ACM Transactions on the Web}} @string{adt = {Application Development Trends}} @string{ai = {Artificial Intelligence}} @string{ajis = {Australasian Journal of Information Systems}} @string{basist = {Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology}} @string{bit = {Behaviour {\&} Information Technology}} @string{byte = {B{YTE}}} @string{cacm = {Communications of the ACM}} @string{ccis = {Communications in Computer and Information Science}} @string{cj = {The Computer Journal}} @string{crpit = {Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Techology}} @string{database = {ACM SIGMIS Database}} @string{dbj = {Database Journal}} @string{dbms = {DBMS Magazine}} @string{dbpd = {Database Programming {\&} Design}} @string{ddj = {Dr. Dobb's Journal}} @string{develop = {{d}evelop, The Apple Technical Journal}} @string{directions = {Apple Directions}} @string{dke = {Data {\&} Knowledge Engineering}} @string{dlib = {D-Lib Magazine}} @string{ejis = {European Journal of Information Systems}} @string{fm = {First Monday}} @string{hbr = {Harvard Business Review}} @string{ibmjrd = {IBM Journal of Research and Development}} @string{ibmsj = {IBM Systems Journal}} @string{idt = {Internet Development Trends}} @string{ieeeahc = {IEEE Annals of the History of Computing}} @string{ieeec = {IEEE Computer}} @string{ieeedeb = {IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin}} @string{ieeeic = {IEEE Internet Computing}} @string{ieeeis = {IEEE Intelligent Systems}} @string{ieeepc = {IEEE Pervasive Computing}} @string{ieees = {IEEE Software}} @string{ieeesp = {IEEE Spectrum}} @string{ieeetnn = {IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks}} @string{ieeetse = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}} @string{ijast = {International Journal of Applied Software Technology}} @string{ijcatr = {International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research}} @string{ijgis = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science}} @string{ijgisold = {International Journal of Geographical Information Systems}} @string{ijhcs = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies}} @string{ijmms = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies}} @string{ijseke = {International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering}} @string{ijswis = {International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems}} @string{ijwet = {International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology}} @string{ipm = {Information Processing and Management}} @string{is = {Information Systems}} @string{isedj = {Information Systems Education Journal}} @string{isj = {Information Systems Journal}} @string{ist = {Information and Software Technology}} @string{jacm = {Journal of the ACM}} @string{jasist = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology}} @string{jdim = {Journal of Digital Information Management}} @string{jdmm = {Journal of Digital Media Management}} @string{jiis = {Journal of Intelligent Information Systems}} @string{jlp = {Journal of Logic Programming}} @string{jodi = {Journal of Digital Information}} @string{jot = {Journal of Object Technology}} @string{jrpit = {Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology}} @string{jss = {The Journal of Systems and Software}} @string{lncs = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}} @string{misq = {MIS Quarterly}} @string{nzjc = {New Zealand Journal of Computing}} @string{nzjis = {New Zealand Journal of Information Systems}} @string{nzlimj = {New Zealand Library {\&} Information Management Journal}} @string{oracle = {Oracle Magazine}} @string{oss = {OCLC Systems {\&} Services: International Digital Library Perspectives}} @string{pcbi = {PLoS Computational Biology}} @string{pnas = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}} @string{pvldb = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment}} @string{sciam = {Scientific American}} @string{sej = {Software Engineering Journal}} @string{sigmetrics = {ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review}} @string{sigmod = {ACM SIGMOD Record}} @string{sigplan = {ACM SIGPLAN Notices}} @string{sigsoft = {ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes}} @string{spe = {Software---Practice and Experience}} @string{swj = {Semantic Web}} @string{tkde = {IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering}} @string{vldb = {The VLDB Journal}} @online{Ambler.S-2006a-Database, Author = {Scott W. Ambler}, Howpublished = {Essay, Agile Data web site}, Lastaccessed = {2017-07-20}, Title = {Database testing: {H}ow to regression test a relational database}, Url = {http://www.agiledata.org/essays/databaseTesting.html}, Year = {2006}} @article{Bench-Capon.T-1998a-Report, Author = {T. Bench-Capon and D. Castelli and F. Coenen and L. Devendeville-Brisoux and B. Eaglestone and N. Fiddian and A. Gray and A. Ligeza and A. Vermesan}, Journal = {Information Research}, Month = oct, Number = {2}, Articleno = {7}, Title = {Report on the 1st {I}nternational {W}orkshop on {V}alidation, {V}erification and {I}ntegrity {I}ssues of {E}xpert and {D}atabase {S}ystems}, Url = {http://www.informationr.net/ir/4-3/paper55.html}, Volume = {4}, Year = {1998}} @inproceedings{Bhangdiya.A-2015a-XDa-TA, Author = {Amol Bhangdiya and Bikash Chandra and Biplab Kar and Bharath Radhakrishnan and K. V. Maheshwara Reddy and Shetal Shah and S. Sudarshan}, Crossref = {Gehrke.J-2015a-ICDE}, Pages = {1468--1471}, Doi = {10.1109/ICDE.2015.7113403}, Title = {The {XDa-TA} system for automated grading of {SQL} query assignments}} @inproceedings{Binnig.C-2008a-Multi-RQP, Articleno = {5}, Author = {Carsten Binnig and Donald Kossmann and Eric Lo}, Crossref = {Giakoumakis.L-2008a-DBTest}, Doi = {10.1145/1385269.1385276}, Isbn = {978-1-60558-233-7}, Title = {Multi-{RQP}: {G}enerating test databases for the functional testing of {OLTP} applications}} @article{Chandra.B-2015a-Data, Author = {Bikash Chandra and Bhupesh Chawda and Biplab Kar and K. V. Maheshwara Reddy and Shetal Shah and S. Sudarshan}, Journal = vldb, Month = dec, Number = {6}, Pages = {731--755}, Title = {Data generation for testing and grading {SQL} queries}, Volume = {24}, Doi = {10.1007/s00778-015-0395-0}, Year = {2015}} @article{Chandra.B-2016a-Partial, Author = {Bikash Chandra and Mathew Joseph and Bharath Radhakrishnan and Shreevidhya Acharya and S. Sudarshan}, Journal = pvldb, Month = sep, Number = {13}, Pages = {1541--1544}, Title = {Partial marking for automated grading of {SQL} queries}, Volume = {9}, Doi = {10.14778/3007263.3007304}, Year = {2016}} @inproceedings{Chays.D-2008a-Query-based, Articleno = {6}, Author = {David Chays and John Shahid and Phyllis G. Frankl}, Crossref = {Giakoumakis.L-2008a-DBTest}, Doi = {10.1145/1385269.1385277}, Isbn = {978-1-60558-233-7}, Keywords = {database, software testing}, Title = {Query-based test generation for database applications}} @techreport{Choppella.V-2006a-Constructing, Address = {Bloomington, Indiana, USA}, Author = {Venkatesh Choppella and Arijit Sengupta and Edward L. Robertson and Steven D, Johnson}, Institution = {Indiana University, School of Informatics and Computing}, Month = apr, Number = {TR632}, Title = {Constructing and Validating entity-relationship data models in the {PVS} specification language: {A} case study using a text-book example}, Type = {Technical report}, Url = {https://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-bin/techreports/TRNNN.cgi?trnum=TR632}, Year = {2006}} @inproceedings{Dekeyser.S-2007a-Computer, Author = {Stijn Dekeyser and Michael de Raadt and Tien Yu Lee}, Crossref = {Bailey.J-2007a-ADC}, Pages = {53--62}, Url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1273730.1273737}, Title = {Computer assisted assessment of SQL query skills}} @inproceedings{Dietrich.S-1997a-WinRDBI, Author = {Suzanne W. Dietrich and Eric Eckert and Kevin Piscator}, Crossref = {Lewis.J-1998a-SIGCSE}, Doi = {10.1145/268085.268131}, Pages = {126--130}, Title = {{WinRDBI}: {A} {W}indows-based relational database educational tool}} @inproceedings{Farre.C-2008a-SVTe, Articleno = {9}, Author = {Carles Farr{\'e} and Guillem Rull and Ernest Teniente and Toni Urp{\'\i}}, Crossref = {Giakoumakis.L-2008a-DBTest}, Doi = {10.1145/1385269.1385281}, Isbn = {978-1-60558-233-7}, Title = {{SVTe}: {A} tool to validate database schemas giving explanations}} @online{Gong.A-2015a-CS-121-Automation, Author = {Angela Gong}, Lastaccessed = {2017-07-20}, Month = oct, Title = {CS 121 Automation Tool}, Url = {https://github.com/anjoola/cs12x-automate}, Year = {2015}} @inproceedings{Haller.K-2010a-Test, Articleno = {6}, Author = {Klaus Haller}, Crossref = {Babu.S-2010a-DBTest}, Doi = {10.1145/1838126.1838132}, Keywords = {databases, information systems, test coverage, test data, testing}, Title = {The test data challenge for database-driven applications}} @inproceedings{Kearns.R-1997a-A-teaching, Author = {R. Kearns and Stephen Shead and Alan Fekete}, Crossref = {Sondergaard.H-1997a-ACSE}, Doi = {10.1145/299359.299391}, Pages = {224--231}, Title = {A teaching system for {SQL}}} @inproceedings{Kenny.C-2005a-Automated, Author = {Claire Kenny and Claus Pahl}, Crossref = {Dann.W-2005a-SIGCSE}, Pages = {58--62}, Doi = {10.1145/1047124.1047377}, Title = {Automated tutoring for a database skills training environment}} @inproceedings{Kleiner.C-2013a-Automated, Author = {Carsten Kleiner and Christopher Tebbe and Felix Heine}, Crossref = {Laakso.M-2013a-KoliCalling}, Pages = {161--168}, Doi = {10.1145/2526968.2526986}, Title = {Automated grading and tutoring of {SQL} statements to improve student learning}} @inproceedings{Lukovic.I-2003a-Proceedings, Author = {Ivan Lukovi{\'c} and Sonja Risti{\'c} and Pavle Mogin}, Crossref = {SISY-2003a-Proceedings}, Pages = {125--136}, Title = {On the formal specification of database schema constraints}, Url = {http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~pmogin/SISY_2003.pdf}} @inproceedings{Marcozzi.M-2012a-Test, Articleno = {6}, Author = {Micha{\"e}l Marcozzi and Wim Vanhoof and Jean-Luc Hainaut}, Crossref = {Lo.E-2012a-DBTest}, Doi = {10.1145/2304510.2304518}, Isbn = {978-1-4503-1429-9}, Title = {Test input generation for database programs using relational constraints}} @inproceedings{Mitrovic.A-1998a-Learning, Author = {Antonija Mitrovic}, Crossref = {Lewis.J-1998a-SIGCSE}, Doi = {10.1145/274790.274318}, Pages = {307--311}, Title = {Learning {SQL} with a computerized tutor}} @inproceedings{Prior.J-2004a-Backwash, Author = {Julia Coleman Prior and Raymond Lister}, Crossref = {Boyle.R-2004a-ITiCSE}, Pages = {32--36}, Doi = {10.1145/1026487.1008008}, Title = {The backwash effect on {SQL} skills grading}} @inproceedings{Russell.G-2004a-Improving, Author = {Gordon Russell and Andrew Cumming}, Crossref = {Kinshuk-2004a-CELDA}, Pages = {281--288}, Url = {http://www.napier.ac.uk/research-and-innovation/research-search/outputs/improving-the-student-learning-experience-for-sql-using-automatic-marking}, Title = {Improving the student learning experience for {SQL} using automatic marking}} @inproceedings{Russell.G-2005a-Online, Author = {Gordon Russell and Andrew Cumming}, Crossref = {OReilly.U-2005a-TLAD}, Pages = {46--50}, Url = {http://www.napier.ac.uk/research-and-innovation/research-search/outputs/online-assessment-and-checking-of-sql-detecting-and-preventing-plagiarism}, Title = {Online assessment and checking of {SQL}: {D}etecting and preventing plagiarism}} @inproceedings{Sadiq.S-2004a-SQLator, Author = {Shazia Wasim Sadiq and Maria E. Orlowska and Wasim Sadiq and Joe Y.-C. Lin}, Crossref = {Boyle.R-2004a-ITiCSE}, Pages = {223--227}, Doi = {10.1145/1026487.1008055}, Title = {{SQLator}: {A}n online {SQL} learning workbench}} @article{Spivey.J-1989a-An-introduction, Author = {J.M. Spivey}, Doi = {10.1049/sej.1989.0006}, Journal = sej, Month = jan, Number = {1}, Pages = {40--50}, Title = {An introduction to {Z} and formal specifications}, Volume = {4}, Year = {1989}} @article{Vatanawood.W-2004a-Formal, Author = {Wiwat Vatanawood and Wanchai Rivepiboon}, Doi = {10.1002/int.10159}, Journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems}, Month = jan # {--} # feb, Number = {1--2}, Pages = {159--175}, Title = {Formal specification synthesis for relational database model}, Volume = {19}, Year = {2004}} # Crossrefs @proceedings{Babu.S-2010a-DBTest, Address = {Indianapolis, Indiana, USA}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2010)}, Editor = {Shivnath Babu and G. N. Paulley}, Isbn = {978-1-4503-0190-9}, Month = jun # {~7}, Publisher = {ACM}, Title = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2010)}, Year = {2010}} @proceedings{Bailey.J-2007a-ADC, Address = {Ballarat, Victoria, Australia}, Editor = {James Bailey and Alan Fekete}, Month = jan # {~29--} # feb # {~2}, Publisher = {Australian Computer Society}, Booktitle = {Database Technologies 2007, Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Database Conference (ADC 2007)}, Title = {Database Technologies 2007, Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Database Conference (ADC 2007)}, Volume = {63}, Year = {2007}} @proceedings{Boyle.R-2004a-ITiCSE, Address = {Leeds, UK}, Editor = {Roger D. Boyle and Martyn Clark and Amruth N. Kumar}, Month = jun # {~28--30}, Publisher = {ACM}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Annual SIGCSE Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE 2004)}, Title = {Proceedings of the 9th Annual SIGCSE Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE 2004)}, Year = {2004}} @proceedings{Dann.W-2005a-SIGCSE, Address = {St. Louis, Missouri, USA}, Editor = {Wanda Dann and Thomas L. Naps and Paul T. Tymann and Doug Baldwin}, Month = feb # {~23--27}, Publisher = {ACM}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 2005)}, Title = {Proceedings of the 36th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 2005)}, Year = {2005}} @proceedings{Gehrke.J-2015a-ICDE, Address = {Seoul, South Korea}, Editor = {Johannes Gehrke and Wolfgang Lehner and Kyuseok Shim and Sang Kyun Cha and Guy M. Lohman}, Month = apr # {~13--17}, Publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2015)}, Title = {Proceedings of the 31st IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2015)}, Year = {2015}} @proceedings{Giakoumakis.L-2008a-DBTest, Address = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2008)}, Editor = {Leo Giakoumakis and Donald Kossmann}, Isbn = {978-1-60558-233-7}, Month = jun # {~13}, Publisher = {ACM}, Title = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2008)}, Year = {2008}} @proceedings{Kinshuk-2004a-CELDA, Address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, Editor = {{Kinshuk} and Demetrios G. Sampson and Pedro T. Isa{\'\i}as}, Month = {15--17~} # dec, Publisher = {IADIS}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA'04)}, Title = {Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA'04)}, Year = {2004}} @proceedings{OReilly.U-2005a-TLAD, Address = {Sunderland, UK}, Editor = {Una O'Reilly and Richard Cooper}, Month = jul, Publisher = {LTSN-ICS}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd HEA-ICS Workshop on Teaching Learning and Assessment in Databases (TLAD 2005)}, Title = {Proceedings of the 3rd HEA-ICS Workshop on Teaching Learning and Assessment in Databases (TLAD 2005)}, Year = {2005}} @proceedings{Laakso.M-2013a-KoliCalling, Address = {Koli, Finland}, Editor = {Mikko-Jussi Laakso and {Simon}}, Month = nov # {~14--17}, Publisher = {ACM}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling '13)}, Title = {Proceedings of the 13th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling '13)}, Year = {2013}} @proceedings{Lewis.J-1998a-SIGCSE, Address = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE'98)}, Editor = {John Lewis and Jane Prey and Daniel Joyce and John Impagliazzo}, Isbn = {0-89791-994-7}, Month = feb # {~26--} # mar # {~1}, Publisher = {ACM}, Title = {Proceedings of the 29th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE'98)}, Year = {1998}} @proceedings{Lo.E-2012a-DBTest, Address = {Scottsdale, Arizona, USA}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2012)}, Editor = {Eric Lo and Florian Waas}, Isbn = {978-1-4503-1429-9}, Month = may # {~21}, Publisher = {ACM}, Title = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2012)}, Year = {2012}} @proceedings{SISY-2003a-Proceedings, Address = {Subotica, Serbia}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st Serbian-Hungarian Joint Symposium on Intelligent Systems (SISY 2003)}, Month = {19--20~} # sep, Title = {Proceedings of the 1st Serbian-Hungarian Joint Symposium on Intelligent Systems (SISY 2003)}, Year = {2003}} @proceedings{Sondergaard.H-1997a-ACSE, Address = {Melbourne, Victoria, Australia}, Booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCSE 2nd Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education (ACSE 1997)}, Editor = {Harald S{\o}ndergaard and A. John Hurst}, Isbn = {0-89791-958-0}, Publisher = {ACM}, Title = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCSE 2nd Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education (ACSE 1997)}, Year = {1997}}

Ignore Space Show notes View

Koli_2017/Koli_2017_Stanger.bib 0 → 100644

@string{acj = {Australian Computer Journal}}
@string{acmcsur = {ACM Computing Surveys}}
@string{acmq = {ACM Queue}}
@string{acmtocs = {ACM Transactions on Computing Systems}}
@string{acmtods = {ACM Transactions on Database Systems}}
@string{acmtois = {ACM Transactions on Information Systems}}
@string{acmtoit = {ACM Transactions on Internet Technology}}
@string{acmtosem = {ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology}}
@string{acmtosn = {ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks}}
@string{acmtweb = {ACM Transactions on the Web}}
@string{adt = {Application Development Trends}}
@string{ai = {Artificial Intelligence}}
@string{ajis = {Australasian Journal of Information Systems}}
@string{basist = {Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology}}
@string{bit = {Behaviour {\&} Information Technology}}
@string{byte = {B{YTE}}}
@string{cacm = {Communications of the ACM}}
@string{ccis = {Communications in Computer and Information Science}}
@string{cj = {The Computer Journal}}
@string{crpit = {Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Techology}}
@string{database = {ACM SIGMIS Database}}
@string{dbj = {Database Journal}}
@string{dbms = {DBMS Magazine}}
@string{dbpd = {Database Programming {\&} Design}}
@string{ddj = {Dr. Dobb's Journal}}
@string{develop = {{d}evelop, The Apple Technical Journal}}
@string{directions = {Apple Directions}}
@string{dke = {Data {\&} Knowledge Engineering}}
@string{dlib = {D-Lib Magazine}}
@string{ejis = {European Journal of Information Systems}}
@string{fm = {First Monday}}
@string{hbr = {Harvard Business Review}}
@string{ibmjrd = {IBM Journal of Research and Development}}
@string{ibmsj = {IBM Systems Journal}}
@string{idt = {Internet Development Trends}}
@string{ieeeahc = {IEEE Annals of the History of Computing}}
@string{ieeec = {IEEE Computer}}
@string{ieeedeb = {IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin}}
@string{ieeeic = {IEEE Internet Computing}}
@string{ieeeis = {IEEE Intelligent Systems}}
@string{ieeepc = {IEEE Pervasive Computing}}
@string{ieees = {IEEE Software}}
@string{ieeesp = {IEEE Spectrum}}
@string{ieeetnn = {IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks}}
@string{ieeetse = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}}
@string{ijast = {International Journal of Applied Software Technology}}
@string{ijcatr = {International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research}}
@string{ijgis = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science}}
@string{ijgisold = {International Journal of Geographical Information Systems}}
@string{ijhcs = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies}}
@string{ijmms = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies}}
@string{ijseke = {International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering}}
@string{ijswis = {International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems}}
@string{ijwet = {International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology}}
@string{ipm = {Information Processing and Management}}
@string{is = {Information Systems}}
@string{isedj = {Information Systems Education Journal}}
@string{isj = {Information Systems Journal}}
@string{ist = {Information and Software Technology}}
@string{jacm = {Journal of the ACM}}
@string{jasist = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology}}
@string{jdim = {Journal of Digital Information Management}}
@string{jdmm = {Journal of Digital Media Management}}
@string{jiis = {Journal of Intelligent Information Systems}}
@string{jlp = {Journal of Logic Programming}}
@string{jodi = {Journal of Digital Information}}
@string{jot = {Journal of Object Technology}}
@string{jrpit = {Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology}}
@string{jss = {The Journal of Systems and Software}}
@string{lncs = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}
@string{misq = {MIS Quarterly}}
@string{nzjc = {New Zealand Journal of Computing}}
@string{nzjis = {New Zealand Journal of Information Systems}}
@string{nzlimj = {New Zealand Library {\&} Information Management Journal}}
@string{oracle = {Oracle Magazine}}
@string{oss = {OCLC Systems {\&} Services: International Digital Library Perspectives}}
@string{pcbi = {PLoS Computational Biology}}
@string{pnas = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}}
@string{pvldb = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment}}
@string{sciam = {Scientific American}}
@string{sej = {Software Engineering Journal}}
@string{sigmetrics = {ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review}}
@string{sigmod = {ACM SIGMOD Record}}
@string{sigplan = {ACM SIGPLAN Notices}}
@string{sigsoft = {ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes}}
@string{spe = {Software---Practice and Experience}}
@string{swj = {Semantic Web}}
@string{tkde = {IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering}}
@string{vldb = {The VLDB Journal}}

@online{Ambler.S-2006a-Database,
	Author = {Scott W. Ambler},
	Howpublished = {Essay, Agile Data web site},
	Lastaccessed = {2017-07-20},
	Title = {Database testing: {H}ow to regression test a relational database},
	Url = {http://www.agiledata.org/essays/databaseTesting.html},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Bench-Capon.T-1998a-Report,
	Author = {T. Bench-Capon and D. Castelli and F. Coenen and L. Devendeville-Brisoux and B. Eaglestone and N. Fiddian and A. Gray and A. Ligeza and A. Vermesan},
	Journal = {Information Research},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {2},
	Articleno = {7},
	Title = {Report on the 1st {I}nternational {W}orkshop on {V}alidation, {V}erification and {I}ntegrity {I}ssues of {E}xpert and {D}atabase {S}ystems},
	Url = {http://www.informationr.net/ir/4-3/paper55.html},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {1998}}

@inproceedings{Bhangdiya.A-2015a-XDa-TA,
	Author = {Amol Bhangdiya and Bikash Chandra and Biplab Kar and Bharath Radhakrishnan and K. V. Maheshwara Reddy and Shetal Shah and S. Sudarshan},
	Crossref = {Gehrke.J-2015a-ICDE},
	Pages = {1468--1471},
	Doi = {10.1109/ICDE.2015.7113403},
	Title = {The {XDa-TA} system for automated grading of {SQL} query assignments}}

@inproceedings{Binnig.C-2008a-Multi-RQP,
	Articleno = {5},
	Author = {Carsten Binnig and Donald Kossmann and Eric Lo},
	Crossref = {Giakoumakis.L-2008a-DBTest},
	Doi = {10.1145/1385269.1385276},
	Isbn = {978-1-60558-233-7},
	Title = {Multi-{RQP}: {G}enerating test databases for the functional testing of {OLTP} applications}}

@article{Chandra.B-2015a-Data,
	Author = {Bikash Chandra and Bhupesh Chawda and Biplab Kar and K. V. Maheshwara Reddy and Shetal Shah and S. Sudarshan},
	Journal = vldb,
	Month = dec,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {731--755},
	Title = {Data generation for testing and grading {SQL} queries},
	Volume = {24},
	Doi = {10.1007/s00778-015-0395-0},
	Year = {2015}}

@article{Chandra.B-2016a-Partial,
	Author = {Bikash Chandra and Mathew Joseph and Bharath Radhakrishnan and Shreevidhya Acharya and S. Sudarshan},
	Journal = pvldb,
	Month = sep,
	Number = {13},
	Pages = {1541--1544},
	Title = {Partial marking for automated grading of {SQL} queries},
	Volume = {9},
	Doi = {10.14778/3007263.3007304},
	Year = {2016}}

@inproceedings{Chays.D-2008a-Query-based,
	Articleno = {6},
	Author = {David Chays and John Shahid and Phyllis G. Frankl},
	Crossref = {Giakoumakis.L-2008a-DBTest},
	Doi = {10.1145/1385269.1385277},
	Isbn = {978-1-60558-233-7},
	Keywords = {database, software testing},
	Title = {Query-based test generation for database applications}}

@techreport{Choppella.V-2006a-Constructing,
	Address = {Bloomington, Indiana, USA},
	Author = {Venkatesh Choppella and Arijit Sengupta and Edward L. Robertson and Steven D, Johnson},
	Institution = {Indiana University, School of Informatics and Computing},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {TR632},
	Title = {Constructing and Validating entity-relationship data models in the {PVS} specification language: {A} case study using a text-book example},
	Type = {Technical report},
	Url = {https://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-bin/techreports/TRNNN.cgi?trnum=TR632},
	Year = {2006}}

@inproceedings{Dekeyser.S-2007a-Computer,
	Author = {Stijn Dekeyser and Michael de Raadt and Tien Yu Lee},
	Crossref = {Bailey.J-2007a-ADC},
	Pages = {53--62},
	Url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1273730.1273737},
	Title = {Computer assisted assessment of SQL query skills}}

@inproceedings{Dietrich.S-1997a-WinRDBI,
	Author = {Suzanne W. Dietrich and Eric Eckert and Kevin Piscator},
	Crossref = {Lewis.J-1998a-SIGCSE},
	Doi = {10.1145/268085.268131},
	Pages = {126--130},
	Title = {{WinRDBI}: {A} {W}indows-based relational database educational tool}}

@inproceedings{Farre.C-2008a-SVTe,
	Articleno = {9},
	Author = {Carles Farr{\'e} and Guillem Rull and Ernest Teniente and Toni Urp{\'\i}},
	Crossref = {Giakoumakis.L-2008a-DBTest},
	Doi = {10.1145/1385269.1385281},
	Isbn = {978-1-60558-233-7},
	Title = {{SVTe}: {A} tool to validate database schemas giving explanations}}

@online{Gong.A-2015a-CS-121-Automation,
	Author = {Angela Gong},
	Lastaccessed = {2017-07-20},
	Month = oct,
	Title = {CS 121 Automation Tool},
	Url = {https://github.com/anjoola/cs12x-automate},
	Year = {2015}}

@inproceedings{Haller.K-2010a-Test,
	Articleno = {6},
	Author = {Klaus Haller},
	Crossref = {Babu.S-2010a-DBTest},
	Doi = {10.1145/1838126.1838132},
	Keywords = {databases, information systems, test coverage, test data, testing},
	Title = {The test data challenge for database-driven applications}}

@inproceedings{Kearns.R-1997a-A-teaching,
	Author = {R. Kearns and Stephen Shead and Alan Fekete},
	Crossref = {Sondergaard.H-1997a-ACSE},
	Doi = {10.1145/299359.299391},
	Pages = {224--231},
	Title = {A teaching system for {SQL}}}

@inproceedings{Kenny.C-2005a-Automated,
	Author = {Claire Kenny and Claus Pahl},
	Crossref = {Dann.W-2005a-SIGCSE},
	Pages = {58--62},
	Doi = {10.1145/1047124.1047377},
	Title = {Automated tutoring for a database skills training environment}}

@inproceedings{Kleiner.C-2013a-Automated,
	Author = {Carsten Kleiner and Christopher Tebbe and Felix Heine},
	Crossref = {Laakso.M-2013a-KoliCalling},
	Pages = {161--168},
	Doi = {10.1145/2526968.2526986},
	Title = {Automated grading and tutoring of {SQL} statements to improve student learning}}

@inproceedings{Lukovic.I-2003a-Proceedings,
	Author = {Ivan Lukovi{\'c} and Sonja Risti{\'c} and Pavle Mogin},
	Crossref = {SISY-2003a-Proceedings},
	Pages = {125--136},
	Title = {On the formal specification of database schema constraints},
	Url = {http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~pmogin/SISY_2003.pdf}}

@inproceedings{Marcozzi.M-2012a-Test,
	Articleno = {6},
	Author = {Micha{\"e}l Marcozzi and Wim Vanhoof and Jean-Luc Hainaut},
	Crossref = {Lo.E-2012a-DBTest},
	Doi = {10.1145/2304510.2304518},
	Isbn = {978-1-4503-1429-9},
	Title = {Test input generation for database programs using relational constraints}}

@inproceedings{Mitrovic.A-1998a-Learning,
	Author = {Antonija Mitrovic},
	Crossref = {Lewis.J-1998a-SIGCSE},
	Doi = {10.1145/274790.274318},
	Pages = {307--311},
	Title = {Learning {SQL} with a computerized tutor}}

@inproceedings{Prior.J-2004a-Backwash,
	Author = {Julia Coleman Prior and Raymond Lister},
	Crossref = {Boyle.R-2004a-ITiCSE},
	Pages = {32--36},
	Doi = {10.1145/1026487.1008008},
	Title = {The backwash effect on {SQL} skills grading}}

@inproceedings{Russell.G-2004a-Improving,
	Author = {Gordon Russell and Andrew Cumming},
	Crossref = {Kinshuk-2004a-CELDA},
	Pages = {281--288},
	Url = {http://www.napier.ac.uk/research-and-innovation/research-search/outputs/improving-the-student-learning-experience-for-sql-using-automatic-marking},
	Title = {Improving the student learning experience for {SQL} using automatic marking}}

@inproceedings{Russell.G-2005a-Online,
	Author = {Gordon Russell and Andrew Cumming},
	Crossref = {OReilly.U-2005a-TLAD},
	Pages = {46--50},
	Url = {http://www.napier.ac.uk/research-and-innovation/research-search/outputs/online-assessment-and-checking-of-sql-detecting-and-preventing-plagiarism},
	Title = {Online assessment and checking of {SQL}: {D}etecting and preventing plagiarism}}

@inproceedings{Sadiq.S-2004a-SQLator,
	Author = {Shazia Wasim Sadiq and Maria E. Orlowska and Wasim Sadiq and Joe Y.-C. Lin},
	Crossref = {Boyle.R-2004a-ITiCSE},
	Pages = {223--227},
	Doi = {10.1145/1026487.1008055},
	Title = {{SQLator}: {A}n online {SQL} learning workbench}}

@article{Spivey.J-1989a-An-introduction,
	Author = {J.M. Spivey},
	Doi = {10.1049/sej.1989.0006},
	Journal = sej,
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {40--50},
	Title = {An introduction to {Z} and formal specifications},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Vatanawood.W-2004a-Formal,
	Author = {Wiwat Vatanawood and Wanchai Rivepiboon},
	Doi = {10.1002/int.10159},
	Journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems},
	Month = jan # {--} # feb,
	Number = {1--2},
	Pages = {159--175},
	Title = {Formal specification synthesis for relational database model},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2004}}

# Crossrefs

@proceedings{Babu.S-2010a-DBTest,
	Address = {Indianapolis, Indiana, USA},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2010)},
	Editor = {Shivnath Babu and G. N. Paulley},
	Isbn = {978-1-4503-0190-9},
	Month = jun # {~7},
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Title = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2010)},
	Year = {2010}}

@proceedings{Bailey.J-2007a-ADC,
	Address = {Ballarat, Victoria, Australia},
	Editor = {James Bailey and Alan Fekete},
	Month = jan # {~29--} # feb # {~2},
	Publisher = {Australian Computer Society},
	Booktitle = {Database Technologies 2007, Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Database Conference (ADC 2007)},
	Title = {Database Technologies 2007, Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Database Conference (ADC 2007)},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2007}}

@proceedings{Boyle.R-2004a-ITiCSE,
	Address = {Leeds, UK},
	Editor = {Roger D. Boyle and Martyn Clark and Amruth N. Kumar},
	Month = jun # {~28--30},
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Annual SIGCSE Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE 2004)},
	Title = {Proceedings of the 9th Annual SIGCSE Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE 2004)},
	Year = {2004}}

@proceedings{Dann.W-2005a-SIGCSE,
	Address = {St. Louis, Missouri, USA},
	Editor = {Wanda Dann and Thomas L. Naps and Paul T. Tymann and Doug Baldwin},
	Month = feb # {~23--27},
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 2005)},
	Title = {Proceedings of the 36th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 2005)},
	Year = {2005}}

@proceedings{Gehrke.J-2015a-ICDE,
	Address = {Seoul, South Korea},
	Editor = {Johannes Gehrke and Wolfgang Lehner and Kyuseok Shim and Sang Kyun Cha and Guy M. Lohman},
	Month = apr # {~13--17},
	Publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2015)},
	Title = {Proceedings of the 31st IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2015)},
	Year = {2015}}

@proceedings{Giakoumakis.L-2008a-DBTest,
	Address = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2008)},
	Editor = {Leo Giakoumakis and Donald Kossmann},
	Isbn = {978-1-60558-233-7},
	Month = jun # {~13},
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Title = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2008)},
	Year = {2008}}

@proceedings{Kinshuk-2004a-CELDA,
	Address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	Editor = {{Kinshuk} and Demetrios G. Sampson and Pedro T. Isa{\'\i}as},
	Month = {15--17~} # dec,
	Publisher = {IADIS},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA'04)},
	Title = {Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA'04)},
	Year = {2004}}

@proceedings{OReilly.U-2005a-TLAD,
	Address = {Sunderland, UK},
	Editor = {Una O'Reilly and Richard Cooper},
	Month = jul,
	Publisher = {LTSN-ICS},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd HEA-ICS Workshop on Teaching Learning and Assessment in Databases (TLAD 2005)},
	Title = {Proceedings of the 3rd HEA-ICS Workshop on Teaching Learning and Assessment in Databases (TLAD 2005)},
	Year = {2005}}

@proceedings{Laakso.M-2013a-KoliCalling,
	Address = {Koli, Finland},
	Editor = {Mikko-Jussi Laakso and {Simon}},
	Month = nov # {~14--17},
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling '13)},
	Title = {Proceedings of the 13th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling '13)},
	Year = {2013}}

@proceedings{Lewis.J-1998a-SIGCSE,
	Address = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE'98)},
	Editor = {John Lewis and Jane Prey and Daniel Joyce and John Impagliazzo},
	Isbn = {0-89791-994-7},
	Month = feb # {~26--} # mar # {~1},
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Title = {Proceedings of the 29th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE'98)},
	Year = {1998}}

@proceedings{Lo.E-2012a-DBTest,
	Address = {Scottsdale, Arizona, USA},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2012)},
	Editor = {Eric Lo and Florian Waas},
	Isbn = {978-1-4503-1429-9},
	Month = may # {~21},
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Title = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Testing Database Systems (DBTest 2012)},
	Year = {2012}}

@proceedings{SISY-2003a-Proceedings,
	Address = {Subotica, Serbia},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st Serbian-Hungarian Joint Symposium on Intelligent Systems (SISY 2003)},
	Month = {19--20~} # sep,
	Title = {Proceedings of the 1st Serbian-Hungarian Joint Symposium on Intelligent Systems (SISY 2003)},
	Year = {2003}}

@proceedings{Sondergaard.H-1997a-ACSE,
	Address = {Melbourne, Victoria, Australia},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCSE 2nd Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education (ACSE 1997)},
	Editor = {Harald S{\o}ndergaard and A. John Hurst},
	Isbn = {0-89791-958-0},
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Title = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCSE 2nd Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education (ACSE 1997)},
	Year = {1997}}

Ignore Space Show notes View Koli_2017/Koli_2017_Stanger.tex 0 → 100644
\documentclass[sigconf, authordraft]{acmart} % \title{(Mis)using unit testing to semi-automatically grade SQL schemas} \title{Semi-automated grading of SQL schemas by (mis)use of database unit testing} \author{Nigel Stanger} \orcid{orcid.org/0000-0003-3450-7443} \affiliation{ \institution{University of Otago} \department{Department of Information Science} \city{Dunedin} \country{New Zealand} } \email{nigel.stanger@otago.ac.nz} \begin{document} \begin{abstract} abstract \end{abstract} \maketitle \cite{Bhangdiya.A-2015a-XDa-TA,Chandra.B-2015a-Data,Chandra.B-2016a-Partial,Dekeyser.S-2007a-Computer,Kearns.R-1997a-A-teaching,Kenny.C-2005a-Automated,Kleiner.C-2013a-Automated,Mitrovic.A-1998a-Learning,Prior.J-2004a-Backwash,Russell.G-2004a-Improving,Russell.G-2005a-Online,Sadiq.S-2004a-SQLator,Gong.A-2015a-CS-121-Automation,Farre.C-2008a-SVTe,Dietrich.S-1997a-WinRDBI,Binnig.C-2008a-Multi-RQP,Chays.D-2008a-Query-based,Marcozzi.M-2012a-Test,Haller.K-2010a-Test,Vatanawood.W-2004a-Formal,Lukovic.I-2003a-Proceedings,Bench-Capon.T-1998a-Report,Spivey.J-1989a-An-introduction,Choppella.V-2006a-Constructing,Ambler.S-2006a-Database} \section{Introduction} blah blah blah \section{Prior work} \section{Architecture} \section{Evaluation} \section{Conclusions \& future work} \newpage \bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format} \bibliography{Koli_2017_Stanger} \end{document}

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Koli_2017/Koli_2017_Stanger.tex 0 → 100644

\documentclass[sigconf, authordraft]{acmart}

% \title{(Mis)using unit testing to semi-automatically grade SQL schemas}
\title{Semi-automated grading of SQL schemas by (mis)use of database unit testing}
\author{Nigel Stanger}
\orcid{orcid.org/0000-0003-3450-7443}
\affiliation{
    \institution{University of Otago}
    \department{Department of Information Science}
    \city{Dunedin}
    \country{New Zealand}
}
\email{nigel.stanger@otago.ac.nz}

\begin{document}

\begin{abstract}
    abstract
\end{abstract}

\maketitle

\cite{Bhangdiya.A-2015a-XDa-TA,Chandra.B-2015a-Data,Chandra.B-2016a-Partial,Dekeyser.S-2007a-Computer,Kearns.R-1997a-A-teaching,Kenny.C-2005a-Automated,Kleiner.C-2013a-Automated,Mitrovic.A-1998a-Learning,Prior.J-2004a-Backwash,Russell.G-2004a-Improving,Russell.G-2005a-Online,Sadiq.S-2004a-SQLator,Gong.A-2015a-CS-121-Automation,Farre.C-2008a-SVTe,Dietrich.S-1997a-WinRDBI,Binnig.C-2008a-Multi-RQP,Chays.D-2008a-Query-based,Marcozzi.M-2012a-Test,Haller.K-2010a-Test,Vatanawood.W-2004a-Formal,Lukovic.I-2003a-Proceedings,Bench-Capon.T-1998a-Report,Spivey.J-1989a-An-introduction,Choppella.V-2006a-Constructing,Ambler.S-2006a-Database}

\section{Introduction}

blah blah blah

\section{Prior work}

\section{Architecture}

\section{Evaluation}

\section{Conclusions \& future work}

\newpage
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{Koli_2017_Stanger}

\end{document}

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%% %% This is file `acmart.cls', %% generated with the docstrip utility. %% %% The original source files were: %% %% acmart.dtx (with options: `class') %% %% IMPORTANT NOTICE: %% %% For the copyright see the source file. %% %% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed %% with new filenames distinct from acmart.cls. %% %% For distribution of the original source see the terms %% for copying and modification in the file acmart.dtx. %% %% This generated file may be distributed as long as the %% original source files, as listed above, are part of the %% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be %% in the same archive or directory.) %% \CharacterTable %% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z %% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z %% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 %% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \# %% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \& %% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \) %% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \, %% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/ %% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< %% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? %% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ %% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ %% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \\| %% Right brace \} Tilde \~} \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} \ProvidesClass{acmart} [2017/07/09 v1.43 Typesetting articles for Association of Computing Machinery] \def\@classname{acmart} \InputIfFileExists{acmart-preload-hook.tex}{% \ClassWarning{\@classname}{% I am loading acmart-preload-hook.tex. You are fully responsible for any problems from now on.}}{} \RequirePackage{xkeyval} \RequirePackage{xstring} \define@choicekey+{acmart.cls}{format}[\ACM@format\ACM@format@nr]{% manuscript, acmsmall, acmlarge, acmtog, sigconf, siggraph, sigplan, sigchi, sigchi-a}[manuscript]{}{% \ClassError{\@classname}{The option format must be manuscript, acmsmall, acmlarge, acmtog, sigconf, siggraph, sigplan, sigchi or sigchi-a}} \def\@DeclareACMFormat#1{\DeclareOptionX{#1}{\setkeys{acmart.cls}{format=#1}}} \@DeclareACMFormat{manuscript} \@DeclareACMFormat{acmsmall} \@DeclareACMFormat{acmlarge} \@DeclareACMFormat{acmtog} \@DeclareACMFormat{sigconf} \@DeclareACMFormat{siggraph} \@DeclareACMFormat{sigplan} \@DeclareACMFormat{sigchi} \@DeclareACMFormat{sigchi-a} \ExecuteOptionsX{format} \define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{screen}[true]{% \if@ACM@screen \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using screen mode}% \else \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using screen mode}% \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option screen can be either true or false}} \ExecuteOptionsX{screen=false} \define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{review}[true]{% \if@ACM@review \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using review mode}% \else \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using review mode}% \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option review can be either true or false}} \ExecuteOptionsX{review=false} \define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{authorversion}[true]{% \if@ACM@authorversion \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using authorversion mode}% \else \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using authorversion mode}% \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option authorversion can be either true or false}} \ExecuteOptionsX{authorversion=false} \define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{natbib}[true]{% \if@ACM@natbib \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Explicitly selecting natbib mode}% \else \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Explicitly deselecting natbib mode}% \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option natbib can be either true or false}} \ExecuteOptionsX{natbib=true} \define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{anonymous}[true]{% \if@ACM@anonymous \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using anonymous mode}% \else \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using anonymous mode}% \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option anonymous can be either true or false}} \ExecuteOptionsX{anonymous=false} \define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{timestamp}[true]{% \if@ACM@timestamp \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using timestamp mode}% \else \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using timestamp mode}% \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option timestamp can be either true or false}} \ExecuteOptionsX{timestamp=false} \define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{authordraft}[true]{% \if@ACM@authordraft \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using authordraft mode}% \@ACM@timestamptrue \@ACM@reviewtrue \else \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using authordraft mode}% \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option authordraft can be either true or false}} \ExecuteOptionsX{authordraft=false} \def\ACM@fontsize{} \DeclareOptionX{9pt}{\edef\ACM@fontsize{\CurrentOption}} \DeclareOptionX{10pt}{\edef\ACM@fontsize{\CurrentOption}} \DeclareOptionX{11pt}{\edef\ACM@fontsize{\CurrentOption}} \DeclareOptionX{12pt}{\edef\ACM@fontsize{\CurrentOption}} \DeclareOptionX{draft}{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{amsart}} \DeclareOptionX{}{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{amsart}} \ProcessOptionsX \ClassInfo{\@classname}{Using format \ACM@format, number \ACM@format@nr} \newif\if@ACM@manuscript \newif\if@ACM@journal \newif\if@ACM@sigchiamode \ifnum\ACM@format@nr=5\relax % siggraph \ClassWarning{\@classname}{The format `siggraph' is now obsolete. I am switching to sigconf.} \setkeys{acmart.cls}{format=sigconf} \fi \ifnum\ACM@format@nr=0\relax \@ACM@manuscripttrue \else \@ACM@manuscriptfalse \fi \@ACM@sigchiamodefalse \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \@ACM@journaltrue \or % acmsmall \@ACM@journaltrue \or % acmlarge \@ACM@journaltrue \or % acmtog \@ACM@journaltrue \or % sigconf \@ACM@journalfalse \or % siggraph \@ACM@journalfalse \or % sigplan \@ACM@journalfalse \or % sigchi \@ACM@journalfalse \or % sigchi-a \@ACM@journalfalse \@ACM@sigchiamodetrue \fi \ifx\ACM@fontsize\@empty \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \def\ACM@fontsize{9pt}% \or % acmsmall \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}% \or % acmlarge \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}% \or % acmtog \def\ACM@fontsize{9pt}% \or % sigconf \def\ACM@fontsize{9pt}% \or % siggraph \def\ACM@fontsize{9pt}% \or % sigplan \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}% \or % sigchi \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}% \or % sigchi-a \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}% \fi \fi \ClassInfo{\@classname}{Using fontsize \ACM@fontsize} \LoadClass[\ACM@fontsize, reqno]{amsart} \RequirePackage{microtype} \RequirePackage{totpages} \RequirePackage{environ} \if@ACM@manuscript \RequirePackage{setspace} \onehalfspacing \fi \RequirePackage{textcase} \if@ACM@natbib \RequirePackage{natbib} \renewcommand{\bibsection}{% \section{\refname}% \phantomsection\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}% } \renewcommand{\bibfont}{\bibliofont} \renewcommand\setcitestyle[1]{ \@for\@tempa:=#1\do {\def\@tempb{round}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \renewcommand\NAT@open{(}\renewcommand\NAT@close{)}\fi \def\@tempb{square}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \renewcommand\NAT@open{[}\renewcommand\NAT@close{]}\fi \def\@tempb{angle}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \renewcommand\NAT@open{$<$}\renewcommand\NAT@close{$>$}\fi \def\@tempb{curly}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \renewcommand\NAT@open{\{}\renewcommand\NAT@close{\}}\fi \def\@tempb{semicolon}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \renewcommand\NAT@sep{;}\fi \def\@tempb{colon}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \renewcommand\NAT@sep{;}\fi \def\@tempb{comma}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \renewcommand\NAT@sep{,}\fi \def\@tempb{authoryear}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \NAT@numbersfalse\fi \def\@tempb{numbers}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \NAT@numberstrue\NAT@superfalse\fi \def\@tempb{super}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \NAT@numberstrue\NAT@supertrue\fi \def\@tempb{nobibstyle}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \let\bibstyle=\@gobble\fi \def\@tempb{bibstyle}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \let\bibstyle=\@citestyle\fi \def\@tempb{sort}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \def\NAT@sort{\@ne}\fi \def\@tempb{nosort}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \def\NAT@sort{\z@}\fi \def\@tempb{compress}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \def\NAT@cmprs{\@ne}\fi \def\@tempb{nocompress}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \def\NAT@cmprs{\@z}\fi \def\@tempb{sort&compress}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \def\NAT@sort{\@ne}\def\NAT@cmprs{\@ne}\fi \def\@tempb{mcite}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \let\NAT@merge\@ne\fi \def\@tempb{merge}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \@ifnum{\NAT@merge<\tw@}{\let\NAT@merge\tw@}{}\fi \def\@tempb{elide}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \@ifnum{\NAT@merge<\thr@@}{\let\NAT@merge\thr@@}{}\fi \def\@tempb{longnamesfirst}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \NAT@longnamestrue\fi \def\@tempb{nonamebreak}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \def\NAT@nmfmt#1{\mbox{\NAT@up#1}}\fi \expandafter\NAT@find@eq\@tempa=\relax\@nil \if\@tempc\relax\else \expandafter\NAT@rem@eq\@tempc \def\@tempb{open}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \xdef\NAT@open{\@tempc}\fi \def\@tempb{close}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \xdef\NAT@close{\@tempc}\fi \def\@tempb{aysep}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \xdef\NAT@aysep{\@tempc}\fi \def\@tempb{yysep}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \xdef\NAT@yrsep{\@tempc}\fi \def\@tempb{notesep}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \xdef\NAT@cmt{\@tempc}\fi \def\@tempb{citesep}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb \xdef\NAT@sep{\@tempc}\fi \fi }% \NAT@@setcites } \renewcommand\citestyle[1]{% \ifcsname bibstyle@#1\endcsname% \csname bibstyle@#1\endcsname\let\bibstyle\@gobble% \else% \@latex@error{Undefined `#1' citestyle}% \fi }% \fi \newcommand{\bibstyle@acmauthoryear}{% \setcitestyle{% authoryear,% open={[},close={]},citesep={;},% aysep={},yysep={,},% notesep={, }}} \newcommand{\bibstyle@acmnumeric}{% \setcitestyle{% numbers,sort&compress,% open={[},close={]},citesep={,},% notesep={, }}} \if@ACM@natbib \citestyle{acmnumeric} \fi \def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{% \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi \par \@tempskipa #4\relax \@afterindenttrue \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse \fi \if@nobreak \everypar{}% \else \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa \fi \@ifstar {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}% {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}} \def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{% \edef\@toclevel{\ifnum#2=\@m 0\else\number#2\fi}% \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \let\@svsec\@empty \else \refstepcounter{#1}% \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}% \fi \@tempskipa #5\relax \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ \begingroup #6{% \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}% \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}% \endgroup \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}% \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \@tochangmeasure{\csname the#1\endcsname}% \fi \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{% \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}% \fi #7}% \else \def\@svsechd{% #6{\hskip #3\relax \@svsec #8}% \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}% \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \@tochangmeasure{\csname the#1\endcsname\space}% \fi \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{% \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}% \fi #7}}% \fi \@xsect{#5}} \def\@xsect#1{% \@tempskipa #1\relax \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ \par \nobreak \vskip \@tempskipa \@afterheading \else \@nobreakfalse \global\@noskipsectrue \everypar{% \if@noskipsec \global\@noskipsecfalse {\setbox\z@\lastbox}% \clubpenalty\@M \begingroup \@svsechd \endgroup \unskip \@tempskipa #1\relax \hskip -\@tempskipa \else \clubpenalty \@clubpenalty \everypar{}% \fi}% \fi \ignorespaces} \def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\quad} \def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{% \@tempskipa #3\relax \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ \begingroup #4{% \@hangfrom{\hskip #1}% \interlinepenalty \@M #5\@@par}% \endgroup \else \def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax #5}}% \fi \@xsect{#3}} \def\@starttoc#1#2{\begingroup\makeatletter \setTrue{#1}% \par\removelastskip\vskip\z@skip \@startsection{section}\@M\z@{\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}% {.5\linespacing}{\centering\contentsnamefont}{#2}% \@input{\jobname.#1}% \if@filesw \@xp\newwrite\csname tf@#1\endcsname \immediate\@xp\openout\csname tf@#1\endcsname \jobname.#1\relax \fi \global\@nobreakfalse \endgroup \addvspace{32\p@\@plus14\p@}% } \def\l@section{\@tocline{1}{0pt}{1pc}{2pc}{}} \def\l@subsection{\@tocline{2}{0pt}{1pc}{3pc}{}} \def\l@subsubsection{\@tocline{2}{0pt}{1pc}{5pc}{}} \let\@footnotemark@nolink\@footnotemark \let\@footnotetext@nolink\@footnotetext \RequirePackage[bookmarksnumbered,unicode]{hyperref} \pdfstringdefDisableCommands{% \def\unskip{}% \def\textbullet{- }% \def\textrightarrow{ -> }% \def\footnotemark{}% } \urlstyle{rm} \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \or % acmsmall \or % acmlarge \or % acmtog \or % sigconf \or % siggraph \or % sigplan \urlstyle{sf} \or % sigchi \or % sigchi-a \urlstyle{sf} \fi \if@ACM@screen \hypersetup{colorlinks, linkcolor=ACMRed, citecolor=ACMPurple, urlcolor=ACMDarkBlue, filecolor=ACMDarkBlue} \else \hypersetup{hidelinks} \fi \RequirePackage{cleveref} \if@ACM@natbib \let\citeN\cite \let\cite\citep \let\citeANP\citeauthor \let\citeNN\citeyearpar \let\citeyearNP\citeyear \let\citeyear\citeyearpar \let\citeNP\citealt \DeclareRobustCommand\citeA {\begingroup\NAT@swafalse \let\NAT@ctype\@ne\NAT@partrue\NAT@fullfalse\NAT@open\NAT@citetp}% \providecommand\newblock{}% \else \AtBeginDocument{% \let\shortcite\cite% \providecommand\citename[1]{#1}} \fi \newcommand\shortcite[2][]{% \ifNAT@numbers\cite[#1]{#2}\else\citeyear[#1]{#2}\fi} \def\bibliographystyle#1{% \ifx\@begindocumenthook\@undefined\else \expandafter\AtBeginDocument \fi {\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibstyle{#1}}% \fi}} \RequirePackage{graphicx, xcolor} \definecolor[named]{ACMBlue}{cmyk}{1,0.1,0,0.1} \definecolor[named]{ACMYellow}{cmyk}{0,0.16,1,0} \definecolor[named]{ACMOrange}{cmyk}{0,0.42,1,0.01} \definecolor[named]{ACMRed}{cmyk}{0,0.90,0.86,0} \definecolor[named]{ACMLightBlue}{cmyk}{0.49,0.01,0,0} \definecolor[named]{ACMGreen}{cmyk}{0.20,0,1,0.19} \definecolor[named]{ACMPurple}{cmyk}{0.55,1,0,0.15} \definecolor[named]{ACMDarkBlue}{cmyk}{1,0.58,0,0.21} \if@ACM@authordraft \RequirePackage{draftwatermark} \SetWatermarkFontSize{0.5in} \SetWatermarkColor[gray]{.9} \SetWatermarkText{\parbox{12em}{\centering Unpublished working draft\\ Not for distribution}} \fi \RequirePackage{geometry} \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \geometry{letterpaper,head=13pt, marginparwidth=6pc,heightrounded}% \or % acmsmall \geometry{twoside=true, includeheadfoot, head=13pt, foot=2pc, paperwidth=6.75in, paperheight=10in, top=58pt, bottom=44pt, inner=46pt, outer=46pt, marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded }% \or % acmlarge \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt, foot=2pc, paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in, includeheadfoot, top=78pt, bottom=114pt, inner=81pt, outer=81pt, marginparwidth=4pc,heightrounded }% \or % acmtog \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt, foot=2pc, paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in, includeheadfoot, columnsep=24pt, top=52pt, bottom=75pt, inner=52pt, outer=52pt, marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded }% \or % sigconf \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt, paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in, includeheadfoot, columnsep=2pc, top=57pt, bottom=73pt, inner=54pt, outer=54pt, marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded }% \or % siggraph \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt, paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in, includeheadfoot, columnsep=2pc, top=57pt, bottom=73pt, inner=54pt, outer=54pt, marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded }% \or % sigplan \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt, paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in, includeheadfoot=false, columnsep=2pc, top=1in, bottom=1in, inner=0.75in, outer=0.75in, marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded }% \or % sigchi \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt, paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in, includeheadfoot, columnsep=2pc, top=66pt, bottom=73pt, inner=54pt, outer=54pt, marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded }% \or % sigchi-a \geometry{twoside=false, head=13pt, paperwidth=11in, paperheight=8.5in, includeheadfoot, marginparsep=72pt, marginparwidth=170pt, columnsep=20pt, top=72pt, bottom=72pt, left=314pt, right=72pt }% \@mparswitchfalse \reversemarginpar \fi \setlength\parindent{10\p@} \setlength\parskip{\z@} \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \or % acmsmall \or % acmlarge \or % acmtog \setlength\parindent{9\p@}% \or % sigconf \or % siggraph \or % sigplan \or % sigchi \or % sigchi-a \fi \setlength\normalparindent{\parindent} \def\copyrightpermissionfootnoterule{\kern-3\p@ \hrule \@width \columnwidth \kern 2.6\p@} \RequirePackage{manyfoot} \SelectFootnoteRule[2]{copyrightpermission} \DeclareNewFootnote{copyrightpermission} \def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@ \hrule \@width 4pc \kern 2.6\p@} \def\endminipage{% \par \unskip \ifvoid\@mpfootins\else \vskip\skip\@mpfootins \normalcolor \unvbox\@mpfootins \fi \@minipagefalse %% added 24 May 89 \color@endgroup \egroup \expandafter\@iiiparbox\@mpargs{\unvbox\@tempboxa}} \def\@makefntext{\noindent\@makefnmark} \if@ACM@sigchiamode \long\def\@footnotetext#1{\marginpar{% \reset@font\small \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty \protected@edef\@currentlabel{% \csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark }% \color@begingroup \@makefntext{% \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox}% \color@endgroup}}% \fi \long\def\@mpfootnotetext#1{% \global\setbox\@mpfootins\vbox{% \unvbox\@mpfootins \reset@font\footnotesize \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore \protected@edef\@currentlabel {\csname p@mpfootnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}% \color@begingroup\centering \@makefntext{% \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox}% \color@endgroup}} \def\@makefnmark{\hbox{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}} \def\@textbottom{\vskip \z@ \@plus 1pt} \let\@texttop\relax \RequirePackage{iftex} \ifPDFTeX \input{glyphtounicode} \pdfglyphtounicode{f_f}{FB00} \pdfglyphtounicode{f_f_i}{FB03} \pdfglyphtounicode{f_f_l}{FB04} \pdfglyphtounicode{f_i}{FB01} \pdfglyphtounicode{t_t}{00740074} \pdfglyphtounicode{f_t}{00660074} \pdfglyphtounicode{T_h}{00540068} \pdfgentounicode=1 \fi \RequirePackage{cmap} \newif\if@ACM@newfonts \@ACM@newfontstrue \IfFileExists{libertine.sty}{}{\ClassWarning{\@classname}{You do not have libertine package installed. 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Publication rights licensed to Association for Computing Machinery. \fi} \def\@formatdoi#1{\url{https://doi.org/#1}} \def\@copyrightpermission{% \ifcase\acm@copyrightmode\relax % none \or % acmcopyright Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and\hspace{.5pt}/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. \or % acmlicensed Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and\hspace{.5pt}/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. \or % rightsretained Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. 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Reprints must include clear attribution to ACM and the author's government agency affiliation. Permission to make digital or hard copies for personal or classroom use is granted. Copies must bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. To copy otherwise, distribute, republish, or post, requires prior specific permission and\hspace{.5pt}/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. \or % licensedusgovmixed Publication rights licensed to ACM\@. ACM acknowledges that this contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor or affiliate of the United States government. As such, the Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government purposes only. \or % licensedcagov This article was authored by employees of the Government of Canada. As such, the Canadian government retains all interest in the copyright to this work and grants to ACM a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, provided that clear attribution is given both to the authors and the Canadian government agency employing them. Permission to make digital or hard copies for personal or classroom use is granted. Copies must bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the Canadian Government must be honored. To copy otherwise, distribute, republish, or post, requires prior specific permission and\hspace{.5pt}/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. \or % licensedcagovmixed Publication rights licensed to ACM\@. ACM acknowledges that this contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor or affiliate of the national government of Canada. As such, the Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government purposes only. \or % othergov ACM acknowledges that this contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor or affiliate of a national government. As such, the Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government purposes only. \or % licensedothergov Publication rights licensed to ACM\@. ACM acknowledges that this contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor or affiliate of a national government. As such, the Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government purposes only. \fi} \def\copyrightyear#1{\def\@copyrightyear{#1}} \copyrightyear{\@acmYear} \def\@teaserfigures{} \newenvironment{teaserfigure}{\Collect@Body\@saveteaser}{} \long\def\@saveteaser#1{\g@addto@macro\@teaserfigures{\@teaser{#1}}} \renewcommand{\thanks}[1]{% \@ifnotempty{#1}{% \if@ACM@anonymous \g@addto@macro\thankses{\thanks{A note}}% \else \g@addto@macro\thankses{\thanks{#1}}% \fi}} \newbox\mktitle@bx \def\maketitle{% \if@ACM@anonymous % Anonymize omission of \author-s \ifnum\num@authorgroups=0\author{}\fi \fi \begingroup \let\@footnotemark\@footnotemark@nolink \let\@footnotetext\@footnotetext@nolink \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}% \global\@topnum\z@ % this prevents floats from falling % at the top of page 1 \global\@botnum\z@ % we do not want them to be on bottom either \hsize=\textwidth \def\@makefnmark{\hbox{\@textsuperscript{\@thefnmark}}}% \@mktitle\if@ACM@sigchiamode\else\@mkauthors\fi\@mkteasers \@printtopmatter \if@ACM@sigchiamode\@mkauthors\fi \setcounter{footnote}{0}% \def\@makefnmark{\hbox{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}% \@titlenotes \@subtitlenotes \@authornotes \let\@makefnmark\relax \let\@thefnmark\relax \let\@makefntext\noindent \ifx\@empty\thankses\else \footnotetextcopyrightpermission{% \def\par{\let\par\@par}\parindent\z@\@setthanks}% \fi \footnotetextcopyrightpermission{% \if@ACM@authordraft \raisebox{-2ex}[\z@][\z@]{\makebox[0pt][l]{\large\bfseries Unpublished working draft. Not for distribution}}% \color[gray]{0.9}% \fi \parindent\z@\parskip0.1\baselineskip \if@ACM@authorversion\else \if@printpermission\@copyrightpermission\par\fi \fi \if@ACM@manuscript\else \if@ACM@journal\else % Print the conference information {\itshape \acmConference@shortname, \acmConference@date, \acmConference@venue}\par \fi \fi \if@printcopyright \copyright\ \@copyrightyear\ \@copyrightowner\\ \else \@copyrightyear.\ \fi \if@ACM@manuscript Manuscript submitted to ACM\\ \else \if@ACM@authorversion This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive Version of Record was published in \if@ACM@journal \emph{\@journalName}% \else \emph{Proceedings of \acmConference@name, \acmConference@date}% \fi \ifx\@acmDOI\@empty . \else , \@formatdoi{\@acmDOI}. \fi\\ \else \if@ACM@journal \@permissionCodeOne/\@acmYear/\@acmMonth-ART\@acmArticle \ifx\@acmPrice\@empty\else\ \$\@acmPrice\fi\\ \@formatdoi{\@acmDOI}% \else % Conference ACM~ISBN~\@acmISBN \ifx\@acmPrice\@empty.\else\dots\$\@acmPrice\fi\\ \@formatdoi{\@acmDOI}% \fi \fi \fi} \endgroup \setcounter{footnote}{0}% \@mkabstract \if@ACM@printccs \ifx\@concepts\@empty\else\bgroup {\@specialsection{CCS Concepts}% \@concepts\par}\egroup \fi \fi \ifx\@keywords\@empty\else\bgroup {\if@ACM@journal \@specialsection{Additional Key Words and Phrases}% \else \@specialsection{Keywords}% \fi \@keywords}\par\egroup \fi \andify\authors \andify\shortauthors \global\let\authors=\authors \global\let\shortauthors=\shortauthors \if@ACM@printacmref \@mkbibcitation \fi \hypersetup{pdfauthor={\authors}, pdftitle={\@title}, pdfsubject={\@concepts}, pdfkeywords={\@keywords}}% \@printendtopmatter \@afterindentfalse \@afterheading } \def\@specialsection#1{% \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \par\medskip\small\noindent#1: % \or % acmsmall \par\medskip\small\noindent#1: % \or % acmlarge \par\medskip\small\noindent#1: % \or % acmtog \par\medskip\small\noindent#1: % \or % sigconf \section{#1}% \or % siggraph \section{#1}% \or % sigplan \paragraph{#1}% \or % sigchi \section{#1}% \or % sigchi-a \section{#1}% \fi} \def\@printtopmatter{% \ifx\@startPage\@empty \gdef\@startPage{1}% \else \setcounter{page}{\@startPage}% \fi \thispagestyle{firstpagestyle}% \noindent \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \box\mktitle@bx\par \noindent\hrulefill\par \or % acmsmall \box\mktitle@bx\par \noindent\hrulefill\par \or % acmlarge \box\mktitle@bx\par \noindent\hrulefill\par \or % acmtog \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]% \or % sigconf \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]% \or % siggraph \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]% \or % sigplan \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]% \or % sigchi \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]% \or % sigchi-a \par\box\mktitle@bx\par\bigskip \if@ACM@badge \marginpar{\noindent \ifx\@acmBadgeL@image\@empty\else \href{\@acmBadgeL@url}{% \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeL@image}}% \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip \fi \ifx\@acmBadgeR@image\@empty\else \href{\@acmBadgeR@url}{% \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeR@image}}% \fi}% \fi \fi } \def\@mktitle{% \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \@mktitle@i \or % acmsmall \@mktitle@i \or % acmlarge \@mktitle@i \or % acmtog \@mktitle@i \or % sigconf \@mktitle@iii \or % siggraph \@mktitle@iii \or % sigplan \@mktitle@iii \or % sigchi \@mktitle@iii \or % sigchi-a \@mktitle@iv \fi } \def\@titlefont{% \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \LARGE\bfseries\sffamily \or % acmsmall \LARGE\bfseries\sffamily \or % acmlarge \LARGE\bfseries\sffamily \or % acmtog \Huge\sffamily \or % sigconf \Huge\sffamily\bfseries \or % siggraph \Huge\sffamily\bfseries \or % sigplan \Huge\bfseries \or % sigchi \Huge\sffamily\bfseries \or % sigchi-a \Huge\bfseries \fi} \def\@subtitlefont{\normalsize \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \mdseries \or % acmsmall \mdseries \or % acmlarge \mdseries \or % acmtog \LARGE \or % sigconf \LARGE\mdseries \or % siggraph \LARGE\mdseries \or % sigplan \LARGE\mdseries \or % sigchi \LARGE\mdseries \or % sigchi-a \mdseries \fi} \def\@mktitle@i{\hsize=\textwidth \@ACM@title@width=\hsize \ifx\@acmBadgeL@image\@empty\else \advance\@ACM@title@width by -\@ACM@badge@width \advance\@ACM@title@width by -\@ACM@badge@skip \fi \ifx\@acmBadgeR@image\@empty\else \advance\@ACM@title@width by -\@ACM@badge@width \advance\@ACM@title@width by -\@ACM@badge@skip \fi \setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\noindent\@titlefont \ifx\@acmBadgeL@image\@empty\else \raisebox{-.5\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{\href{\@acmBadgeL@url}{% \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeL@image}}}% \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip \fi \parbox[t]{\@ACM@title@width}{\raggedright \@titlefont\noindent \@title \ifx\@subtitle\@empty\else \par\noindent{\@subtitlefont\@subtitle} \fi}% \ifx\@acmBadgeR@image\@empty\else \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip \raisebox{-.5\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{\href{\@acmBadgeR@url}{% \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeR@image}}}% \fi \par\bigskip}}% \def\@mktitle@iii{\hsize=\textwidth \setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\@titlefont\centering \@ACM@title@width=\hsize \if@ACM@badge \advance\@ACM@title@width by -2\@ACM@badge@width \advance\@ACM@title@width by -2\@ACM@badge@skip \parbox[b]{\@ACM@badge@width}{\strut \ifx\@acmBadgeL@image\@empty\else \raisebox{-.5\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{\href{\@acmBadgeL@url}{% \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeL@image}}}% \fi}% \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip \fi \parbox[t]{\@ACM@title@width}{\centering\@titlefont \@title \ifx\@subtitle\@empty\else \par\noindent{\@subtitlefont\@subtitle} \fi }% \if@ACM@badge \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip \parbox[b]{\@ACM@badge@width}{\strut \ifx\@acmBadgeR@image\@empty\else \raisebox{-.5\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{\href{\@acmBadgeR@url}{% \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeR@image}}}% \fi}% \fi \par\bigskip}}% \def\@mktitle@iv{\hsize=\textwidth \setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\raggedright\leftskip5pc\@titlefont \noindent\leavevmode\leaders\hrule height 2pt\hfill\kern0pt\par \noindent\@title \ifx\@subtitle\@empty\else \par\noindent\@subtitlefont\@subtitle \fi \par\bigskip}}% \newbox\@ACM@commabox \def\@ACM@addtoaddress#1{% \ifvmode\else \if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation\else \setbox\@ACM@commabox=\hbox{, }% \unskip\cleaders\copy\@ACM@commabox\hskip\wd\@ACM@commabox \fi\fi #1} \def\streetaddress#1{\unskip\ignorespaces} \def\postcode#1{\unskip\ignorespaces} \if@ACM@journal \def\position#1{\unskip\ignorespaces} \def\institution#1{#1\ignorespaces} \def\city#1{\unskip\ignorespaces} \def\state#1{\unskip\ignorespaces} \newcommand\department[2][0]{} \def\country#1{\if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation\else, \fi#1\ignorespaces} \else \def\position#1{\if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation#1\else#1\par\fi}% \def\institution#1{\if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation#1\else#1\par\fi}% \newcommand\department[2][0]{\if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation #2\else#2\par\fi}% \let\city\@ACM@addtoaddress \let\state\@ACM@addtoaddress \let\country\@ACM@addtoaddress \fi \def\@mkauthors{\begingroup \hsize=\textwidth \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \@mkauthors@i \or % acmsmall \@mkauthors@i \or % acmlarge \@mkauthors@i \or % acmtog \@mkauthors@i \or % sigconf \@mkauthors@iii \or % siggraph \@mkauthors@iii \or % sigplan \@mkauthors@iii \or % sigchi \@mkauthors@iii \or % sigchi-a \@mkauthors@iv \fi \endgroup } \def\@authorfont{\Large\sffamily} \def\@affiliationfont{\normalsize\normalfont} \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \or % acmsmall \def\@authorfont{\large\sffamily} \def\@affiliationfont{\small\normalfont} \or % acmlarge \or % acmtog \def\@authorfont{\LARGE\sffamily} \def\@affiliationfont{\large} \or % sigconf \def\@authorfont{\LARGE} \def\@affiliationfont{\large} \or % siggraph \def\@authorfont{\normalsize\normalfont} \def\@affiliationfont{\normalsize\normalfont} \or % sigplan \def\@authorfont{\Large\normalfont} \def\@affiliationfont{\normalsize\normalfont} \or % sigchi \def\@authorfont{\bfseries} \def\@affiliationfont{\mdseries} \or % sigchi-a \def\@authorfont{\bfseries} \def\@affiliationfont{\mdseries} \fi \def\@typeset@author@line{% \andify\@currentauthors\par\noindent \@currentauthors\def\@currentauthors{}% \ifx\@currentaffiliations\@empty\else \andify\@currentaffiliations \unskip, {\@currentaffiliations}\par \fi \def\@currentaffiliations{}} \def\@mkauthors@i{% \def\@currentauthors{}% \def\@currentaffiliations{}% \global\let\and\@typeset@author@line \def\@author##1{% \ifx\@currentauthors\@empty \gdef\@currentauthors{\@authorfont\MakeTextUppercase{##1}}% \else \g@addto@macro{\@currentauthors}{\and\MakeTextUppercase{##1}}% \fi \gdef\and{}}% \def\email##1##2{}% \def\affiliation##1##2{% \def\@tempa{##2}\ifx\@tempa\@empty\else \ifx\@currentaffiliations\@empty \gdef\@currentaffiliations{% \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}% \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}% \@affiliationfont##2}% \else \g@addto@macro{\@currentaffiliations}{\and \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}% \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}% \fi \fi \global\let\and\@typeset@author@line}% \global\setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\noindent\box\mktitle@bx\par\medskip \noindent\addresses\@typeset@author@line \par\medskip}% } \newbox\author@bx \newdimen\author@bx@wd \newskip\author@bx@sep \author@bx@sep=1pc\relax \def\@typeset@author@bx{\bgroup\hsize=\author@bx@wd\def\and{\par}% \global\setbox\author@bx=\vtop{\if@ACM@sigchiamode\else\centering\fi \@authorfont\@currentauthors\par\@affiliationfont \@currentaffiliation}\egroup \box\author@bx\hspace{\author@bx@sep}% \gdef\@currentauthors{}% \gdef\@currentaffiliation{}} \def\@mkauthors@iii{% \author@bx@wd=\textwidth\relax \advance\author@bx@wd by -\author@bx@sep\relax \ifnum\@ACM@authorsperrow>0\relax \divide\author@bx@wd by \@ACM@authorsperrow\relax \else \ifcase\num@authorgroups \relax % 0? \or % 1=one author per row \or % 2=two authors per row \divide\author@bx@wd by \num@authorgroups\relax \or % 3=three authors per row \divide\author@bx@wd by \num@authorgroups\relax \or % 4=two authors per row (!) \divide\author@bx@wd by 2\relax \else % three authors per row \divide\author@bx@wd by 3\relax \fi \fi \advance\author@bx@wd by -\author@bx@sep\relax \gdef\@currentauthors{}% \gdef\@currentaffiliation{}% \def\@author##1{\ifx\@currentauthors\@empty \gdef\@currentauthors{\par##1}% \else \g@addto@macro\@currentauthors{\par##1}% \fi \gdef\and{}}% \def\email##1##2{\ifx\@currentaffiliation\@empty \gdef\@currentaffiliation{\nolinkurl{##2}}% \else \g@addto@macro\@currentaffiliation{\par\nolinkurl{##2}}% \fi}% \def\affiliation##1##2{\ifx\@currentaffiliation\@empty \gdef\@currentaffiliation{% \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}% \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}% \else \g@addto@macro\@currentaffiliation{\par \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}% \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}% \fi \global\let\and\@typeset@author@bx }% \hsize=\textwidth \global\setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\noindent \box\mktitle@bx\par\medskip\leavevmode \lineskip=1pc\relax\centering\hspace{-1em}% \addresses\let\and\@typeset@author@bx\and\par\bigskip}} \def\@mkauthors@iv{% \author@bx@wd=\columnwidth\relax \advance\author@bx@wd by -\author@bx@sep\relax \ifnum\@ACM@authorsperrow>0\relax \divide\author@bx@wd by \@ACM@authorsperrow\relax \else \ifcase\num@authorgroups \relax % 0? \or % 1=one author per row \else % 2=two authors per row \divide\author@bx@wd by 2\relax \fi \fi \advance\author@bx@wd by -\author@bx@sep\relax \gdef\@currentauthors{}% \gdef\@currentaffiliation{}% \def\@author##1{\ifx\@currentauthors\@empty \gdef\@currentauthors{\par##1}% \else \g@addto@macro\@currentauthors{\par##1}% \fi \gdef\and{}}% \def\email##1##2{\ifx\@currentaffiliation\@empty \gdef\@currentaffiliation{\nolinkurl{##2}}% \else \g@addto@macro\@currentaffiliation{\par\nolinkurl{##2}}% \fi}% \def\affiliation##1##2{\ifx\@currentaffiliation\@empty \gdef\@currentaffiliation{% \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}% \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}% \else \g@addto@macro\@currentaffiliation{\par \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}% \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}% \fi \global\let\and\@typeset@author@bx}% \bgroup\hsize=\columnwidth \par\raggedright\leftskip=\z@ \lineskip=1pc\noindent \addresses\let\and\@typeset@author@bx\and\par\bigskip\egroup} \def\@authornotemark{\g@addto@macro\@currentauthors{\footnotemark\relax}} \def\@@authornotemark#1{\g@addto@macro\@currentauthors{\footnotemark[#1]}} \def\@mkteasers{% \ifx\@teaserfigures\@empty\else \def\@teaser##1{\par\bigskip\bgroup \captionsetup{type=figure}##1\egroup\par} \global\setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\noindent\box\mktitle@bx\par \noindent\@teaserfigures\par\medskip}% \fi} \def\@setaddresses{} \def\@mkabstract{\bgroup \ifx\@abstract\@lempty\else {\phantomsection\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Abstract}% \if@ACM@journal \small\noindent \else \section{Abstract}% \fi \ignorespaces\@abstract\par}% \fi\egroup} \def\@mkbibcitation{\bgroup \def\footnotemark{}% \def\\{\unskip{} \ignorespaces}% \def\footnote{\ClassError{\@classname}{Please do note use footnotes inside \string\title{} or \string\author{} command! Use \string\titlenote{} or \string\authornote{} instead!}}% \par\medskip\small\noindent{\bfseries ACM Reference Format:}\par\nobreak \noindent\authors. \@acmYear. \@title. \if@ACM@journal \textit{\@journalNameShort} \@acmVolume, \@acmNumber, Article~\@acmArticle\ (\@acmPubDate), \ref{TotPages}~pages. \else In \textit{Proceedings of \acmConference@name, \acmConference@venue, \acmConference@date \ifx\acmConference@name\acmConference@shortname\else \ (\acmConference@shortname)\fi ,} \ref{TotPages}~pages. \fi\par \noindent\@formatdoi{\@acmDOI} \par\egroup} \def\@printendtopmatter{\par\medskip \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \noindent\hrulefill\par\medskip \or % acmsmall \noindent\hrulefill\par\medskip \or % acmlarge \noindent\hrulefill\par\medskip \or % acmtog \par\bigskip \or % sigconf \par\bigskip \or % siggraph \par\bigskip \or % sigplan \par\bigskip \or % sigchi \par\bigskip \or % sigchi-a \fi } \def\@setthanks{\long\def\thanks##1{\par##1\@addpunct.}\thankses} \RequirePackage{fancyhdr} \if@ACM@review \newsavebox{\ACM@linecount@bx} \newlength\ACM@linecount@bxht \newcount\ACM@linecount \ACM@linecount\@ne\relax \def\ACM@mk@linecount{% \savebox{\ACM@linecount@bx}[4em][t]{\parbox[t]{4em}{% \setlength{\ACM@linecount@bxht}{-\baselineskip}% \loop{\color{red}\scriptsize\the\ACM@linecount}\\ \global\advance\ACM@linecount by \@ne \addtolength{\ACM@linecount@bxht}{\baselineskip}% \ifdim\ACM@linecount@bxht<\textheight\repeat}}} \fi \def\ACM@linecountL{% \if@ACM@review \ACM@mk@linecount \begin{picture}(0,0)% \put(-26,-22){\usebox{\ACM@linecount@bx}}% \end{picture}% \fi} \def\ACM@linecountR{% \if@ACM@review \ACM@mk@linecount \begin{picture}(0,0)% \put(20,-22){\usebox{\ACM@linecount@bx}}% \end{picture}% \fi} \if@ACM@timestamp % Subtracting 30 from \time gives us the effect of rounding-down despite % \numexpr rounding to nearest \newcounter{ACM@time@hours} \setcounter{ACM@time@hours}{\numexpr (\time - 30) / 60 \relax} \newcounter{ACM@time@minutes} \setcounter{ACM@time@minutes}{\numexpr \time - \theACM@time@hours * 60 \relax} \newcommand\ACM@timestamp{% \footnotesize% \the\year-\two@digits{\the\month}-\two@digits{\the\day}{ }% \two@digits{\theACM@time@hours}:\two@digits{\theACM@time@minutes}{ }% page~\thepage\ (pp. \@startPage-\pageref{TotPages})% \ifx\@acmSubmissionID\@empty\relax\else ~Submission~ID: \@acmSubmissionID \fi } \fi \def\@shortauthors{\if@ACM@anonymous Anon.\else\shortauthors\fi} \def\@headfootfont{% \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \sffamily \or % acmsmall \sffamily \or % acmlarge \sffamily \or % acmtog \sffamily \or % sigconf \sffamily \or % siggraph \sffamily \or % sigplan \sffamily \or % sigchi \sffamily \or % sigchi-a \sffamily \fi} \fancypagestyle{standardpagestyle}{% \fancyhf{}% \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{\z@}% \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{\z@}% \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \fancyhead[LE]{\ACM@linecountL\if@ACM@printfolios\thepage\fi}% \fancyhead[RO]{\if@ACM@printfolios\thepage\fi}% \fancyhead[RE]{\@shortauthors}% \fancyhead[LO]{\ACM@linecountL\shorttitle}% \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\footnotesize Manuscript submitted to ACM}% \or % acmsmall \fancyhead[LE]{\ACM@linecountL\@headfootfont\@acmArticle\if@ACM@printfolios:\thepage\fi}% \fancyhead[RO]{\@headfootfont\@acmArticle\if@ACM@printfolios:\thepage\fi}% \fancyhead[RE]{\@headfootfont\@shortauthors}% \fancyhead[LO]{\ACM@linecountL\@headfootfont\shorttitle}% \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\footnotesize \@journalName, Vol. \@acmVolume, No. \@acmNumber, Article \@acmArticle. Publication date: \@acmPubDate.}% \or % acmlarge \fancyhead[LE]{\ACM@linecountL\@headfootfont \@acmArticle\if@ACM@printfolios:\thepage\fi\quad\textbullet\quad\@shortauthors}% \fancyhead[LO]{\ACM@linecountL}% \fancyhead[RO]{\@headfootfont \shorttitle\quad\textbullet\quad\@acmArticle\if@ACM@printfolios:\thepage\fi}% \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\footnotesize \@journalName, Vol. \@acmVolume, No. \@acmNumber, Article \@acmArticle. Publication date: \@acmPubDate.}% \or % acmtog \fancyhead[LE]{\ACM@linecountL\@headfootfont \@acmArticle\if@ACM@printfolios:\thepage\fi\quad\textbullet\quad\@shortauthors}% \fancyhead[LO]{\ACM@linecountL}% \fancyhead[RE]{\ACM@linecountR}% \fancyhead[RO]{\@headfootfont \shorttitle\quad\textbullet\quad\@acmArticle\if@ACM@printfolios:\thepage\fi\ACM@linecountR}% \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\footnotesize \@journalName, Vol. \@acmVolume, No. \@acmNumber, Article \@acmArticle. Publication date: \@acmPubDate.}% \else % Proceedings \fancyfoot[C]{\if@ACM@printfolios\footnotesize\thepage\fi}% \fancyhead[LO]{\ACM@linecountL\@headfootfont\shorttitle}% \fancyhead[RE]{\@headfootfont\@shortauthors\ACM@linecountR}% \fancyhead[LE]{\ACM@linecountL\@headfootfont\acmConference@shortname, \acmConference@date, \acmConference@venue}% \fancyhead[RO]{\@headfootfont\acmConference@shortname, \acmConference@date, \acmConference@venue\ACM@linecountR}% \fi \if@ACM@sigchiamode \fancyheadoffset[L]{\dimexpr(\marginparsep+\marginparwidth)}% \fi \if@ACM@timestamp \fancyfoot[LO,RE]{\ACM@timestamp} \fi } \pagestyle{standardpagestyle} \newdimen\@folio@wd \@folio@wd=\z@ \newdimen\@folio@ht \@folio@ht=\z@ \newdimen\@folio@voffset \@folio@voffset=\z@ \def\@folio@max{1} \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \or % acmsmall \@folio@wd=45.75pt\relax \@folio@ht=1.25in\relax \@folio@voffset=.2in\relax \def\@folio@max{8} \or % acmlarge \@folio@wd=43.25pt\relax \@folio@ht=79pt\relax \@folio@voffset=.55in\relax \def\@folio@max{10} \fi \def\@folioblob{\@tempcnta=\@acmArticleSeq\relax \loop \ifnum\@tempcnta>\@folio@max\relax \advance\@tempcnta by - \@folio@max \repeat \advance\@tempcnta by -1\relax \@tempdima=\@folio@ht\relax \multiply\@tempdima by \the\@tempcnta\relax \advance\@tempdima by -\@folio@voffset\relax \begin{picture}(0,0) \makebox[\z@]{\raisebox{-\@tempdima}{% \rlap{% \raisebox{-0.45\@folio@ht}[\z@][\z@]{% \rule{\@folio@wd}{\@folio@ht}}}% \parbox{\@folio@wd}{% \centering \textcolor{white}{\LARGE\bfseries\sffamily\@acmArticle}}}} \end{picture}} \fancypagestyle{firstpagestyle}{% \fancyhf{}% \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{\z@}% \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{\z@}% \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \fancyhead[L]{\ACM@linecountL}% \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\if@ACM@printfolios\small\thepage\fi}% \fancyfoot[RE,LO]{\footnotesize Manuscript submitted to ACM}% \or % acmsmall \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\footnotesize \@journalName, Vol. \@acmVolume, No. \@acmNumber, Article \@acmArticle. Publication date: \@acmPubDate.}% \fancyhead[LE]{\ACM@linecountL\@folioblob}% \fancyhead[LO]{\ACM@linecountL}% \fancyhead[RO]{\@folioblob}% \fancyheadoffset[RO,LE]{0.6\@folio@wd}% \or % acmlarge \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\footnotesize \@journalName, Vol. \@acmVolume, No. \@acmNumber, Article \@acmArticle. Publication date: \@acmPubDate.}% \fancyhead[RO]{\@folioblob}% \fancyhead[LE]{\ACM@linecountL\@folioblob}% \fancyhead[LO]{\ACM@linecountL}% \fancyheadoffset[RO,LE]{1.4\@folio@wd}% \or % acmtog \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\footnotesize \@journalName, Vol. \@acmVolume, No. \@acmNumber, Article \@acmArticle. Publication date: \@acmPubDate.}% \fancyhead[L]{\ACM@linecountL}% \fancyhead[R]{\ACM@linecountR}% \else % Conference proceedings \fancyhead[L]{\ACM@linecountL}% \fancyhead[R]{\ACM@linecountR}% \fancyfoot[C]{\if@ACM@printfolios\footnotesize\thepage\fi}% \fi \if@ACM@timestamp \ifnum\ACM@format@nr=0\relax % Manuscript \fancyfoot[LO,RE]{\ACM@timestamp\quad \footnotesize Manuscript submitted to ACM} \else \fancyfoot[LO,RE]{\ACM@timestamp} \fi \fi } \renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}% {-.75\baselineskip \@plus -2\p@ \@minus -.2\p@}% {.25\baselineskip}% {\@secfont}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% {-.75\baselineskip \@plus -2\p@ \@minus -.2\p@}% {.25\baselineskip}% {\@subsecfont}} \renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{10pt}% {-.5\baselineskip \@plus -2\p@ \@minus -.2\p@}% {-3.5\p@}% {\@subsubsecfont\@adddotafter}} \renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\parindent}% {-.5\baselineskip \@plus -2\p@ \@minus -.2\p@}% {-3.5\p@}% {\@parfont\@adddotafter}} \renewcommand\part{\@startsection{part}{9}{\z@}% {-10\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -2\p@}% {4\p@}% {\@parfont}} \def\section@raggedright{\@rightskip\@flushglue \rightskip\@rightskip \leftskip\z@skip \parindent\z@} \def\@secfont{\sffamily\bfseries\section@raggedright\MakeTextUppercase} \def\@subsecfont{\sffamily\bfseries\section@raggedright} \def\@subsubsecfont{\sffamily\itshape} \def\@parfont{\itshape} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \or % acmsmall \or % acmlarge \def\@secfont{\sffamily\large\section@raggedright\MakeTextUppercase} \def\@subsecfont{\sffamily\large\section@raggedright} \or % acmtog \def\@secfont{\sffamily\large\section@raggedright\MakeTextUppercase} \def\@subsecfont{\sffamily\large\section@raggedright} \or % sigconf \def\@secfont{\bfseries\Large\section@raggedright\MakeTextUppercase} \def\@subsecfont{\bfseries\Large\section@raggedright} \or % siggraph \def\@secfont{\bfseries\sffamily\Large\section@raggedright\MakeTextUppercase} \def\@subsecfont{\bfseries\sffamily\Large\section@raggedright} \or % sigplan \def\@secfont{\bfseries\Large\section@raggedright} \def\@subsecfont{\bfseries\section@raggedright} \renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% {-.75\baselineskip \@plus -2\p@ \@minus -.2\p@}% {.25\baselineskip}% {\@subsubsecfont}} \def\@subsubsecfont{\bfseries\section@raggedright} \renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}% {-.5\baselineskip \@plus -2\p@ \@minus -.2\p@}% {-3.5\p@}% {\@parfont\@addspaceafter}} \def\@parfont{\bfseries\itshape} \renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\z@}% {-.5\baselineskip \@plus -2\p@ \@minus -.2\p@}% {-3.5\p@}% {\@subparfont\@addspaceafter}} \def\@subparfont{\itshape} \or % sigchi \setcounter{secnumdepth}{1} \def\@secfont{\bfseries\sffamily\section@raggedright\MakeTextUppercase} \def\@subsecfont{\bfseries\sffamily\section@raggedright} \or % sigchi-a \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0} \def\@secfont{\bfseries\sffamily\section@raggedright\MakeTextUppercase} \def\@subsecfont{\bfseries\sffamily\section@raggedright} \fi \def\@adddotafter#1{#1\@addpunct{.}} \def\@addspaceafter#1{#1\@addpunct{\enspace}} \providecommand\@dotsep{4.5} \def\@acmplainbodyfont{\itshape} \def\@acmplainindent{\parindent} \def\@acmplainheadfont{\scshape} \def\@acmplainnotefont{\@empty} \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \or % acmsmall \or % acmlarge \or % acmtog \or % sigconf \or % siggraph \or % sigplan \def\@acmplainbodyfont{\itshape} \def\@acmplainindent{\z@} \def\@acmplainheadfont{\bfseries} \def\@acmplainnotefont{\normalfont} \or % sigchi \or % sigchi-a \fi \newtheoremstyle{acmplain}% {.5\baselineskip\@plus.2\baselineskip \@minus.2\baselineskip}% space above {.5\baselineskip\@plus.2\baselineskip \@minus.2\baselineskip}% space below {\@acmplainbodyfont}% body font {\@acmplainindent}% indent amount {\@acmplainheadfont}% head font {.}% punctuation after head {.5em}% spacing after head {\thmname{#1}\thmnumber{ #2}\thmnote{ {\@acmplainnotefont(#3)}}}% head spec \def\@acmdefinitionbodyfont{\normalfont} \def\@acmdefinitionindent{\parindent} \def\@acmdefinitionheadfont{\itshape} \def\@acmdefinitionnotefont{\@empty} \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \or % acmsmall \or % acmlarge \or % acmtog \or % sigconf \or % siggraph \or % sigplan \def\@acmdefinitionbodyfont{\normalfont} \def\@acmdefinitionindent{\z@} \def\@acmdefinitionheadfont{\bfseries} \def\@acmdefinitionnotefont{\normalfont} \or % sigchi \or % sigchi-a \fi \newtheoremstyle{acmdefinition}% {.5\baselineskip\@plus.2\baselineskip \@minus.2\baselineskip}% space above {.5\baselineskip\@plus.2\baselineskip \@minus.2\baselineskip}% space below {\@acmdefinitionbodyfont}% body font {\@acmdefinitionindent}% indent amount {\@acmdefinitionheadfont}% head font {.}% punctuation after head {.5em}% spacing after head {\thmname{#1}\thmnumber{ #2}\thmnote{ {\@acmdefinitionnotefont(#3)}}}% head spec \theoremstyle{acmplain} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{conjecture}[theorem]{Conjecture} \newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition} \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} \newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary} \theoremstyle{acmdefinition} \newtheorem{example}[theorem]{Example} \newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition} \theoremstyle{acmplain} \def\@proofnamefont{\scshape} \def\@proofindent{\indent} \ifcase\ACM@format@nr \relax % manuscript \or % acmsmall \or % acmlarge \or % acmtog \or % sigconf \or % siggraph \or % sigplan \def\@proofnamefont{\itshape} \def\@proofindent{\noindent} \or % sigchi \or % sigchi-a \fi \renewenvironment{proof}[1][\proofname]{\par \pushQED{\qed}% \normalfont \topsep6\p@\@plus6\p@\relax \trivlist \item[\@proofindent\hskip\labelsep {\@proofnamefont #1\@addpunct{.}}]\ignorespaces }{% \popQED\endtrivlist\@endpefalse } \specialcomment{acks}{% \begingroup \section*{Acknowledgments} \phantomsection\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Acknowledgments} }{% \endgroup } \def\grantsponsor#1#2#3{#2} \newcommand\grantnum[3][]{#3% \def\@tempa{#1}\ifx\@tempa\@empty\else\space(\url{#1})\fi} \if@ACM@screen \includecomment{screenonly} \excludecomment{printonly} \else \excludecomment{screenonly} \includecomment{printonly} \fi \if@ACM@anonymous \excludecomment{anonsuppress} \excludecomment{acks} \else \includecomment{anonsuppress} \fi \newcommand\showeprint[2][arxiv]{% \def\@tempa{#1}% \ifx\@tempa\@empty\def\@tempa{arxiv}\fi \def\@tempb{arxiv}% \ifx\@tempa\@tempb arXiv:\href{http://arxiv.org/abs/#2}{#2}\else arXiv:#2% \fi} \normalsize\normalfont\frenchspacing \endinput %% %% End of file `acmart.cls'.

Ignore Space Show notes View

Koli_2017/acmart.cls 0 → 100644

%%
%% This is file `acmart.cls',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% acmart.dtx  (with options: `class')
%% 
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%% 
%% For the copyright see the source file.
%% 
%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed
%% with new filenames distinct from acmart.cls.
%% 
%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
%% for copying and modification in the file acmart.dtx.
%% 
%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the
%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the
%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be
%% in the same archive or directory.)
%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    $     Right paren   $
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{acmart}
[2017/07/09 v1.43 Typesetting articles for Association of
Computing Machinery]
\def\@classname{acmart}
\InputIfFileExists{acmart-preload-hook.tex}{%
  \ClassWarning{\@classname}{%
    I am loading acmart-preload-hook.tex. You are fully responsible
    for any problems from now on.}}{}
\RequirePackage{xkeyval}
\RequirePackage{xstring}
\define@choicekey*+{acmart.cls}{format}[\ACM@format\ACM@format@nr]{%
  manuscript, acmsmall, acmlarge, acmtog, sigconf, siggraph,
  sigplan, sigchi, sigchi-a}[manuscript]{}{%
  \ClassError{\@classname}{The option format must be manuscript,
    acmsmall, acmlarge, acmtog, sigconf, siggraph,
    sigplan, sigchi or sigchi-a}}
\def\@DeclareACMFormat#1{\DeclareOptionX{#1}{\setkeys{acmart.cls}{format=#1}}}
\@DeclareACMFormat{manuscript}
\@DeclareACMFormat{acmsmall}
\@DeclareACMFormat{acmlarge}
\@DeclareACMFormat{acmtog}
\@DeclareACMFormat{sigconf}
\@DeclareACMFormat{siggraph}
\@DeclareACMFormat{sigplan}
\@DeclareACMFormat{sigchi}
\@DeclareACMFormat{sigchi-a}
\ExecuteOptionsX{format}
\define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{screen}[true]{%
  \if@ACM@screen
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using screen mode}%
  \else
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using screen mode}%
  \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option screen can be either true or
    false}}
\ExecuteOptionsX{screen=false}
\define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{review}[true]{%
  \if@ACM@review
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using review mode}%
  \else
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using review mode}%
  \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option review can be either true or
    false}}
\ExecuteOptionsX{review=false}
\define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{authorversion}[true]{%
  \if@ACM@authorversion
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using authorversion mode}%
  \else
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using authorversion mode}%
  \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option authorversion can be either true or
    false}}
\ExecuteOptionsX{authorversion=false}
\define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{natbib}[true]{%
  \if@ACM@natbib
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Explicitly selecting natbib mode}%
  \else
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Explicitly deselecting natbib mode}%
  \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option natbib can be either true or
    false}}
\ExecuteOptionsX{natbib=true}
\define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{anonymous}[true]{%
  \if@ACM@anonymous
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using anonymous mode}%
  \else
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using anonymous mode}%
  \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option anonymous can be either true or
    false}}
\ExecuteOptionsX{anonymous=false}
\define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{timestamp}[true]{%
  \if@ACM@timestamp
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using timestamp mode}%
  \else
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using timestamp mode}%
  \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option timestamp can be either true or
    false}}
\ExecuteOptionsX{timestamp=false}
\define@boolkey+{acmart.cls}[@ACM@]{authordraft}[true]{%
  \if@ACM@authordraft
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Using authordraft mode}%
    \@ACM@timestamptrue
    \@ACM@reviewtrue
  \else
    \PackageInfo{\@classname}{Not using authordraft mode}%
  \fi}{\PackageError{\@classname}{Option authordraft can be either true or
    false}}
\ExecuteOptionsX{authordraft=false}
\def\ACM@fontsize{}
\DeclareOptionX{9pt}{\edef\ACM@fontsize{\CurrentOption}}
\DeclareOptionX{10pt}{\edef\ACM@fontsize{\CurrentOption}}
\DeclareOptionX{11pt}{\edef\ACM@fontsize{\CurrentOption}}
\DeclareOptionX{12pt}{\edef\ACM@fontsize{\CurrentOption}}
\DeclareOptionX{draft}{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{amsart}}
\DeclareOptionX{*}{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{amsart}}
\ProcessOptionsX
\ClassInfo{\@classname}{Using format \ACM@format, number \ACM@format@nr}
\newif\if@ACM@manuscript
\newif\if@ACM@journal
\newif\if@ACM@sigchiamode
\ifnum\ACM@format@nr=5\relax % siggraph
  \ClassWarning{\@classname}{The format `siggraph' is now obsolete.
    I am switching to sigconf.}
  \setkeys{acmart.cls}{format=sigconf}
\fi
\ifnum\ACM@format@nr=0\relax
  \@ACM@manuscripttrue
\else
  \@ACM@manuscriptfalse
\fi
\@ACM@sigchiamodefalse
\ifcase\ACM@format@nr
\relax % manuscript
  \@ACM@journaltrue
\or % acmsmall
  \@ACM@journaltrue
\or % acmlarge
  \@ACM@journaltrue
\or % acmtog
  \@ACM@journaltrue
\or % sigconf
  \@ACM@journalfalse
\or % siggraph
  \@ACM@journalfalse
 \or % sigplan
  \@ACM@journalfalse
 \or % sigchi
  \@ACM@journalfalse
\or % sigchi-a
  \@ACM@journalfalse
  \@ACM@sigchiamodetrue
\fi
\ifx\ACM@fontsize\@empty
  \ifcase\ACM@format@nr
  \relax % manuscript
    \def\ACM@fontsize{9pt}%
  \or % acmsmall
    \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}%
  \or % acmlarge
    \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}%
  \or % acmtog
    \def\ACM@fontsize{9pt}%
  \or % sigconf
    \def\ACM@fontsize{9pt}%
  \or % siggraph
    \def\ACM@fontsize{9pt}%
   \or % sigplan
    \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}%
   \or % sigchi
    \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}%
  \or % sigchi-a
    \def\ACM@fontsize{10pt}%
  \fi
\fi
\ClassInfo{\@classname}{Using fontsize \ACM@fontsize}
\LoadClass[\ACM@fontsize, reqno]{amsart}
\RequirePackage{microtype}
\RequirePackage{totpages}
\RequirePackage{environ}
\if@ACM@manuscript
\RequirePackage{setspace}
\onehalfspacing
\fi
\RequirePackage{textcase}
\if@ACM@natbib
  \RequirePackage{natbib}
  \renewcommand{\bibsection}{%
     \section*{\refname}%
     \phantomsection\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}%
  }
  \renewcommand{\bibfont}{\bibliofont}
  \renewcommand\setcitestyle[1]{
  \@for\@tempa:=#1\do
  {\def\@tempb{round}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \renewcommand\NAT@open{(}\renewcommand\NAT@close{)}\fi
   \def\@tempb{square}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \renewcommand\NAT@open{[}\renewcommand\NAT@close{]}\fi
   \def\@tempb{angle}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \renewcommand\NAT@open{$<$}\renewcommand\NAT@close{$>$}\fi
   \def\@tempb{curly}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \renewcommand\NAT@open{\{}\renewcommand\NAT@close{\}}\fi
   \def\@tempb{semicolon}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \renewcommand\NAT@sep{;}\fi
   \def\@tempb{colon}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \renewcommand\NAT@sep{;}\fi
   \def\@tempb{comma}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \renewcommand\NAT@sep{,}\fi
   \def\@tempb{authoryear}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \NAT@numbersfalse\fi
   \def\@tempb{numbers}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \NAT@numberstrue\NAT@superfalse\fi
   \def\@tempb{super}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \NAT@numberstrue\NAT@supertrue\fi
   \def\@tempb{nobibstyle}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \let\bibstyle=\@gobble\fi
   \def\@tempb{bibstyle}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \let\bibstyle=\@citestyle\fi
   \def\@tempb{sort}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \def\NAT@sort{\@ne}\fi
   \def\@tempb{nosort}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \def\NAT@sort{\z@}\fi
   \def\@tempb{compress}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \def\NAT@cmprs{\@ne}\fi
   \def\@tempb{nocompress}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \def\NAT@cmprs{\@z}\fi
   \def\@tempb{sort&compress}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \def\NAT@sort{\@ne}\def\NAT@cmprs{\@ne}\fi
   \def\@tempb{mcite}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \let\NAT@merge\@ne\fi
   \def\@tempb{merge}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \@ifnum{\NAT@merge<\tw@}{\let\NAT@merge\tw@}{}\fi
   \def\@tempb{elide}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \@ifnum{\NAT@merge<\thr@@}{\let\NAT@merge\thr@@}{}\fi
   \def\@tempb{longnamesfirst}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \NAT@longnamestrue\fi
   \def\@tempb{nonamebreak}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
     \def\NAT@nmfmt#1{\mbox{\NAT@up#1}}\fi
   \expandafter\NAT@find@eq\@tempa=\relax\@nil
   \if\@tempc\relax\else
     \expandafter\NAT@rem@eq\@tempc
     \def\@tempb{open}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
      \xdef\NAT@open{\@tempc}\fi
     \def\@tempb{close}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
      \xdef\NAT@close{\@tempc}\fi
     \def\@tempb{aysep}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
      \xdef\NAT@aysep{\@tempc}\fi
     \def\@tempb{yysep}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
      \xdef\NAT@yrsep{\@tempc}\fi
     \def\@tempb{notesep}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
      \xdef\NAT@cmt{\@tempc}\fi
     \def\@tempb{citesep}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
      \xdef\NAT@sep{\@tempc}\fi
   \fi
  }%
  \NAT@@setcites
  }
  \renewcommand\citestyle[1]{%
    \ifcsname bibstyle@#1\endcsname%
    \csname bibstyle@#1\endcsname\let\bibstyle\@gobble%
    \else%
    \@latex@error{Undefined `#1' citestyle}%
    \fi
  }%
\fi
\newcommand{\bibstyle@acmauthoryear}{%
  \setcitestyle{%
    authoryear,%
    open={[},close={]},citesep={;},%
    aysep={},yysep={,},%
    notesep={, }}}
\newcommand{\bibstyle@acmnumeric}{%
  \setcitestyle{%
    numbers,sort&compress,%
    open={[},close={]},citesep={,},%
    notesep={, }}}
\if@ACM@natbib
\citestyle{acmnumeric}
\fi
\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
  \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
  \par
  \@tempskipa #4\relax
  \@afterindenttrue
  \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@
    \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse
  \fi
  \if@nobreak
    \everypar{}%
  \else
    \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa
  \fi
  \@ifstar
    {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}%
    {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}}
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
  \edef\@toclevel{\ifnum#2=\@m 0\else\number#2\fi}%
  \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
    \let\@svsec\@empty
  \else
    \refstepcounter{#1}%
    \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
  \fi
  \@tempskipa #5\relax
  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
    \begingroup
      #6{%
        \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
          \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
    \endgroup
    \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
    \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
        \@tochangmeasure{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
    \fi
    \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
      \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
        \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
      \fi
      #7}%
  \else
    \def\@svsechd{%
      #6{\hskip #3\relax
      \@svsec #8}%
      \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
      \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
        \@tochangmeasure{\csname the#1\endcsname\space}%
      \fi
      \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
        \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
          \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
        \fi
        #7}}%
  \fi
  \@xsect{#5}}
\def\@xsect#1{%
  \@tempskipa #1\relax
  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
    \par \nobreak
    \vskip \@tempskipa
    \@afterheading
  \else
    \@nobreakfalse
    \global\@noskipsectrue
    \everypar{%
      \if@noskipsec
        \global\@noskipsecfalse
       {\setbox\z@\lastbox}%
        \clubpenalty\@M
        \begingroup \@svsechd \endgroup
        \unskip
        \@tempskipa #1\relax
        \hskip -\@tempskipa
      \else
        \clubpenalty \@clubpenalty
        \everypar{}%
      \fi}%
  \fi
  \ignorespaces}
\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\quad}
\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
  \@tempskipa #3\relax
  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
    \begingroup
      #4{%
        \@hangfrom{\hskip #1}%
          \interlinepenalty \@M #5\@@par}%
    \endgroup
  \else
    \def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax #5}}%
  \fi
  \@xsect{#3}}
\def\@starttoc#1#2{\begingroup\makeatletter
  \setTrue{#1}%
  \par\removelastskip\vskip\z@skip
  \@startsection{section}\@M\z@{\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}%
    {.5\linespacing}{\centering\contentsnamefont}{#2}%
  \@input{\jobname.#1}%
  \if@filesw
    \@xp\newwrite\csname tf@#1\endcsname
    \immediate\@xp\openout\csname tf@#1\endcsname \jobname.#1\relax
  \fi
  \global\@nobreakfalse \endgroup
  \addvspace{32\p@\@plus14\p@}%
}
\def\l@section{\@tocline{1}{0pt}{1pc}{2pc}{}}
\def\l@subsection{\@tocline{2}{0pt}{1pc}{3pc}{}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@tocline{2}{0pt}{1pc}{5pc}{}}
\let\@footnotemark@nolink\@footnotemark
\let\@footnotetext@nolink\@footnotetext
\RequirePackage[bookmarksnumbered,unicode]{hyperref}
\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{%
  \def\unskip{}%
  \def\textbullet{- }%
  \def\textrightarrow{ -> }%
  \def\footnotemark{}%
}
\urlstyle{rm}
\ifcase\ACM@format@nr
\relax % manuscript
\or % acmsmall
\or % acmlarge
\or % acmtog
\or % sigconf
\or % siggraph
\or % sigplan
  \urlstyle{sf}
\or % sigchi
\or % sigchi-a
  \urlstyle{sf}
\fi
\if@ACM@screen
  \hypersetup{colorlinks,
    linkcolor=ACMRed,
    citecolor=ACMPurple,
    urlcolor=ACMDarkBlue,
    filecolor=ACMDarkBlue}
\else
  \hypersetup{hidelinks}
\fi
\RequirePackage{cleveref}
\if@ACM@natbib
  \let\citeN\cite
  \let\cite\citep
  \let\citeANP\citeauthor
  \let\citeNN\citeyearpar
  \let\citeyearNP\citeyear
  \let\citeyear\citeyearpar
  \let\citeNP\citealt
  \DeclareRobustCommand\citeA
     {\begingroup\NAT@swafalse
       \let\NAT@ctype\@ne\NAT@partrue\NAT@fullfalse\NAT@open\NAT@citetp}%
  \providecommand\newblock{}%
\else
  \AtBeginDocument{%
    \let\shortcite\cite%
    \providecommand\citename[1]{#1}}
\fi
\newcommand\shortcite[2][]{%
  \ifNAT@numbers\cite[#1]{#2}\else\citeyear[#1]{#2}\fi}
\def\bibliographystyle#1{%
  \ifx\@begindocumenthook\@undefined\else
    \expandafter\AtBeginDocument
  \fi
    {\if@filesw
       \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibstyle{#1}}%
     \fi}}
\RequirePackage{graphicx, xcolor}
\definecolor[named]{ACMBlue}{cmyk}{1,0.1,0,0.1}
\definecolor[named]{ACMYellow}{cmyk}{0,0.16,1,0}
\definecolor[named]{ACMOrange}{cmyk}{0,0.42,1,0.01}
\definecolor[named]{ACMRed}{cmyk}{0,0.90,0.86,0}
\definecolor[named]{ACMLightBlue}{cmyk}{0.49,0.01,0,0}
\definecolor[named]{ACMGreen}{cmyk}{0.20,0,1,0.19}
\definecolor[named]{ACMPurple}{cmyk}{0.55,1,0,0.15}
\definecolor[named]{ACMDarkBlue}{cmyk}{1,0.58,0,0.21}
\if@ACM@authordraft
  \RequirePackage{draftwatermark}
  \SetWatermarkFontSize{0.5in}
  \SetWatermarkColor[gray]{.9}
  \SetWatermarkText{\parbox{12em}{\centering
      Unpublished working draft\\
      Not for distribution}}
\fi
\RequirePackage{geometry}
\ifcase\ACM@format@nr
\relax % manuscript
   \geometry{letterpaper,head=13pt,
   marginparwidth=6pc,heightrounded}%
\or % acmsmall
   \geometry{twoside=true,
     includeheadfoot, head=13pt, foot=2pc,
     paperwidth=6.75in, paperheight=10in,
     top=58pt, bottom=44pt, inner=46pt, outer=46pt,
     marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded
   }%
\or % acmlarge
   \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt, foot=2pc,
     paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in,
     includeheadfoot,
     top=78pt, bottom=114pt, inner=81pt, outer=81pt,
     marginparwidth=4pc,heightrounded
     }%
\or % acmtog
   \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt, foot=2pc,
     paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in,
     includeheadfoot, columnsep=24pt,
     top=52pt, bottom=75pt, inner=52pt, outer=52pt,
     marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded
     }%
\or % sigconf
   \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt,
     paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in,
     includeheadfoot, columnsep=2pc,
     top=57pt, bottom=73pt, inner=54pt, outer=54pt,
     marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded
     }%
\or % siggraph
   \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt,
     paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in,
     includeheadfoot, columnsep=2pc,
     top=57pt, bottom=73pt, inner=54pt, outer=54pt,
     marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded
     }%
\or % sigplan
   \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt,
     paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in,
     includeheadfoot=false, columnsep=2pc,
     top=1in, bottom=1in, inner=0.75in, outer=0.75in,
     marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded
     }%
\or % sigchi
   \geometry{twoside=true, head=13pt,
     paperwidth=8.5in, paperheight=11in,
     includeheadfoot, columnsep=2pc,
     top=66pt, bottom=73pt, inner=54pt, outer=54pt,
     marginparwidth=2pc,heightrounded
     }%
\or % sigchi-a
   \geometry{twoside=false, head=13pt,
     paperwidth=11in, paperheight=8.5in,
     includeheadfoot, marginparsep=72pt,
     marginparwidth=170pt, columnsep=20pt,
     top=72pt, bottom=72pt, left=314pt, right=72pt
     }%
     \@mparswitchfalse
     \reversemarginpar
\fi
\setlength\parindent{10\p@}
\setlength\parskip{\z@}
\ifcase\ACM@format@nr
\relax % manuscript
\or % acmsmall
\or % acmlarge
\or % acmtog
  \setlength\parindent{9\p@}%
\or % sigconf
\or % siggraph
\or % sigplan
\or % sigchi
\or % sigchi-a
\fi
\setlength\normalparindent{\parindent}
\def\copyrightpermissionfootnoterule{\kern-3\p@
  \hrule \@width \columnwidth \kern 2.6\p@}
\RequirePackage{manyfoot}
\SelectFootnoteRule[2]{copyrightpermission}
\DeclareNewFootnote{copyrightpermission}
\def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@
  \hrule \@width 4pc \kern 2.6\p@}
\def\endminipage{%
    \par
    \unskip
    \ifvoid\@mpfootins\else
      \vskip\skip\@mpfootins
      \normalcolor
      \unvbox\@mpfootins
    \fi
    \@minipagefalse   %% added 24 May 89
  \color@endgroup
  \egroup
  \expandafter\@iiiparbox\@mpargs{\unvbox\@tempboxa}}
\def\@makefntext{\noindent\@makefnmark}
\if@ACM@sigchiamode
\long\def\@footnotetext#1{\marginpar{%
    \reset@font\small
    \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel{%
       \csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark
    }%
    \color@begingroup
      \@makefntext{%
        \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
    \color@endgroup}}%
\fi
\long\def\@mpfootnotetext#1{%
  \global\setbox\@mpfootins\vbox{%
    \unvbox\@mpfootins
    \reset@font\footnotesize
    \hsize\columnwidth
    \@parboxrestore
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel
         {\csname p@mpfootnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}%
    \color@begingroup\centering
      \@makefntext{%
        \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
    \color@endgroup}}
\def\@makefnmark{\hbox{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}
\def\@textbottom{\vskip \z@ \@plus 1pt}
\let\@texttop\relax
\RequirePackage{iftex}
\ifPDFTeX
\input{glyphtounicode}
\pdfglyphtounicode{f_f}{FB00}
\pdfglyphtounicode{f_f_i}{FB03}
\pdfglyphtounicode{f_f_l}{FB04}
\pdfglyphtounicode{f_i}{FB01}
\pdfglyphtounicode{t_t}{00740074}
\pdfglyphtounicode{f_t}{00660074}
\pdfglyphtounicode{T_h}{00540068}
\pdfgentounicode=1
\fi
\RequirePackage{cmap}
\newif\if@ACM@newfonts
\@ACM@newfontstrue
\IfFileExists{libertine.sty}{}{\ClassWarning{\@classname}{You do not
    have libertine package installed.  Please upgrade your
    TeX}\@ACM@newfontsfalse}
\IfFileExists{zi4.sty}{}{\ClassWarning{\@classname}{You do not
    have zi4 package installed.  Please upgrade your TeX}\@ACM@newfontsfalse}
\IfFileExists{newtxmath.sty}{}{\ClassWarning{\@classname}{You do not
    have newtxmath package installed.  Please upgrade your
    TeX}\@ACM@newfontsfalse}
\if@ACM@newfonts
\RequirePackage[tt=false, type1=true]{libertine}
\RequirePackage[varqu]{zi4}
\RequirePackage[libertine]{newtxmath}
\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
\fi
\if@ACM@sigchiamode
  \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\fi
\RequirePackage{caption, float}
\captionsetup[table]{position=top}
\if@ACM@journal
  \captionsetup{labelfont={sf, small},
    textfont={sf, small},  margin=\z@}
  \captionsetup[figure]{name={Fig.}}
\else
  \captionsetup{labelfont={bf},
    textfont={bf}, labelsep=colon, margin=\z@}
  \ifcase\ACM@format@nr
  \relax % manuscript
  \or % acmsmall
  \or % acmlarge
  \or % acmtog
  \or % sigconf
  \or % siggraph
    \captionsetup{textfont={it}}
  \or % sigplan
    \captionsetup{labelfont={bf},
      textfont={normalfont}, labelsep=period, margin=\z@}
  \or % sigchi
    \captionsetup[figure]{labelfont={bf, small},
      textfont={bf, small}}
  \or % sigchi-a
    \captionsetup[figure]{labelfont={bf, small},
      textfont={bf, small}}
  \fi
\fi
\newfloat{sidebar}{}{sbar}
\floatname{sidebar}{Sidebar}
\renewenvironment{sidebar}{\Collect@Body\@sidebar}{}
\long\def\@sidebar#1{\bgroup\captionsetup{type=sidebar}%
  \marginpar{\small#1}\egroup}
\newenvironment{marginfigure}{\Collect@Body\@marginfigure}{}
\long\def\@marginfigure#1{\bgroup\captionsetup{type=figure}%
  \marginpar{\centering\small#1}\egroup}
\newenvironment{margintable}{\Collect@Body\@margintable}{}
\long\def\@margintable#1{\bgroup\captionsetup{type=table}%
  \marginpar{\centering\small#1}\egroup}
\newdimen\fulltextwidth
\fulltextwidth=\dimexpr(\textwidth+\marginparwidth+\marginparsep)
\if@ACM@sigchiamode
\def\@dblfloat{\bgroup\columnwidth=\fulltextwidth
  \let\@endfloatbox\@endwidefloatbox
  \def\@fpsadddefault{\def\@fps{tp}}%
  \@float}
\fi
\if@ACM@sigchiamode
\def\end@dblfloat{%
    \end@float\egroup}
\fi
\def\@endwidefloatbox{%
  \par\vskip\z@skip
  \@minipagefalse
  \outer@nobreak
  \egroup
  \color@endbox
  \global\setbox\@currbox=\vbox{\moveleft
    \dimexpr(\fulltextwidth-\textwidth)\box\@currbox}%
  \wd\@currbox=\textwidth
}
\ifcase\ACM@format@nr
\relax % manuscript
\or % acmsmall
\or % acmlarge
\or % acmtog
\or % sigconf
\or % siggraph
\or % sigplan
\def\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
\def\labelenumii{\theenumii.}
\def\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
\def\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
\or % sigchi
\or % sigchi-a
\fi
\newdimen\@ACM@labelwidth
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \setlength\labelsep{4pt}
  \setlength{\@ACM@labelwidth}{6.5pt}

%% First-level list: when beginning after the first line of an
  %% indented paragraph or ending before an indented paragraph, labels
  %% should not hang to the left of the preceding/following text.
  \setlength\leftmargini{\z@}
  \addtolength\leftmargini{\parindent}
  \addtolength\leftmargini{2\labelsep}
  \addtolength\leftmargini{\@ACM@labelwidth}

%% Second-level and higher lists.
  \setlength\leftmarginii{\z@}
  \addtolength\leftmarginii{0.5\labelsep}
  \addtolength\leftmarginii{\@ACM@labelwidth}
  \setlength\leftmarginiii{\leftmarginii}
  \setlength\leftmarginiv{\leftmarginiii}
  \setlength\leftmarginv{\leftmarginiv}
  \setlength\leftmarginvi{\leftmarginv}
  \@listi}
\newskip\listisep
\listisep\smallskipamount
\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
  \labelwidth\leftmargini \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
  \listparindent\z@
  \topsep\listisep}
\let\@listi\@listI
\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
  \labelwidth\leftmarginii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
  \topsep\z@skip}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
  \labelwidth\leftmarginiii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
  \labelwidth\leftmarginiv \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
  \labelwidth\leftmarginv \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
  \labelwidth\leftmarginvi \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\renewcommand{\descriptionlabel}[1]{\upshape\bfseries #1}
\renewenvironment{description}{\list{}{%
    \labelwidth\@ACM@labelwidth
    \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}%
}{
  \endlist
}
\let\enddescription=\endlist % for efficiency
\define@choicekey*+{ACM}{acmJournal}[\@journalCode\@journalCode@nr]{%
  CIE,%
  CSUR,%
  IMWUT,%
  JACM,%
  JDIQ,%
  JEA,%
  JERIC,%
  JETC,%
  JOCCH,%
  PACMHCI,%
  PACMPL,%
  POMACS,%
  TAAS,%
  TACCESS,%
  TACO,%
  TALG,%
  TALLIP,%
  TAP,%
  TCPS,%
  TEAC,%
  TECS,%
  TIIS,%
  TISSEC,%
  TIST,%
  TKDD,%
  TMIS,%
  TOCE,%
  TOCHI,%
  TOCL,%
  TOCS,%
  TOCT,%
  TODAES,%
  TODS,%
  TOG,%
  TOIS,%
  TOIT,%
  TOMACS,%
  TOMM,%
  TOMPECS,%
  TOMS,%
  TOPC,%
  TOPS,%
  TOPLAS,%
  TOS,%
  TOSEM,%
  TOSN,%
  TRETS,%
  TSAS,%
  TSC,%
  TSLP,%
  TWEB%
}{%
\ifcase\@journalCode@nr
\relax % CIE
  \def\@journalName{ACM Computers in Entertainment}%
  \def\@journalNameShort{ACM Comput. Entertain.}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{1544-3574}%
\or % CSUR
  \def\@journalName{ACM Computing Surveys}%
  \def\@journalNameShort{ACM Comput. Surv.}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{0360-0300}%
\or % IMWUT
  \def\@journalName{Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile,
    Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies}%
  \def\@journalNameShort{Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{2474-9567}%
\or % JACM
  \def\@journalName{Journal of the ACM}%
  \def\@journalNameShort{J. ACM}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{0004-5411}%
\or % JDIQ
  \def\@journalName{ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality}%
  \def\@journalNameShort{ACM J. Data Inform. Quality}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{1936-1955}%
\or % JEA
  \def\@journalName{ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics}%
  \def\@journalNameShort{ACM J. Exp. Algor.}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{1084-6654}%
\or % JERIC
  \def\@journalName{ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing}%
  \def\@journalNameShort{ACM J. Edu. Resources in Comput.}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{1073-0516}%
\or % JETC
  \def\@journalName{ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems}%
  \def\@journalNameShort{ACM J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{1550-4832}%
\or % JOCCH
  \def\@journalName{ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage}%
  \def\@journalName{ACM J. Comput. Cult. Herit.}%
\or % PACMHCI
  \def\@journalName{Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction}%
  \def\@journalName{Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{2573-0142}%
\or % PACMPL
  \def\@journalName{Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages}%
  \def\@journalName{Proc. ACM Program. Lang.}%
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{2475-1421}%
\or % POMACS
  \def\@journalName{Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems}%
  \def\@journalName{Proc. ACM Meas. Anal. Comput. Syst.}%
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  Copyright held by the owner/author(s).
  \or % usgov
  \or % usgovmixed
  Association for Computing Machinery.
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  Crown in Right of Canada.
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  Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to
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  Crown in Right of Canada. Publication rights licensed to
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  \or %licensedcagovmixed
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   Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this
   work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided
   that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial
   advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on
   the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by
   others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is
   permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to
   redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission
   and\hspace*{.5pt}/or  a fee. Request permissions from
   permissions@acm.org.
  \or % acmlicensed
   Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this
   work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided
   that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial
   advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on
   the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by
   others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit
   is permitted.  To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers
   or to  redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission
   and\hspace*{.5pt}/or  a fee. Request permissions from
   permissions@acm.org.
  \or % rightsretained
   Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work
   for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that
   copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage
   and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first
   page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be
   honored. For all other uses, contact the
   owner\hspace*{.5pt}/author(s).
  \or % usgov
   This paper is authored by an employee(s) of the United States
   Government and is in the public domain. Non-exclusive copying or
   redistribution is allowed, provided that the article citation is
   given and the authors and agency are clearly identified as its
   source.
  \or % usgovmixed
   ACM acknowledges that this contribution was authored or co-authored
   by an employee, contractor, or affiliate of the United States government. As such,
   the United States government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to
   publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for
   government purposes only.
  \or % cagov
   This article was authored by employees of the Government of Canada.
   As such, the Canadian government retains all interest in the
   copyright to this work and grants to ACM a nonexclusive,
   royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow
   others to do so, provided that clear attribution is given both to
   the authors and the Canadian government agency employing them.
   Permission to make digital or hard copies for personal or classroom
   use is granted. Copies must bear this notice and the full citation
   on the first page.  Copyrights for components of this work owned by
   others than the Canadian Government must be honored. To copy
   otherwise, distribute, republish, or post, requires prior specific
   permission and\hspace*{.5pt}/or a fee. Request permissions from
   permissions@acm.org.
  \or % cagovmixed
   ACM acknowledges that this contribution was co-authored by an
   affiliate of the national government of Canada. As such, the Crown
   in Right of Canada retains an equal interest in the copyright.
   Reprints must include clear attribution to ACM and the author's
   government agency affiliation.  Permission to make digital or hard
   copies for personal or classroom use is granted.  Copies must bear
   this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for
   components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored.
   To copy otherwise, distribute, republish, or post, requires prior
   specific permission and\hspace*{.5pt}/or a fee. Request permissions
   from permissions@acm.org.
  \or % licensedusgovmixed
   Publication rights licensed to ACM\@. ACM acknowledges that this
   contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor
   or affiliate of the United States government. As such, the
   Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or
   reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government
   purposes only.
  \or % licensedcagov
   This article was authored by employees of the Government of Canada.
   As such, the Canadian government retains all interest in the
   copyright to this work and grants to ACM a nonexclusive,
   royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow
   others to do so, provided that clear attribution is given both to
   the authors and the Canadian government agency employing them.
   Permission to make digital or hard copies for personal or classroom
   use is granted. Copies must bear this notice and the full citation
   on the first page.  Copyrights for components of this work owned by
   others than the Canadian Government must be honored. To copy
   otherwise, distribute, republish, or post, requires prior specific
   permission and\hspace*{.5pt}/or a fee. Request permissions from
   permissions@acm.org.
  \or % licensedcagovmixed
   Publication rights licensed to ACM\@. ACM acknowledges that this
   contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor
   or affiliate of the national government of Canada. As such, the
   Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or
   reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government
   purposes only.
  \or % othergov
   ACM acknowledges that this contribution was authored or co-authored
   by an employee, contractor or affiliate of a national government. As
   such, the Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to
   publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for
   Government purposes only.
  \or % licensedothergov
   Publication rights licensed to ACM\@. ACM acknowledges that this
   contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor
   or affiliate of a national government. As such, the Government
   retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or reproduce
   this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government purposes
   only.
  \fi}
\def\copyrightyear#1{\def\@copyrightyear{#1}}
\copyrightyear{\@acmYear}
\def\@teaserfigures{}
\newenvironment{teaserfigure}{\Collect@Body\@saveteaser}{}
\long\def\@saveteaser#1{\g@addto@macro\@teaserfigures{\@teaser{#1}}}
\renewcommand{\thanks}[1]{%
  \@ifnotempty{#1}{%
    \if@ACM@anonymous
      \g@addto@macro\thankses{\thanks{A note}}%
   \else
    \g@addto@macro\thankses{\thanks{#1}}%
   \fi}}
\newbox\mktitle@bx
\def\maketitle{%
  \if@ACM@anonymous
    % Anonymize omission of \author-s
    \ifnum\num@authorgroups=0\author{}\fi
  \fi
  \begingroup
  \let\@footnotemark\@footnotemark@nolink
  \let\@footnotetext\@footnotetext@nolink
  \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
  \global\@topnum\z@ % this prevents floats from falling
                     % at the top of page 1
  \global\@botnum\z@ % we do not want them to be on bottom either
  \hsize=\textwidth
  \def\@makefnmark{\hbox{\@textsuperscript{\@thefnmark}}}%
  \@mktitle\if@ACM@sigchiamode\else\@mkauthors\fi\@mkteasers
  \@printtopmatter
  \if@ACM@sigchiamode\@mkauthors\fi
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \def\@makefnmark{\hbox{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}%
  \@titlenotes
  \@subtitlenotes
  \@authornotes
  \let\@makefnmark\relax  \let\@thefnmark\relax
  \let\@makefntext\noindent
  \ifx\@empty\thankses\else
    \footnotetextcopyrightpermission{%
      \def\par{\let\par\@par}\parindent\z@\@setthanks}%
  \fi
  \footnotetextcopyrightpermission{%
    \if@ACM@authordraft
        \raisebox{-2ex}[\z@][\z@]{\makebox[0pt][l]{\large\bfseries
            Unpublished
            working draft. Not for distribution}}%
       \color[gray]{0.9}%
    \fi
    \parindent\z@\parskip0.1\baselineskip
    \if@ACM@authorversion\else
      \if@printpermission\@copyrightpermission\par\fi
    \fi
    \if@ACM@manuscript\else
       \if@ACM@journal\else % Print the conference information
         {\itshape \acmConference@shortname, \acmConference@date, \acmConference@venue}\par
       \fi
    \fi
    \if@printcopyright
      \copyright\ \@copyrightyear\ \@copyrightowner\\
    \else
     \@copyrightyear.\
    \fi
    \if@ACM@manuscript
      Manuscript submitted to ACM\\
    \else
      \if@ACM@authorversion
          This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for
          your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive Version
          of Record was published in
          \if@ACM@journal
            \emph{\@journalName}%
          \else
            \emph{Proceedings of \acmConference@name, \acmConference@date}%
          \fi
          \ifx\@acmDOI\@empty
          .
          \else
            , \@formatdoi{\@acmDOI}.
          \fi\\
        \else
          \if@ACM@journal
            \@permissionCodeOne/\@acmYear/\@acmMonth-ART\@acmArticle
            \ifx\@acmPrice\@empty\else\ \$\@acmPrice\fi\\
            \@formatdoi{\@acmDOI}%
          \else % Conference
             ACM~ISBN~\@acmISBN
             \ifx\@acmPrice\@empty.\else\dots\$\@acmPrice\fi\\
             \@formatdoi{\@acmDOI}%
          \fi
        \fi
      \fi}
  \endgroup
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \@mkabstract
  \if@ACM@printccs
    \ifx\@concepts\@empty\else\bgroup
      {\@specialsection{CCS Concepts}%
         \@concepts\par}\egroup
     \fi
   \fi
   \ifx\@keywords\@empty\else\bgroup
      {\if@ACM@journal
         \@specialsection{Additional Key Words and Phrases}%
       \else
         \@specialsection{Keywords}%
       \fi
         \@keywords}\par\egroup
   \fi
  \andify\authors
  \andify\shortauthors
  \global\let\authors=\authors
  \global\let\shortauthors=\shortauthors
  \if@ACM@printacmref
     \@mkbibcitation
  \fi
  \hypersetup{pdfauthor={\authors},
    pdftitle={\@title},
    pdfsubject={\@concepts},
    pdfkeywords={\@keywords}}%
  \@printendtopmatter
  \@afterindentfalse
  \@afterheading
}
\def\@specialsection#1{%
  \ifcase\ACM@format@nr
  \relax % manuscript
    \par\medskip\small\noindent#1: %
  \or % acmsmall
    \par\medskip\small\noindent#1: %
  \or % acmlarge
    \par\medskip\small\noindent#1: %
  \or % acmtog
    \par\medskip\small\noindent#1: %
  \or % sigconf
    \section*{#1}%
  \or % siggraph
    \section*{#1}%
  \or % sigplan
    \paragraph*{#1}%
  \or % sigchi
    \section*{#1}%
  \or % sigchi-a
    \section*{#1}%
  \fi}
\def\@printtopmatter{%
  \ifx\@startPage\@empty
     \gdef\@startPage{1}%
  \else
     \setcounter{page}{\@startPage}%
  \fi
  \thispagestyle{firstpagestyle}%
  \noindent
  \ifcase\ACM@format@nr
  \relax % manuscript
    \box\mktitle@bx\par
    \noindent\hrulefill\par
  \or % acmsmall
    \box\mktitle@bx\par
    \noindent\hrulefill\par
  \or % acmlarge
    \box\mktitle@bx\par
    \noindent\hrulefill\par
  \or % acmtog
    \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]%
  \or % sigconf
    \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]%
  \or % siggraph
    \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]%
  \or % sigplan
    \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]%
  \or % sigchi
    \twocolumn[\box\mktitle@bx]%
  \or % sigchi-a
    \par\box\mktitle@bx\par\bigskip
    \if@ACM@badge
       \marginpar{\noindent
         \ifx\@acmBadgeL@image\@empty\else
           \href{\@acmBadgeL@url}{%
             \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeL@image}}%
            \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip
          \fi
         \ifx\@acmBadgeR@image\@empty\else
           \href{\@acmBadgeR@url}{%
             \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeR@image}}%
          \fi}%
    \fi
  \fi
}
\def\@mktitle{%
  \ifcase\ACM@format@nr
  \relax % manuscript
    \@mktitle@i
  \or % acmsmall
    \@mktitle@i
  \or % acmlarge
    \@mktitle@i
  \or % acmtog
    \@mktitle@i
  \or % sigconf
    \@mktitle@iii
  \or % siggraph
    \@mktitle@iii
  \or % sigplan
    \@mktitle@iii
  \or % sigchi
    \@mktitle@iii
  \or % sigchi-a
    \@mktitle@iv
  \fi
}
\def\@titlefont{%
  \ifcase\ACM@format@nr
  \relax % manuscript
    \LARGE\bfseries\sffamily
  \or % acmsmall
    \LARGE\bfseries\sffamily
  \or % acmlarge
    \LARGE\bfseries\sffamily
  \or % acmtog
    \Huge\sffamily
  \or % sigconf
    \Huge\sffamily\bfseries
  \or % siggraph
    \Huge\sffamily\bfseries
  \or % sigplan
    \Huge\bfseries
  \or % sigchi
    \Huge\sffamily\bfseries
  \or % sigchi-a
     \Huge\bfseries
  \fi}
\def\@subtitlefont{\normalsize
  \ifcase\ACM@format@nr
  \relax % manuscript
    \mdseries
  \or % acmsmall
    \mdseries
  \or % acmlarge
    \mdseries
  \or % acmtog
     \LARGE
  \or % sigconf
     \LARGE\mdseries
  \or % siggraph
     \LARGE\mdseries
  \or % sigplan
     \LARGE\mdseries
  \or % sigchi
     \LARGE\mdseries
  \or % sigchi-a
     \mdseries
  \fi}
\def\@mktitle@i{\hsize=\textwidth
  \@ACM@title@width=\hsize
  \ifx\@acmBadgeL@image\@empty\else
    \advance\@ACM@title@width by -\@ACM@badge@width
    \advance\@ACM@title@width by -\@ACM@badge@skip
  \fi
  \ifx\@acmBadgeR@image\@empty\else
    \advance\@ACM@title@width by -\@ACM@badge@width
    \advance\@ACM@title@width by -\@ACM@badge@skip
  \fi
  \setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\noindent\@titlefont
    \ifx\@acmBadgeL@image\@empty\else
      \raisebox{-.5\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{\href{\@acmBadgeL@url}{%
          \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeL@image}}}%
      \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip
    \fi
    \parbox[t]{\@ACM@title@width}{\raggedright
      \@titlefont\noindent
      \@title
  \ifx\@subtitle\@empty\else
    \par\noindent{\@subtitlefont\@subtitle}
  \fi}%
  \ifx\@acmBadgeR@image\@empty\else
    \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip
    \raisebox{-.5\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{\href{\@acmBadgeR@url}{%
        \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeR@image}}}%
  \fi
  \par\bigskip}}%
\def\@mktitle@iii{\hsize=\textwidth
    \setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\@titlefont\centering
      \@ACM@title@width=\hsize
      \if@ACM@badge
        \advance\@ACM@title@width by -2\@ACM@badge@width
        \advance\@ACM@title@width by -2\@ACM@badge@skip
        \parbox[b]{\@ACM@badge@width}{\strut
          \ifx\@acmBadgeL@image\@empty\else
            \raisebox{-.5\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{\href{\@acmBadgeL@url}{%
                \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeL@image}}}%
          \fi}%
        \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip
      \fi
      \parbox[t]{\@ACM@title@width}{\centering\@titlefont
        \@title
        \ifx\@subtitle\@empty\else
          \par\noindent{\@subtitlefont\@subtitle}
        \fi
      }%
      \if@ACM@badge
        \hskip\@ACM@badge@skip
        \parbox[b]{\@ACM@badge@width}{\strut
          \ifx\@acmBadgeR@image\@empty\else
            \raisebox{-.5\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{\href{\@acmBadgeR@url}{%
                \includegraphics[width=\@ACM@badge@width]{\@acmBadgeR@image}}}%
          \fi}%
      \fi
      \par\bigskip}}%
\def\@mktitle@iv{\hsize=\textwidth
    \setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\raggedright\leftskip5pc\@titlefont
      \noindent\leavevmode\leaders\hrule height 2pt\hfill\kern0pt\par
      \noindent\@title
     \ifx\@subtitle\@empty\else
       \par\noindent\@subtitlefont\@subtitle
     \fi
     \par\bigskip}}%
\newbox\@ACM@commabox
\def\@ACM@addtoaddress#1{%
  \ifvmode\else
    \if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation\else
    \setbox\@ACM@commabox=\hbox{, }%
    \unskip\cleaders\copy\@ACM@commabox\hskip\wd\@ACM@commabox
  \fi\fi
  #1}
\def\streetaddress#1{\unskip\ignorespaces}
\def\postcode#1{\unskip\ignorespaces}
\if@ACM@journal
  \def\position#1{\unskip\ignorespaces}
  \def\institution#1{#1\ignorespaces}
  \def\city#1{\unskip\ignorespaces}
  \def\state#1{\unskip\ignorespaces}
  \newcommand\department[2][0]{}
  \def\country#1{\if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation\else, \fi#1\ignorespaces}
\else
  \def\position#1{\if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation#1\else#1\par\fi}%
  \def\institution#1{\if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation#1\else#1\par\fi}%
  \newcommand\department[2][0]{\if@ACM@affiliation@obeypunctuation
    #2\else#2\par\fi}%
  \let\city\@ACM@addtoaddress
  \let\state\@ACM@addtoaddress
  \let\country\@ACM@addtoaddress
\fi
\def\@mkauthors{\begingroup
  \hsize=\textwidth
  \ifcase\ACM@format@nr
  \relax % manuscript
    \@mkauthors@i
  \or % acmsmall
    \@mkauthors@i
  \or % acmlarge
    \@mkauthors@i
  \or % acmtog
    \@mkauthors@i
  \or % sigconf
    \@mkauthors@iii
  \or % siggraph
    \@mkauthors@iii
  \or % sigplan
    \@mkauthors@iii
  \or % sigchi
    \@mkauthors@iii
  \or % sigchi-a
    \@mkauthors@iv
  \fi
  \endgroup
}
\def\@authorfont{\Large\sffamily}
\def\@affiliationfont{\normalsize\normalfont}
\ifcase\ACM@format@nr
\relax % manuscript
\or % acmsmall
  \def\@authorfont{\large\sffamily}
  \def\@affiliationfont{\small\normalfont}
\or % acmlarge
\or % acmtog
  \def\@authorfont{\LARGE\sffamily}
  \def\@affiliationfont{\large}
\or % sigconf
  \def\@authorfont{\LARGE}
  \def\@affiliationfont{\large}
\or % siggraph
  \def\@authorfont{\normalsize\normalfont}
  \def\@affiliationfont{\normalsize\normalfont}
\or % sigplan
  \def\@authorfont{\Large\normalfont}
  \def\@affiliationfont{\normalsize\normalfont}
\or % sigchi
  \def\@authorfont{\bfseries}
  \def\@affiliationfont{\mdseries}
\or % sigchi-a
  \def\@authorfont{\bfseries}
  \def\@affiliationfont{\mdseries}
\fi
\def\@typeset@author@line{%
  \andify\@currentauthors\par\noindent
  \@currentauthors\def\@currentauthors{}%
  \ifx\@currentaffiliations\@empty\else
    \andify\@currentaffiliations
      \unskip, {\@currentaffiliations}\par
  \fi
  \def\@currentaffiliations{}}
\def\@mkauthors@i{%
  \def\@currentauthors{}%
  \def\@currentaffiliations{}%
  \global\let\and\@typeset@author@line
  \def\@author##1{%
    \ifx\@currentauthors\@empty
      \gdef\@currentauthors{\@authorfont\MakeTextUppercase{##1}}%
    \else
       \g@addto@macro{\@currentauthors}{\and\MakeTextUppercase{##1}}%
    \fi
    \gdef\and{}}%
  \def\email##1##2{}%
  \def\affiliation##1##2{%
    \def\@tempa{##2}\ifx\@tempa\@empty\else
       \ifx\@currentaffiliations\@empty
          \gdef\@currentaffiliations{%
            \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}%
            \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}%
            \@affiliationfont##2}%
       \else
         \g@addto@macro{\@currentaffiliations}{\and
           \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}%
           \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}%
      \fi
    \fi
     \global\let\and\@typeset@author@line}%
  \global\setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\noindent\box\mktitle@bx\par\medskip
    \noindent\addresses\@typeset@author@line
   \par\medskip}%
}
\newbox\author@bx
\newdimen\author@bx@wd
\newskip\author@bx@sep
\author@bx@sep=1pc\relax
\def\@typeset@author@bx{\bgroup\hsize=\author@bx@wd\def\and{\par}%
  \global\setbox\author@bx=\vtop{\if@ACM@sigchiamode\else\centering\fi
    \@authorfont\@currentauthors\par\@affiliationfont
    \@currentaffiliation}\egroup
  \box\author@bx\hspace{\author@bx@sep}%
  \gdef\@currentauthors{}%
  \gdef\@currentaffiliation{}}
\def\@mkauthors@iii{%
  \author@bx@wd=\textwidth\relax
  \advance\author@bx@wd by -\author@bx@sep\relax
  \ifnum\@ACM@authorsperrow>0\relax
    \divide\author@bx@wd by \@ACM@authorsperrow\relax
  \else
    \ifcase\num@authorgroups
    \relax % 0?
    \or  % 1=one author per row
    \or  % 2=two authors per row
       \divide\author@bx@wd by \num@authorgroups\relax
    \or  % 3=three authors per row
       \divide\author@bx@wd by \num@authorgroups\relax
    \or  % 4=two authors per row (!)
       \divide\author@bx@wd by 2\relax
    \else % three authors per row
       \divide\author@bx@wd by 3\relax
    \fi
  \fi
  \advance\author@bx@wd by -\author@bx@sep\relax
  \gdef\@currentauthors{}%
  \gdef\@currentaffiliation{}%
  \def\@author##1{\ifx\@currentauthors\@empty
    \gdef\@currentauthors{\par##1}%
  \else
    \g@addto@macro\@currentauthors{\par##1}%
  \fi
  \gdef\and{}}%
  \def\email##1##2{\ifx\@currentaffiliation\@empty
    \gdef\@currentaffiliation{\nolinkurl{##2}}%
  \else
    \g@addto@macro\@currentaffiliation{\par\nolinkurl{##2}}%
  \fi}%
  \def\affiliation##1##2{\ifx\@currentaffiliation\@empty
    \gdef\@currentaffiliation{%
      \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}%
      \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}%
  \else
    \g@addto@macro\@currentaffiliation{\par
      \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}%
      \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}%
  \fi
  \global\let\and\@typeset@author@bx
}%
  \hsize=\textwidth
  \global\setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\noindent
    \box\mktitle@bx\par\medskip\leavevmode
    \lineskip=1pc\relax\centering\hspace*{-1em}%
    \addresses\let\and\@typeset@author@bx\and\par\bigskip}}
\def\@mkauthors@iv{%
  \author@bx@wd=\columnwidth\relax
  \advance\author@bx@wd by -\author@bx@sep\relax
  \ifnum\@ACM@authorsperrow>0\relax
    \divide\author@bx@wd by \@ACM@authorsperrow\relax
  \else
    \ifcase\num@authorgroups
    \relax % 0?
    \or  % 1=one author per row
    \else  % 2=two authors per row
       \divide\author@bx@wd by 2\relax
    \fi
  \fi
  \advance\author@bx@wd by -\author@bx@sep\relax
  \gdef\@currentauthors{}%
  \gdef\@currentaffiliation{}%
  \def\@author##1{\ifx\@currentauthors\@empty
    \gdef\@currentauthors{\par##1}%
  \else
    \g@addto@macro\@currentauthors{\par##1}%
  \fi
  \gdef\and{}}%
  \def\email##1##2{\ifx\@currentaffiliation\@empty
    \gdef\@currentaffiliation{\nolinkurl{##2}}%
  \else
    \g@addto@macro\@currentaffiliation{\par\nolinkurl{##2}}%
  \fi}%
  \def\affiliation##1##2{\ifx\@currentaffiliation\@empty
    \gdef\@currentaffiliation{%
      \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}%
           \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}%
  \else
    \g@addto@macro\@currentaffiliation{\par
      \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{obeypunctuation=false}%
      \setkeys{@ACM@affiliation@}{##1}##2}%
  \fi
  \global\let\and\@typeset@author@bx}%
    \bgroup\hsize=\columnwidth
    \par\raggedright\leftskip=\z@
    \lineskip=1pc\noindent
    \addresses\let\and\@typeset@author@bx\and\par\bigskip\egroup}
\def\@authornotemark{\g@addto@macro\@currentauthors{\footnotemark\relax}}
\def\@@authornotemark#1{\g@addto@macro\@currentauthors{\footnotemark[#1]}}
\def\@mkteasers{%
  \ifx\@teaserfigures\@empty\else
    \def\@teaser##1{\par\bigskip\bgroup
      \captionsetup{type=figure}##1\egroup\par}
    \global\setbox\mktitle@bx=\vbox{\noindent\box\mktitle@bx\par
    \noindent\@teaserfigures\par\medskip}%
  \fi}
\def\@setaddresses{}
\def\@mkabstract{\bgroup
  \ifx\@abstract\@lempty\else
  {\phantomsection\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Abstract}%
    \if@ACM@journal
       \small\noindent
    \else
      \section*{Abstract}%
    \fi
   \ignorespaces\@abstract\par}%
  \fi\egroup}
\def\@mkbibcitation{\bgroup
  \def\footnotemark{}%
  \def\\{\unskip{} \ignorespaces}%
  \def\footnote{\ClassError{\@classname}{Please do note use footnotes
      inside \string\title{} or \string\author{} command! Use
      \string\titlenote{} or \string\authornote{} instead!}}%
  \par\medskip\small\noindent{\bfseries ACM Reference Format:}\par\nobreak
  \noindent\authors. \@acmYear. \@title.
  \if@ACM@journal
     \textit{\@journalNameShort}
     \@acmVolume, \@acmNumber, Article~\@acmArticle\ (\@acmPubDate),
     \ref{TotPages}~pages.
  \else
     In \textit{Proceedings of \acmConference@name, \acmConference@venue,
       \acmConference@date
       \ifx\acmConference@name\acmConference@shortname\else
         \ (\acmConference@shortname)\fi
         ,} \ref{TotPages}~pages.
  \fi\par
  \noindent\@formatdoi{\@acmDOI}
\par\egroup}
\def\@printendtopmatter{\par\medskip
  \ifcase\ACM@format@nr
  \relax % manuscript
    \noindent\hrulefill\par\medskip
  \or % acmsmall
    \noindent\hrulefill\par\medskip
  \or % acmlarge
    \noindent\hrulefill\par\medskip
  \or % acmtog
    \par\bigskip
  \or % sigconf
    \par\bigskip
  \or % siggraph
    \par\bigskip
  \or % sigplan
    \par\bigskip
  \or % sigchi
    \par\bigskip
  \or % sigchi-a
  \fi
}
\def\@setthanks{\long\def\thanks##1{\par##1\@addpunct.}\thankses}
\RequirePackage{fancyhdr}
\if@ACM@review
  \newsavebox{\ACM@linecount@bx}
  \newlength\ACM@linecount@bxht
  \newcount\ACM@linecount
  \ACM@linecount\@ne\relax
  \def\ACM@mk@linecount{%
    \savebox{\ACM@linecount@bx}[4em][t]{\parbox[t]{4em}{%
        \setlength{\ACM@linecount@bxht}{-\baselineskip}%
        \loop{\color{red}\scriptsize\the\ACM@linecount}\\
        \global\advance\ACM@linecount by \@ne
        \addtolength{\ACM@linecount@bxht}{\baselineskip}%
        \ifdim\ACM@linecount@bxht<\textheight\repeat}}}
\fi
\def\ACM@linecountL{%
  \if@ACM@review
  \ACM@mk@linecount
  \begin{picture}(0,0)%
    \put(-26,-22){\usebox{\ACM@linecount@bx}}%
  \end{picture}%
  \fi}
\def\ACM@linecountR{%
  \if@ACM@review
  \ACM@mk@linecount
  \begin{picture}(0,0)%
    \put(20,-22){\usebox{\ACM@linecount@bx}}%
  \end{picture}%
  \fi}
\if@ACM@timestamp
  % Subtracting 30 from \time gives us the effect of rounding-down despite
  % \numexpr rounding to nearest
  \newcounter{ACM@time@hours}
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%%
%% End of file `acmart.cls'.

Ignore Space Show notes View Koli_2017/latexmkrc 0 → 100644
$bibtex = 'bibtex -min-crossrefs=2 %O %B';

Ignore Space Show notes View Koli_2017/notes.txt 0 → 100644
Numerous prior systems for automatic grading of student queries, but these are all focused on the DML side of things. • esql (Kearns et al., 2008) supports CREATE TABLE only as a pass-through to set up or modify a schema. It uses its own internal DBMS. • aSQLg (Kleiner et al., 2013) only supports SELECT. Works with any back end DBMS. Uses the DBMS as a syntax checker. • (Kenny & Pahl, 2005) queries only. • ActiveSQL (Cumming & Russell, 2005; Russell & Cumming, 2005) only supports SELECT. • SQLify (Dekeyser et al., 2007) only supports SELECT. • XData (Bhangdiya et al., 2015, Chandra et al., 2015; Chandra et al., 2016) only supports SELECT. • SQL-Tutor (Mitrovic, 1998) is an intelligent tutoring system that only only supports SELECT. • SQLator (Sadiq et al., 2004) only supports SELECT. • AsseSQL (Prior & Lister, 2004) only supports SELECT. • RDBI (Dietrich et al., 1997) supports relational algebra, domain and tuple relational calculus, and SQL (SELECT only). Uses its own internal DBMS. • “CS 121 Automation Tool” (anjoola, cs12x-automate, GitHub, last updated 2015) Automated marking system for SQL that appears be customisable for all kinds of statements? However the code to test CREATE TABLE “Simply executes the CREATE TABLE statements to make sure they have the correct syntax”. It doesn't check against any form of specification. On the pure testing side of things: • SVTe (Farré et al., 2008) tests the “correctness” of a schema, but focuses mainly on consistency of constraints. • Ambler (n.d., http://www.agiledata.org/essays/databaseTesting.html) talks purely about testing the database functionality. There appears to be very little work on automated grading of students’ schema definitions. No-one has used unit testing as a framework for doing so. What use of unit testing there is, is more focused on testing database /applications/ and effective generation of test cases: • (Binnig et al., 2013) Generating test databases (fixtures) for OLTP applications. • (Chays & Shahid, 2008) Generating test inputs for database applications based on analysing the queries used. • (Marcozzi et al, 2012) Generating test inputs for database applications using a formal language (ImperDB). No-one appears to have tried to automatically test whether an extant schema is consistent with its specification. This is almost more of a formal methods thing? These are more focused on /generating/ a conforming schema from the specification (e.g., Vatanawood & Rivepiboon, 2004; Luković et al., 2003), rather than checking that an already existing schema conforms. Also more focused on schema /transformations/ and evolution (e.g., Bench-Capon et al., 1998).

Ignore Space Show notes View

Koli_2017/notes.txt 0 → 100644

Numerous prior systems for automatic grading of student queries, but these are all focused on the DML side of things.

• esql (Kearns et al., 2008) supports CREATE TABLE only as a pass-through to set up or modify a schema. It uses its own internal DBMS.
• aSQLg (Kleiner et al., 2013) only supports SELECT. Works with any back end DBMS. Uses the DBMS as a syntax checker.
• (Kenny & Pahl, 2005) queries only.
• ActiveSQL (Cumming & Russell, 2005; Russell & Cumming, 2005) only supports SELECT.
• SQLify (Dekeyser et al., 2007) only supports SELECT.
• XData (Bhangdiya et al., 2015, Chandra et al., 2015; Chandra et al., 2016) only supports SELECT.
• SQL-Tutor (Mitrovic, 1998) is an intelligent tutoring system that only only supports SELECT.
• SQLator (Sadiq et al., 2004) only supports SELECT.
• AsseSQL (Prior & Lister, 2004) only supports SELECT.
• RDBI (Dietrich et al., 1997) supports relational algebra, domain and tuple relational calculus, and SQL (SELECT only). Uses its own internal DBMS.
• “CS 121 Automation Tool” (anjoola, cs12x-automate, GitHub, last updated 2015) Automated marking system for SQL that appears be customisable for all kinds of statements? However the code to test CREATE TABLE “Simply executes the CREATE TABLE statements to make sure they have the correct syntax”. It doesn't check against any form of specification.

On the pure testing side of things:

• SVTe (Farré et al., 2008) tests the “correctness” of a schema, but focuses mainly on consistency of constraints.
• Ambler (n.d., http://www.agiledata.org/essays/databaseTesting.html) talks purely about testing the database functionality.

There appears to be very little work on automated grading of students’ schema definitions. No-one has used unit testing as a framework for doing so. What use of unit testing there is, is more focused on testing database /applications/ and effective generation of test cases:

• (Binnig et al., 2013) Generating test databases (fixtures) for OLTP applications.
• (Chays & Shahid, 2008) Generating test inputs for database applications based on analysing the queries used.
• (Marcozzi et al, 2012) Generating test inputs for database applications using a formal language (ImperDB).

No-one appears to have tried to automatically test whether an extant schema is consistent with its specification. This is almost more of a formal methods thing? These are more focused on /generating/ a conforming schema from the specification (e.g., Vatanawood & Rivepiboon, 2004; Luković et al., 2003), rather than checking that an already existing schema conforms. Also more focused on schema /transformations/ and evolution (e.g., Bench-Capon et al., 1998).

Show line notes below