<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>UTas ePrints - 'There's only so much money hot dog sales can bring in': the intersection of green school grounds and socio-economic status</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script> <style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style> <style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style> <link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" /> <link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" /> <meta content="Dyment, J." name="eprints.creators_name" /> <meta content="janet.dyment@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" /> <meta content="article" name="eprints.type" /> <meta content="2007-09-06" name="eprints.datestamp" /> <meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" /> <meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" /> <meta content="'There's only so much money hot dog sales can bring in': the intersection of green school grounds and socio-economic status" name="eprints.title" /> <meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" /> <meta content="339999" name="eprints.subjects" /> <meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" /> <meta content="Green school grounds, socio-economic status, class, children's play spaces, environmental education" name="eprints.keywords" /> <meta content="The definitive version is available online at http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/14733285.asp" name="eprints.note" /> <meta content="In the interest of enhancing children's environments, many school grounds around the world are being 'greened' as asphalt and manicured grass are replaced with a diversity of elements and spaces, such as trees, shrubs, gardens, art, and gathering areas. Despite a growing body of research from a number of disciplines that is exploring the potential of these spaces, very little is known about how issues of socio-economic status (SES) influence school ground greening initiatives. In this paper, I explore what (if any) relationship exists between school ground greening and SES in a Canadian school board where approximately 20% of more than 500 schools have begun the greening process. A mixed methods approach was used: (1) 149 questionnaires were completed by administrators, teachers, and parents associated with 45 school ground greening initiatives; and (2) 21 follow-up interviews were conducted with administrators, teachers and parents at five greening projects across a range of SESs. Three significant, and arguably troubling, patterns emerged as a function of socio-economic status of the school community. Participants associated with schools across a range of SESs had different: (1) perceptions as to the importance/adequacy of green school grounds; (2) access to adult support; and (3) access to funding. The implications of these findings are discussed." name="eprints.abstract" /> <meta content="2005-12" name="eprints.date" /> <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" /> <meta content="Children's Geographies" name="eprints.publication" /> <meta content="3" name="eprints.volume" /> <meta content="3" name="eprints.number" /> <meta content="307-323" name="eprints.pagerange" /> <meta content="10.1080/14733280500352946" name="eprints.id_number" /> <meta content="UNSPECIFIED" name="eprints.thesis_type" /> <meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" /> <meta content="1473-3285" name="eprints.issn" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733280500352946" name="eprints.official_url" /> <meta content="Bak, N. (1995). Green doesn't always mean 'go': Possible tensions in the desirability and implementation of environmental education, Environmental Education Research, 1(3), 345-352. Bell, A.C. (2001a) Engaging spaces: On school-based habitat restoration, Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 6, 209-224. Bell, A.C. (2001b) The pedagogical potential of school grounds, in: T. Grant and G. Littlejohn (eds), Greening School Grounds: Creating Habitats for Learning, Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, pp. 9-11. Centre for Ecoliteracy (1999) The Edible Schoolyard, Berkeley, CA: Learning in the Real World. Chawla, L. (ed.) (2002) Growing up in an Urbanized World, London, UK: UNESCO/Earthscan Publications Ltd. Cheskey, E. (2001) How schoolyards influence behaviour, in: T. Grant and G. Littlejohn (eds), Greening School Grounds: Creating Habitats for Learning, Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, pp. 5-9. Coley, R.L., Kuo, F.E. and Sullivan, W.C. (1997) Where does community grow: The social context created by nature in urban public housing, Environment and Behaviour, 29(4), 468-494. Cunningham, C. and Jones, M. (1996) Play through the eyes of children: Use of cameras to study after-school use of leisure time and leisure space by pre-adolescent children, Loisir et Societe/Society and Leisure, 19(2), 341-361. Dyment, J. E. (2004) At that age, you just accept what you have . . . You never question things: A case study of student participation in school ground greening projects, Children, Youth and Environments, 14(1), 130-152 (see also http://cye.colorado.edu). Dyment J. E. (2005) Gaining ground: The power and potential of green school grounds in the Toronto District School Board. Toronto, Ontario: Evergreen. Available at http://www.evergreen.ca/en/Ig/Ig-resources.html Faber-Taylor, A., Wiley, A., Kuo, F.E. and Sullivan, W.C. (1998) Growing up in the inner city: Green spaces as places to grow, Environment and Behaviour, 30(1), 3-27. Glover, T.D. (2004) Social capital and the lived experience of community gardeners, Leisure Sciences, 26, 143-162. Hart, P. and Nolan, K. (1999) A critical analysis of research in environmental education, Studies in Science Education, 34, 1-69. Harvey, M.R. (1989) Children's experiences with vegetation, Children's Environments Quarterly, 6(1), 36-43. Herrington, S. and Studtmann, K. (1998) Landscape interventions: New directions for the design of children's outdoor play environments, Landscape and Urban Planning, 42, 191-205. Houghton, E. (2003) A breath of Fresh Air: Celebrating Nature and School Gardens, Toronto, Ontario: Sumach Press, Toronto District School Board, Learnxs Foundation. Hutchison, D. (1998) Growing up Green: Education for Ecological Renewal, New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Kuo, F.E. and Sullivan, W.C. (2001) Environment and crime in the inner city: Does vegetation reduce crime? Environment and Behaviour, 33(3), 343-367. Kuo, F.E., Bacaicoa, M. and Sullivan, W.C. (1998a) Transforming inner-city landscapes: Trees, sense of safety, and preference, Environment and Behaviour, 30(1), 28-59. Kuo, F.E., Sullivan, W.C., Coley, R.L. and Brunson, L. (1998b) Fertile ground for community: Inner city neighborhood common spaces, American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(6), 823-851. Lieberman, G.A. and Hoody, L.L. (1998) Closing the Achievement Gap: Using the Environment as an Integrated Context for Learning, Ponway, CA: Science Wizards. Malone, K. (2001) Children, youth and sustainable cities, Local Environment, 6(1), 5-12. Malone, K. and Tranter, P.J. (2003a) Children's environmental learning and the use, design and management of school grounds, Children, Youth and Environments, 13(2), Retrieved February 15, 2004 from http:// cye.colorado.edu. 322 J. E. Dyment Malone, K. and Tranter, P.J. (2003b) School grounds as sites for learning: Making the most of environmental opportunities, Environmental Education Research, 9(3), 283-303. Mannion, G. (2003) Children's participation in school grounds developments: Creating a place for education that promotes social inclusion, International Journal of Inclusive Education, 7(2), 175-192. Martil-de Castro, W. (1999) Grounding environmental education in the lives of urban students, Pathways: The Ontario Journal of Outdoor Education, 11(2), 15-17. Moore, G.T. (1986) Effects of the spatial definitions of behavior settings on children's behavior: A quasi experimental field study, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 6, 205-231. Moore, R.C. (1996) Outdoor settings for playing and learning: Designing school grounds to meet the needs of the whole child and whole curriculum, North American Montessori Teacher's Association Journal, 21(3), 97-120. Moore, R.C. and Wong, H.H. (1997) Natural Learning: The Life History of an Environmental Schoolyard, Berkeley, CA: MIG Communications. Nabhan, G.P. and Trimble, S. (1994) The Geography of Childhood: Why Children Need Wild Spaces, Boston, MA: Beacon Press. Rivkin, M. S. (1995) The great outdoors: Restoring Children's Rights to Play Outside, Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children. Ruffin, J.D. (1996) The terrain of exclusion: Reflections of an African American woman in environmental studies, Race, Poverty and the Environment, 6(2/3), 35-37. Running-Grass (1996) The four streams of multicultural environmental education, Race, Poverty and the Environment, 6(2/3), 1-2. Russell, C.L., Bell, A.C. and Fawcett, L. (2000) Navigating the waters of Canadian environmental education, in: T. Goldstein and D. Selby (eds) Weaving Connections: Educating for Peace, Social and Environmental Justice, Toronto, Ontario: Sumach Press, pp. 196-217. Shuman, D. and Ham, S.H. (1997) Model of environmental commitment, Journal of Environmental Education, 28(25-32) Simone, M.F. (2002) Back to the Basics: Student Achievement and Schoolyard Naturalization, Unpublished masters thesis, Faculty of Arts and Science, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario. Stine, S. (1997) Landscapes For learning: Creating Outdoor Environments for Children and Youth, Toronto, ON: John Wiley & Sons. Thomson, J.L. and Philo, C. (2004) Playful spaces? A social geography of children's play in Livingston, Scotland, Children's Geographies, 2(1), 111-130. Titman, W. (1994) Special Places, Special People: The Hidden Curriculum of Schoolgrounds, Surrey, UK: World Wildlife Fund, UK. Tranter, P.J. and Malone, K. (2004) Geographies of environmental learning: An exploration of children's use of school grounds, Children's Geographies. Tranter, P.J. and Pawson, E. (2001) Children's access to local environments: A case study of Christchurch, New Zealand, Local Environment, 6(1), 27-48. Trust for Public Land (1995) Healing America's Cities: How urban parks can make cities safe and healthy, Children's Environments, 12(1), 65-70. Weinstein, C.S. and Pinciotti, P. (1988) Changing a schoolyard: Intentions, design decisions, and behavioural outcomes, Environment and Behaviour, 20(3), 345-371. Wyzga, M.C. (2001) Fundraising for schoolyard projects, in: T. Grant and G. Littlejohn (eds) Greening School Grounds: Creating Habitats for Learning, Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, pp. 19-22." name="eprints.referencetext" /> <meta content="Dyment, J. (2005) 'There's only so much money hot dog sales can bring in': the intersection of green school grounds and socio-economic status. Children's Geographies, 3 (3). pp. 307-323. ISSN 1473-3285" name="eprints.citation" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1656/1/Childrens_Geographies_2005.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1656/2/Dyment-Childrens-Geographies-Revisions.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /> <meta content="'There's only so much money hot dog sales can bring in': the intersection of green school grounds and socio-economic status" name="DC.title" /> <meta content="Dyment, J." name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="339999 Other Education" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="In the interest of enhancing children's environments, many school grounds around the world are being 'greened' as asphalt and manicured grass are replaced with a diversity of elements and spaces, such as trees, shrubs, gardens, art, and gathering areas. Despite a growing body of research from a number of disciplines that is exploring the potential of these spaces, very little is known about how issues of socio-economic status (SES) influence school ground greening initiatives. In this paper, I explore what (if any) relationship exists between school ground greening and SES in a Canadian school board where approximately 20% of more than 500 schools have begun the greening process. A mixed methods approach was used: (1) 149 questionnaires were completed by administrators, teachers, and parents associated with 45 school ground greening initiatives; and (2) 21 follow-up interviews were conducted with administrators, teachers and parents at five greening projects across a range of SESs. Three significant, and arguably troubling, patterns emerged as a function of socio-economic status of the school community. Participants associated with schools across a range of SESs had different: (1) perceptions as to the importance/adequacy of green school grounds; (2) access to adult support; and (3) access to funding. The implications of these findings are discussed." name="DC.description" /> <meta content="2005-12" name="DC.date" /> <meta content="Article" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1656/1/Childrens_Geographies_2005.pdf" name="DC.identifier" /> <meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1656/2/Dyment-Childrens-Geographies-Revisions.pdf" name="DC.identifier" /> <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733280500352946" name="DC.relation" /> <meta content="Dyment, J. (2005) 'There's only so much money hot dog sales can bring in': the intersection of green school grounds and socio-economic status. 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border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr> <td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td> <td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap"> <form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline"> <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" /> <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" /> <input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" /> <input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" /> <input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" /> </form> </td> </tr></table></td></tr> <tr> <td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" --> <div align="center"> <table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left"> <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">'There's only so much money hot dog sales can bring in': the intersection of green school grounds and socio-economic status</h1> <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Dyment, J.</span> (2005) <xhtml:em>'There's only so much money hot dog sales can bring in': the intersection of green school grounds and socio-economic status.</xhtml:em> Children's Geographies, 3 (3). pp. 307-323. ISSN 1473-3285</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1656/1/Childrens_Geographies_2005.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1656/1/Childrens_Geographies_2005.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />105Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2149' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1656/2/Dyment-Childrens-Geographies-Revisions.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2149' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2149"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1656/thumbnails/2/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1656/2/Dyment-Childrens-Geographies-Revisions.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Author Version)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />111Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733280500352946">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733280500352946</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">In the interest of enhancing children's environments, many school grounds around the world are being 'greened' as asphalt and manicured grass are replaced with a diversity of elements and spaces, such as trees, shrubs, gardens, art, and gathering areas. Despite a growing body of research from a number of disciplines that is exploring the potential of these spaces, very little is known about how issues of socio-economic status (SES) influence school ground greening initiatives. In this paper, I explore what (if any) relationship exists between school ground greening and SES in a Canadian school board where approximately 20% of more than 500 schools have begun the greening process. A mixed methods approach was used: (1) 149 questionnaires were completed by administrators, teachers, and parents associated with 45 school ground greening initiatives; and (2) 21 follow-up interviews were conducted with administrators, teachers and parents at five greening projects across a range of SESs. Three significant, and arguably troubling, patterns emerged as a function of socio-economic status of the school community. Participants associated with schools across a range of SESs had different: (1) perceptions as to the importance/adequacy of green school grounds; (2) access to adult support; and (3) access to funding. The implications of these findings are discussed.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available online at http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/14733285.asp</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Green school grounds, socio-economic status, class, children's play spaces, environmental education</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/339999.html">330000 Education > 339900 Other Education > 339999 Other Education</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1656</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Mrs Anita Cubit</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">06 Sep 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1656;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=1656">item control page</a></p> </td></tr></table> </div> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" --> <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br /> © University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br /> <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td> <td width="32%"><div align="right"> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br /> </a></p> </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><p> </p></td> <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td> </tr> </table> <!-- #EndLibraryItem --> <div align="center"></div></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>