<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>UTas ePrints - The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
<style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
<link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
<link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
<meta content="Tandonnet, Christophe" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Burle, B." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Vidal, F." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Hasbroucq, T." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="ct6@postoffice.sandybay.utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-10-15 22:05:29" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
<meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
<meta content="The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="380101" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="380000" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="380100" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content="Reaction time; Foreperiod duration; Motor cortex; Event related potential; Source derivation" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/
" name="eprints.note" />
<meta content="Objective: The present study was aimed at testing whether foreperiod duration affects the activity recorded over the primary sensorimotor
cortices during the reaction time.
Methods: The foreperiod duration (500 or 2500 ms) was varied across blocks of trials during a between-hand choice reaction time task;
surface Laplacians were estimated from EEG recordings by the source derivation method.
Results: Reaction time was shorter for the 500 ms foreperiod than for the 2500 ms foreperiod. A contralateral negativity/ipsilateral
positivity pattern showed up over the primary sensorimotor cortices. The time between the contralateral negativity onset and the
electromyographic onset was shorter for the 500 ms foreperiod than for the 2500 ms foreperiod, which suggests that the foreperiod affects
the implementation of the motor command. Furthermore, the interval between the onset of the voluntary electromyographic activity and the
mechanical response was shorter for the 500 ms foreperiod than for the 2500 ms foreperiod.
Conclusions: These results indicate that time preparation affects both central and peripheral motor processes.
q 2003 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved" name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2003" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="114" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="2376-2384" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00253-0" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="1388-2457" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00253-0" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="References
Babiloni C, Carducci F, Pizzella V, Indovina I, Romani GL, Rossini PM,
Babiloni F. Bilateral neuromagnetic activation of human primary
sensorimotor cortex in preparation and execution of unilateral voluntary
finger movements. Brain Res 1999;827:234–6.
Babiloni F, Cincotti F, Carducci F, Rossini PM, Babiloni C. Spatial
enhancement of EEG data by surface Laplacian estimation: the use of
magnetic resonance imaging-based head models. Clin Neurophysiol
2001;112:724–7.
Bertelson P. The time course of preparation. Q J Exp Psychol 1967;19:
272–9.
Bertelson P, Tisseyre F. The time-course of preparation: confirmatory
results with visuals and auditory warning signals. Acta Psychol (Amst)
1969;30:145–54.
Bonnet M, Requin J, Semjen A. Human reflexology and motor preparation.
In: Miller DI, editor. Exercise and sport science reviews, 9.
Philadelphia, PA: Franklin Institute Press; 1981. p. 119–57.
C. Tandonnet et al. / Clinical Neurophysiology 114 (2003) 2376–2384 2383
Botwinick J, Thompson LW. Premotor and motor components of reaction
time. J Exp Psychol 1966;71:9–15.
Brunia CHM. Selective and aselective control of spinal motor structures
during preparation for movement. In: Kornblum S, Requin J, editors.
Preparatory states and processes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum;
1984. p. 285–302.
Brunia CHM. Waiting in readiness: gating in attention and motor
preparation. Psychophysiology 1993;30:327–39.
Brunia CHM, Scheirs JGM, Haagh SA. Changes of Achilles tendon reflex
amplitudes during a fixed foreperiod of four seconds. Psychophysiology
1982;9:63–70.
Burle B, Bonnet M, Vidal F, Possamaı¨ CA, Hasbroucq T. A transcranial
magnetic stimulation study of information processing in the motor
cortex: relationship between the silent period and the reaction time
delay. Psychophysiology 2002;39:207–17.
Coles MG. Modern mind-brain reading: psychophysiology, physiology,
and cognition. Psychophysiology 1989;26:251–69.
Eimer M. Facilitatory and inhibitory effects of masked prime stimuli on
motor activation and behavioural performance. Acta Psychol (Amst)
1999;101:293–313.
Gevins A. Dynamic functional topography of cognitive tasks. Brain Topogr
1989;2:37–56.
Gibbon J. Scalar expectancy theory and Weber’s law in animal timing.
Psychol Rev 1977;84:279–325.
Gottsdanker R. The attaining and maintaining of preparation. In: Rabbit
PMA, Dornic S, editors. Attention and performance, V. Academic
Press: London; 1975. p. 33–49.
Gratton G. The contralateral organization of visual memory: a theoretical
concept and a research tool. Psychophysiology 1998;35:638–47.
Gratton G, Coles MG, Sirevaag EJ, Eriksen CW, Donchin E. Pre- and
poststimulus activation of response channels: a psychophysiological
analysis. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1988;14:331–44.
Grosjean M, Rosenbaum DA, Elsinger C. Timing and reaction time. J Exp
Psychol Gen 2001;130:256–72.
Hasbroucq T, Akamatsu M, Mouret I, Seal J. Finger pairings in choice
reaction time tasks: does the between-hands advantage reflect response
preparation? J Mot Behav 1995;27:251–62.
Hasbroucq T, Kaneko H, Akamatsu M, Possamaı¨ CA. Preparatory
inhibition of cortico-spinal excitability: a transcranial
magnetic stimulation study in man. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1997;
5:185–92.
Hasbroucq T, Kaneko H, Akamatsu M, Possamaı¨ CA. The time-course of
preparatory spinal and cortico-spinal inhibition: an H-reflex and
transcranial magnetic stimulation study in man. Exp Brain Res 1999;
124:33–41.
Hasbroucq T, Akamatsu M, Burle B, Bonnet M, Possamaı¨ CA. Changes
in spinal excitability during choice reaction time: the H reflex as a
probe of information transmission. Psychophysiology 2000;37:
385–93.
Hjorth B. An on-line transformation of EEG scalp potentials into
orthogonal source derivations. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1975;
39:526–30.
Hodges PW, Bui BH. A comparison of computer-based methods for the
determination of onset of muscle contraction using electromyography.
Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1996;101:511–9.
Homan RW, Herman J, Purdy P. Cerebral location of international 10-20
system electrode placement. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1987;66:
376–82.
Jasper HH. The ten twenty electrode system of the international federation.
Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1958;10:371–5.
Law SK, Rohrbaugh JW, Adams CM, Eckardt MJ. Improving spatial and
temporal resolution in evoked EEG responses using surface Laplacians.
Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1993;88:309–22.
Leuthold H, Jentzsch I. Neural correlates of advance movement
preparation: a dipole source analysis approach. Brain Res Cogn Brain
Res 2001;12:207–24.
Leuthold H, Sommer W, Ulrich R. Partial advance information and
response preparation: inferences from the lateralized readiness
potential. J Exp Psychol Gen 1996;125:307–23.
MacKay DM. On-line source density computation with a minimum of
electrodes. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1983;56:696–8.
Mordkoff JT, Gianaros PJ. Detecting the onset of the lateralized readiness
potential: a comparison of available methods and procedures.
Psychophysiology 2000;37:347–60.
Mordkoff JT, Grosjean M. The lateralized readiness potential and response
kinetics in response-time tasks. Psychophysiology 2001;38:777–86.
Muller-Gethmann H, Rinkenauer G, Stahl J, Ulrich R. Preparation of
response force and movement direction: onset effects on the lateralized
readiness potential. Psychophysiology 2000;37:507–14.
Nunez PL. Electric fields of the brain. New York: Oxford University Press;
1981.
Osman A, Moore CM, Ulrich R. Bisecting RT with lateralized readiness
potentials: precue effects after LRP onset. Acta Psychol (Amst) 1995;
90:111–27.
Requin J, Brener J, Ring C. Preparation for action. In: Jennings JR, Coles
MGH, editors. Handbook of cognitive psychophysiology: central and
autonomic nervous system approaches. Chichester: Wiley; 1991. p.
357–448.
Rosenbaum DA. Human movement initiation: specification of arm,
direction, and extent. J Exp Psychol Gen 1980;109:444–74.
Sangals J, Sommer W, Leuthold H. Influences of presentation mode and
time pressure on the utilisation of advance information in response
preparation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2002;109:1–24.
Scheirs JGM, Brunia CHM. Achilles tendon reflex and surface EMG
activity during anticipation of a significant event and preparation for a
voluntary movement. J Mot Behav 1985;17:96–109.
Semlitsch HV, Anderer P, Schuster P, Presslich O. A solution for reliable
and valid reduction of ocular artifacts, applied to the P300 ERP.
Psychophysiology. 1986;23:695–703.
Steinmetz H, Fu¨ rst G, Meyer BU. Craniocerebral topography within the
international 10–20 system. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1989;72:
499–506.
Taniguchi Y, Burle B, Vidal F, Bonnet M. Deficit in motor cortical activity
for simultaneous bimanual responses. Exp Brain Res 2001;137:
259–68.
Uncini A, Treviso M, Di Muzio A, Simone P, Pullman S. Physiological
basis of voluntary activity inhibition induced by transcranial cortical
stimulation. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1993;89:211–20.
Van Boxtel GJ, Geraats LH, Van den Berg-Lenssen MM, Brunia CHM.
Detection of EMG onset in ERP research. Psychophysiology 1993;30:
405–12.
Vidal F, Grapperon J, Bonnet M, Hasbroucq T. The nature of unilateral
motor commands in between-hand choice tasks as revealed by surface
Laplacian estimation. Psychophysiology in press.
Winer BJ. Statistical principles in experimental design. London: McGraw-
Hill; 1970." name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Tandonnet, Christophe and Burle, B. and Vidal, F. and Hasbroucq, T. (2003) The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation. The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation, 114 . pp. 2376-2384. ISSN 1388-2457" name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2224/1/TheInfluenceoftime.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
<meta content="The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Tandonnet, Christophe" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Burle, B." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Vidal, F." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Hasbroucq, T." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="380101 Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="380000 Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="380100 Psychology" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="Objective: The present study was aimed at testing whether foreperiod duration affects the activity recorded over the primary sensorimotor
cortices during the reaction time.
Methods: The foreperiod duration (500 or 2500 ms) was varied across blocks of trials during a between-hand choice reaction time task;
surface Laplacians were estimated from EEG recordings by the source derivation method.
Results: Reaction time was shorter for the 500 ms foreperiod than for the 2500 ms foreperiod. A contralateral negativity/ipsilateral
positivity pattern showed up over the primary sensorimotor cortices. The time between the contralateral negativity onset and the
electromyographic onset was shorter for the 500 ms foreperiod than for the 2500 ms foreperiod, which suggests that the foreperiod affects
the implementation of the motor command. Furthermore, the interval between the onset of the voluntary electromyographic activity and the
mechanical response was shorter for the 500 ms foreperiod than for the 2500 ms foreperiod.
Conclusions: These results indicate that time preparation affects both central and peripheral motor processes.
q 2003 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved" name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2003" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2224/1/TheInfluenceoftime.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00253-0" name="DC.relation" />
<meta content="Tandonnet, Christophe and Burle, B. and Vidal, F. and Hasbroucq, T. (2003) The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation. The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation, 114 . pp. 2376-2384. ISSN 1388-2457" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2224/" name="DC.relation" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-2224.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-2224.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-2224.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-2224.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/DC/epprod-eprint-2224.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/DIDL/epprod-eprint-2224.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/EndNote/epprod-eprint-2224.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/HTML/epprod-eprint-2224.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/METS/epprod-eprint-2224.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/MODS/epprod-eprint-2224.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/RIS/epprod-eprint-2224.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/Refer/epprod-eprint-2224.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/Simple/epprod-eprint-2224text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/Text/epprod-eprint-2224.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2224/XML/epprod-eprint-2224.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
<div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>
<table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
<!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
<tr>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
<td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
<td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
<td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
<form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
<input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
<input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
<input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
</form>
</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
<div align="center">
<table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Tandonnet, Christophe</span> and <span class="person_name">Burle, B.</span> and <span class="person_name">Vidal, F.</span> and <span class="person_name">Hasbroucq, T.</span> (2003) <xhtml:em>The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation.</xhtml:em> The influence of time preparation on motor processes assessed by surface Laplacian estimation, 114 . pp. 2376-2384. ISSN 1388-2457</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2224/1/TheInfluenceoftime.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2224/1/TheInfluenceoftime.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />299Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="2793" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00253-0">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00253-0</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Objective: The present study was aimed at testing whether foreperiod duration affects the activity recorded over the primary sensorimotor
cortices during the reaction time.
Methods: The foreperiod duration (500 or 2500 ms) was varied across blocks of trials during a between-hand choice reaction time task;
surface Laplacians were estimated from EEG recordings by the source derivation method.
Results: Reaction time was shorter for the 500 ms foreperiod than for the 2500 ms foreperiod. A contralateral negativity/ipsilateral
positivity pattern showed up over the primary sensorimotor cortices. The time between the contralateral negativity onset and the
electromyographic onset was shorter for the 500 ms foreperiod than for the 2500 ms foreperiod, which suggests that the foreperiod affects
the implementation of the motor command. Furthermore, the interval between the onset of the voluntary electromyographic activity and the
mechanical response was shorter for the 500 ms foreperiod than for the 2500 ms foreperiod.
Conclusions: These results indicate that time preparation affects both central and peripheral motor processes.
q 2003 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Reaction time; Foreperiod duration; Motor cortex; Event related potential; Source derivation</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/380101.html">380000 Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences > 380100 Psychology > 380101 Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/380000.html">380000 Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/380100.html">380000 Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences > 380100 Psychology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2224</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">16 Oct 2007 09:05</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2224;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2224">item control page</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
<table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
<tr valign="top">
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
© University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
<a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td>
<td width="32%"><div align="right">
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
</a></p>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><p> </p></td>
<td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
<div align="center"></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
