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Melt-lake expansion is partly the product of greatly accelerated ablation of older, ice-cored twentieth-century moraines. The timing of these changes broadly coincides with reported increases in atmospheric and sea-surface temperatures around other sub-Antarctic islands, but correlates less well with changes along the northern Antarctic Peninsula, where warming has been more rapid. These recent changes in landscape character and geomorphological processes have implications for geodiversity, biodiversity, and cultural heritage values in this World Heritage Area. Ifthe causal climatic warming is anthropogenic, it reinforces the fact that even the most remote and littlevisited nature conservation reserves may be compromised by off-site human impacts, confronting management authorities with difficult philosophical and practical issues." name="eprints.abstract" /> <meta content="2002" name="eprints.date" /> <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" /> <meta content="Polar Record" name="eprints.publication" /> <meta content="38" name="eprints.volume" /> <meta content="297-308" name="eprints.pagerange" /> <meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" /> <meta content="0032-2474" name="eprints.issn" /> <meta content="http://journals.cambridge.org" name="eprints.official_url" /> <meta content="Alley, R.B., and RA Bindschadler. 2001. The west Antarctic ice sheet and sea-level change. In: Alley, R.B., and RA Bindschadler. The west Antarctic ice sheet: behaviour and environment. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union (Antarctic Research Series 77): 111. Allison, I.F. 1980. A preliminary investigation of the physical characteristics ofthe Vahsel Glacier, Heard Island. Canberra: Department of Science and Technology, Antarctic Division (ANARE Scientific Reports 128). Allison, I., and P. Keage. 1986. Recent changes in the glaciers of Heard Island. Polar Record 23 (144): 255271. Australian Antarctic Division. 1995. Heard Island Wilderness Reserve Management Plan. Kingston, Tasmania: Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories. Bridgewater, P.B. 1996. Protected area management in the face of climate change. Parks 6 (2): 4-13. BUdd. G.M. 1964a. The ANARE 1963 expedition to Heard 308 Island. Melbourne: Antarctic Division, Department of External Affairs (ANARE Reports 74). BUdd, G.M. 1964b. Heard Island expedition, 1963. Polar Record 12 (77): 193-195. Budd, G.M. 1970. Heard Island reconnaissance, 1969. Polar Record 15 (96): 335-336. Budd, G.M. 1973. Glacier fluctuations at Heard Island. In: Kasser, P. (editor). Fluctuations of glaciers 1965-70. Paris: IAHS-UNESCO: 65-68,163-164. Budd, G.M. 2000. Changes in Heard Island glaciers, king penguinsandfursealssince 1947. In: Banks, M.R., and M.J. Brown (editors). Heard Island Papers. Papers & Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 133 (2): 47-60. ' Budd, G.M., and P.J. Stephenson. 1970. Recent glacier retreat on Heard Island. In: Gow, AJ., C. Keeler, C.C. Langway, andW.F.Weeks (editors). InternationalSymposium on Antarctic Glaciological Exploration (/SAGE), September 1968. Gentbrugge: International Association of Scientific Hydrology (lASH publication 86): 449458. Comiso, J.C. 2000. Variability and trends in Antarctic surface temperatures from in situ and satellite infrared measurements. Journal of Climate 13 (10): 16741696. De la Mare, W.K. 1997. Abrupt mid-twentieth-century decline in Antarctic sea-ice extent from whaling records. Nature 389: 57-60. Doake, C.S.M., and D.G. Vaughan. 1991. Rapid disintegration of the Wordie Ice Shelf .ln response to atmospheric warming. Nature 350 (6316): 328-330. Downes, M.C. 1996. Indexing sealers' logbooks from Heard Island. ANARE Research Notes 97. Downes, M.C., E.H.M. Ealey, AM. Gwynn, and P.S.Young. 1959. The birds of Heard Island. Melbourne: Antarctic Division, Department of External Affairs (ANARE Reports, Series B, 1). Frenot, Y., J.C. Gloaguen, G. Picot, J. Bougere, and D. Benjamin. 1993. Azorella selago Hook. used to estimate glacier fluctuations and climatic history in the Kerguelen Islandsoverthe lasttwocenturies. Oecologia 95: 140-144. Galloway, R., K. Kiernan, and JA Peterson. 1998. Effects of snow on the landscape. In: Green, K. (editor). Snow: a natural history; an uncertain future. Canberra: Australian Alps Liason Committee: 69-80. Garvin, J.B., A Mahmood, and C. Giguere. 1999. Taking a clear look at cloud-covered oceanic islands on a seasonal basis. EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union 80: 49-54. Gordon, J.E., and R.J. Timmis. 1992. Glacier fluctuations on South Georgia during the 1970s and early 1980s. Antarctic Science 4: 215-226. Green, K. 2000. Coastal studies at Heard Island 1992/93: changes in sea surface temperature and coastal landforms. In: Banks, M.R., and M.J. Brown (editors). Heard Island Papers. Papers & Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 133 (2): 27-32. Hydrographic Branch. 1949. Heard Island (nautical chart). Canberra: Department of the Navy. IPCC. 2001. Climate change 2001: synthesis report. Cambridge: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Cambridge University Press. Jacka, T.H., and A. Ruddell. 1998. Construction of a temperature record for Heard Island, and comparison with glacier fluctuations. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California, USA. Supplement to: EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union 79 (45): F55 (Abstract U31E-04). Jacobs, S.S., and J.C. Comiso. 1997. Climate variability in the Amundsen and Bellinghausen seas. Journal of Climate 10 (4): 697-709. Jones, P.D., M. New, D.E. Parker, S. Martin, and I.G. Rigor. 1999. Surface air temperature and its changes overthe past 150 years. Review of Geophysics 37: 173-199. Kiernan, K., and A McConnell. 1999. Geomorphology of the sub-Antarctic Australian territory of Heard IslandMcDonald Island. Australian Geographer30 (20): 159( J 195. King, J.C. 1994. Recent climate variability in the vicinity of r IIJ the Antarctic Peninsula. InternationalJournal of Climatology 14 (4): 357-369. Liguang S., and X. Zhonging. 2001 Changes in lead concentration in Antarctic penguin droppings during the past 3000 years. Environmental Geology 40: 12051208. Paddick, J. 1993. Ajourneyto Spit Bay, Heard Island, 1949. Aurora 12 (3): 4-9 Paltridge, G., and S. Woodruff. 1981. Changes to global surface temperature from 1880 to 1977 derived from historical records of sea surface temperatures. Monthly Weather Review 109: 2427-2434. Radok, U., and D. Watts. 1975. A synoptic background to glacier variations of Heard Island. In: Snow and ice symposium: proceedings of the Moscow symposium, August 1971. Wallingford: International Association of Scientific Hydrology (IASH-AISH publication 104): 4256. Ruddell. A, and I. Allison. 1997. The sensitivity of glaciers at Heard Island to climatic changes and their recent response. In:Abstracts, 'Glaciers ofthe Southern Hemisphere'symposium, July 1997. Melbourne: IAMAS/ IAPSO. Scambos, TA, C. Hulbe, M. Fahnestock, andJ. Bohlander: 2000. The link between climatic warming and break-up of ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Glaciology 46 (154): 516-530. Simmonds, I., and K. Keay. 2000. Variability of Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone behaviour 19581997. Journal of Climate 13: 550-561. Smith, V.R., and M. Steenkamp. 1990. Climatic change and its ecological implications at a subantarctic island. Oecologia 32: 239-253. Stone, D. 1996. Impacts of climate change on selected ecosystems in Europe. Parks 6 (2): 25-37. Sun, D.-Z., and I.M. Held. 1996. A comparison of modeled .. f. and observed relationships between interannual variations of water vapour and temperature. Journal of Climate 9: 665--675. Vaughan, D.G., and C.S.M. Doake. 1996. Recent atmospheric warming and retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula. Nature 379 (6563): 328-331." name="eprints.referencetext" /> <meta content="Kiernan, Kevin and McConnell, Anne (2002) Glacier retreat and melt-lake expansion at Stephenson Glacier, Heard Island World Heritage Area. Polar Record, 38 . pp. 297-308. ISSN 0032-2474" name="eprints.citation" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2355/1/Glacier_retreat.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /> <meta content="Glacier retreat and melt-lake expansion at Stephenson Glacier, Heard Island World Heritage Area" name="DC.title" /> <meta content="Kiernan, Kevin" name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="McConnell, Anne" name="DC.creator" /> <meta content="260100 Geology" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="260000 Earth Sciences" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="260115 Glaciology" name="DC.subject" /> <meta content="Historical records, recent observations, and geomorphological evidence indicate that rates of retreat and downwasting of the tidewater Stephenson Glacier, and concurrent expansion of ice-marginal melt-lakes, has increased by an order of magnitude since 1987. Melt-lake expansion is partly the product of greatly accelerated ablation of older, ice-cored twentieth-century moraines. The timing of these changes broadly coincides with reported increases in atmospheric and sea-surface temperatures around other sub-Antarctic islands, but correlates less well with changes along the northern Antarctic Peninsula, where warming has been more rapid. These recent changes in landscape character and geomorphological processes have implications for geodiversity, biodiversity, and cultural heritage values in this World Heritage Area. Ifthe causal climatic warming is anthropogenic, it reinforces the fact that even the most remote and littlevisited nature conservation reserves may be compromised by off-site human impacts, confronting management authorities with difficult philosophical and practical issues." name="DC.description" /> <meta content="2002" name="DC.date" /> <meta content="Article" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" /> <meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" /> <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2355/1/Glacier_retreat.pdf" name="DC.identifier" /> <meta content="http://journals.cambridge.org" name="DC.relation" /> <meta content="Kiernan, Kevin and McConnell, Anne (2002) Glacier retreat and melt-lake expansion at Stephenson Glacier, Heard Island World Heritage Area. Polar Record, 38 . pp. 297-308. 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Area</h1> <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Kiernan, Kevin</span> and <span class="person_name">McConnell, Anne</span> (2002) <xhtml:em>Glacier retreat and melt-lake expansion at Stephenson Glacier, Heard Island World Heritage Area.</xhtml:em> Polar Record, 38 . pp. 297-308. ISSN 0032-2474</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2355/1/Glacier_retreat.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2355/1/Glacier_retreat.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />1328Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3012" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://journals.cambridge.org">http://journals.cambridge.org</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Historical records, recent observations, and geomorphological evidence indicate that rates of retreat and downwasting of the tidewater Stephenson Glacier, and concurrent expansion of ice-marginal melt-lakes, has increased by an order of magnitude since 1987. Melt-lake expansion is partly the product of greatly accelerated ablation of older, ice-cored twentieth-century moraines. The timing of these changes broadly coincides with reported increases in atmospheric and sea-surface temperatures around other sub-Antarctic islands, but correlates less well with changes along the northern Antarctic Peninsula, where warming has been more rapid. These recent changes in landscape character and geomorphological processes have implications for geodiversity, biodiversity, and cultural heritage values in this World Heritage Area. Ifthe causal climatic warming is anthropogenic, it reinforces the fact that even the most remote and littlevisited nature conservation reserves may be compromised by off-site human impacts, confronting management authorities with difficult philosophical and practical issues.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260100.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260100 Geology</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260000.html">260000 Earth Sciences</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260115.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260100 Geology > 260115 Glaciology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2355</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">29 Oct 2007 15:47</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2355;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2355">item control page</a></p> </td></tr></table> </div> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" --> <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br /> © University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br /> <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td> <td width="32%"><div align="right"> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p> <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br /> </a></p> </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><p> </p></td> <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td> </tr> </table> <!-- #EndLibraryItem --> <div align="center"></div></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>