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<meta content="Spandler, C." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="O'Neill, H.St C." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Kamenetsky, V.S." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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<meta content="2007-12-03 04:31:25" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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<meta content="Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="orthopyroxene, volcanic-rocks, trace-elements, oceanic-crust, magma chamber, REE, reequilibration, fractionation, heterogeneity, assimilation, diffusion, experiment" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="The chemical composition of basaltic magma erupted at the Earth's surface is the end product of a complex series of processes, beginning with partial melting and melt extraction from a mantle source and ending with fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation at lower pressures. It has been proposed that studying inclusions of melt trapped in early crystallizing phenocrysts such as Mg-rich olivine and chromite may help petrologists to see beyond the later-stage processes and back to the origin of the partial melts in the mantle(1,2). Melt inclusion suites often span a much greater compositional range than associated erupted lavas, and a significant minority of inclusions carry distinct compositions that have been claimed to sample melts from earlier stages of melt production, preserving separate contributions from mantle heterogeneities(1-4). This hypothesis is underpinned by the assumption that melt inclusions, once trapped, remain chemically isolated from the external magma for all elements except those that are compatible in the host minerals(1,2). Here we show that the fluxes of rare-earth elements through olivine and chromite by lattice diffusion are sufficiently rapid at magmatic temperatures to reequilibrate completely the rare-earth-element patterns of trapped melt inclusions in times that are short compared to those estimated for the production and ascent of mantle-derived magma(5,6) or for magma residence in the crust(7). Phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions with anomalous trace-element signatures must therefore form shortly before magma eruption and cooling. We conclude that the assumption of chemical isolation of incompatible elements in olivine- and chromite-hosted melt inclusions(1,2) is not valid, and we call for re-evaluation of the popular interpretation that anomalous melt inclusions represent preserved samples of unmodified mantle melts." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2007-05-17" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="10.1038/nature05759" name="eprints.id_number" />
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<meta content="1. Schiano, P. Primitive mantle magmas recorded as silicate melt inclusions in
igneous minerals. Earth-Sci. Rev. 63, 121–144 (2003).
2. Sobolev, A. V. Melt inclusions in minerals as a source of principal petrological
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mineral-melt partition coefficients for Sc, Y, REE for olivine, orthopyroxene,
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Origins of compositional heterogeneity in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the
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Supplementary Information is linked to the online version of the paper at
www.nature.com/nature.
Acknowledgements M. Shelley, A. Norris and D. Scott are thanked for their help
with the laser ablation ICP-MS analyses, electron microprobe analyses, and
experimental set-up, respectively. This work was supported by an Australian
Research Council Discovery Grant (to H.StC.O’N.).
Author Contributions C.S. prepared and performed the experiments, and
H.StC.O’N. fitted the analytical data to obtain diffusion coefficients. C.S. and
H.StC.O’N. conducted the microprobe and laser-ablation ICP MS analyses. V.K.
characterized and supplied the sample of melt inclusion-bearing olivine
phenocrysts. C.S. and H.StC.O’N. co-wrote the paper. All authors discussed the
results and commented on the paper.
Author Information Reprints and permissions information is available at
www.nature.com/reprints. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.S.
(spandler@geo.unibe.ch) or H.StC.O’N. (hugh.oneill@anu.edu.au).
Time (yr)
Re-equilibration (%)
Ce
Ce
Sm
Lu
Lu
Dy
Ascent and lower crustal residence of
mantle-derived magma from U-series disequilibria
Magma ascent
from the
mantle from
geophysical
constraints
Crustal assimilation by
ascending basalt
1 10 100 1,000 104 105
0
20
40
60
80
100
Figure 3 | Modelled re-equilibration times for REEs between amelt inclusion
in an olivine grain and an external melt at 1,3006C. Solid curves, a 50-mm
melt inclusion in a 1-mmgrain; dashed curve for Lu, a 50-mmmelt inclusion in
a 0.5-mmgrain; dashed curve for Ce, a 30-mmmelt inclusion in a 1-mmgrain.
Re-equilibration was calculated from the equations of ref. 8 using a diffusion
coefficient of 10214.9m2 s21 for all REEs and relevant REE olivine/melt
partition coefficients (see Supplementary Fig. 2). Shown for comparison are
timescales for basalt transfer fromthemantle fromU-series disequilibria5 and
from geophysical constraints6, and residence of basalt and associated crystals
in the lower crust7—all of which are longer than the time needed for reequilibration
of REE in the melt inclusion. By contrast, timescales of
assimilation of crustal material by ascending basalt are relatively short27.
LETTERS NATURE| Vol 447| 17 May 2007
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<meta content="Spandler, C. and O'Neill, H.St C. and Kamenetsky, V.S. (2007) Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite. Nature, 447 (7142). pp. 303-306. ISSN 1476-4687" name="eprints.citation" />
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<meta content="The chemical composition of basaltic magma erupted at the Earth's surface is the end product of a complex series of processes, beginning with partial melting and melt extraction from a mantle source and ending with fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation at lower pressures. It has been proposed that studying inclusions of melt trapped in early crystallizing phenocrysts such as Mg-rich olivine and chromite may help petrologists to see beyond the later-stage processes and back to the origin of the partial melts in the mantle(1,2). Melt inclusion suites often span a much greater compositional range than associated erupted lavas, and a significant minority of inclusions carry distinct compositions that have been claimed to sample melts from earlier stages of melt production, preserving separate contributions from mantle heterogeneities(1-4). This hypothesis is underpinned by the assumption that melt inclusions, once trapped, remain chemically isolated from the external magma for all elements except those that are compatible in the host minerals(1,2). Here we show that the fluxes of rare-earth elements through olivine and chromite by lattice diffusion are sufficiently rapid at magmatic temperatures to reequilibrate completely the rare-earth-element patterns of trapped melt inclusions in times that are short compared to those estimated for the production and ascent of mantle-derived magma(5,6) or for magma residence in the crust(7). Phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions with anomalous trace-element signatures must therefore form shortly before magma eruption and cooling. We conclude that the assumption of chemical isolation of incompatible elements in olivine- and chromite-hosted melt inclusions(1,2) is not valid, and we call for re-evaluation of the popular interpretation that anomalous melt inclusions represent preserved samples of unmodified mantle melts." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Spandler, C.</span> and <span class="person_name">O'Neill, H.St C.</span> and <span class="person_name">Kamenetsky, V.S.</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite.</xhtml:em> Nature, 447 (7142). pp. 303-306. ISSN 1476-4687</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2612/1/Nature-2007_MI.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2612/1/Nature-2007_MI.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />680Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3421" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05759">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05759</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The chemical composition of basaltic magma erupted at the Earth's surface is the end product of a complex series of processes, beginning with partial melting and melt extraction from a mantle source and ending with fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation at lower pressures. It has been proposed that studying inclusions of melt trapped in early crystallizing phenocrysts such as Mg-rich olivine and chromite may help petrologists to see beyond the later-stage processes and back to the origin of the partial melts in the mantle(1,2). Melt inclusion suites often span a much greater compositional range than associated erupted lavas, and a significant minority of inclusions carry distinct compositions that have been claimed to sample melts from earlier stages of melt production, preserving separate contributions from mantle heterogeneities(1-4). This hypothesis is underpinned by the assumption that melt inclusions, once trapped, remain chemically isolated from the external magma for all elements except those that are compatible in the host minerals(1,2). Here we show that the fluxes of rare-earth elements through olivine and chromite by lattice diffusion are sufficiently rapid at magmatic temperatures to reequilibrate completely the rare-earth-element patterns of trapped melt inclusions in times that are short compared to those estimated for the production and ascent of mantle-derived magma(5,6) or for magma residence in the crust(7). Phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions with anomalous trace-element signatures must therefore form shortly before magma eruption and cooling. We conclude that the assumption of chemical isolation of incompatible elements in olivine- and chromite-hosted melt inclusions(1,2) is not valid, and we call for re-evaluation of the popular interpretation that anomalous melt inclusions represent preserved samples of unmodified mantle melts.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">orthopyroxene, volcanic-rocks, trace-elements, oceanic-crust, magma chamber, REE, reequilibration, fractionation, heterogeneity, assimilation, diffusion, experiment</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260300.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260300 Geochemistry</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260100.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260100 Geology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2612</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Prof Vadim Kamenetsky</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">03 Dec 2007 15:31</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2612;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2612">item control page</a></p>
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