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<title>UTas ePrints - Increases in Water Potential Gradient Reduce Xylem Conductivity in Whole Plants. Evidence from a Low-Pressure Conductivity Method1</title>
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<meta content="Brodribb, Tim J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Hill, Robert S." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Timothy.Brodribb@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-12-09 23:20:23" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
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<meta content="Increases in Water Potential Gradient Reduce Xylem
Conductivity in Whole Plants. Evidence from a
Low-Pressure Conductivity Method1" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="270402" name="eprints.subjects" />
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<meta content="A new method using hydrostatic suctions (less than 0.02 MPa) was used to measure whole-root conductivity (Kr) in saplings
of two angiosperm pioneer trees (Eucalyptus regnans and Toona australis) and two rainforest conifers (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
and Nageia fleurii). The resultant Kr was combined with measurements of stem and leaf hydraulic conductivity to calculate
whole-plant conductivity and to predict leaf water potential (Cl) during transpiration. At normal soil temperatures there was
good agreement between measured and predicted Cl during transpiration in all species. Changes in the soil-to-leaf water
potential gradient were produced by root chilling, and in three of the four species, changes in Cl corresponded to those
expected by the effect of increased water viscosity on Kr. In one species, however, root chilling produced severe plant wilting
and a decline in Cl significantly below the predicted value. In this species Cl decreased to a value close to, or below, the Cl
at 50% xylem cavitation. It is concluded that decreased whole-plant conductivity in T. australis resulted from a decrease in
xylem conductivity due to stress-induced cavitation." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2000" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Plant Physiology" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="123" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="1021-1028" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0032-0889" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/abstract/123/3/1021" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Alder MN, Sperry JS, Pockman WT (1996) Root and stem
xylem embolism, stomatal conductance, and leaf turgor
in Acer grandidentatum populations along a soil moisture
gradient. Oecologia 105: 293–301
Becker P, Tyree MT, Tsuda M (1999) Hydraulic conductances
of angiosperms versus conifers: similar transport
sufficiency at the whole-plant level. Tree Physiol 19:
445–452
Brodribb T, Hill RS (1999) The importance of xylem constraints
on the distribution of conifer species. New Phytol
143: 356–372
Brouwer R (1954) The regulating influence of transpiration
and suction tension on the water and salt uptake by the
roots of intact Vica faba plants. Acta Bot Neerl 3: 264–312
Fiscus E (1975) The interaction between osmotic- and
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917–922
Frensch J, Stuedle E (1989) Axial and radial hydraulic
resistance to roots of maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Physiol
91: 719–726
Hacke U, Sauter JJ (1996) Drought-induced xylem dysfunction
in petioles, branches, and roots of Poplus balsamifera
L. and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Plant Physiol 111:
413–417
Hargrave KR, Kolb KJ, Ewers FW, Davis SD (1994) Conduit
diameter and drought-induced embolism in Salvia
mellifera Greene (Labiatae). New Phytol 126: 695–705
Hertel A, Steudle E (1997) The function of water channels
in Chara: the temperature dependence of water and solute
flows provides evidence for composite membrane
transport and for slippage of small organic solutes across
water channels. Planta 202: 324–335
Herwitz SR (1993) Growth rates of selected Australian
tropical rainforest tree species under controlled conditions.
Oecologia 96: 232–238
Huxman KA, Smith SD, Neuman DS (1999) Root conductivity
of Larrea tridentata and Helianthus annuus under
elevated CO2. Plant Cell Environ 22: 325–330
Jackson GE, Irvine J, Grace J (1995) Xylem cavitation in
Scots pine and Sitka spruce saplings during water stress.
Tree Physiol 15: 783–790
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embolism in co-occurring species of coastal sage and
chaparral. Ecology 75: 648–659
Kramer PJ (1938) Root resistance as a cause of the absorption
lag. Am J Bot 25: 110–113
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water absorption by plants at low temperatures. Plant
Physiol 15: 63–79
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Changes in root hydraulic conductance (Kr) of Olea
oleaster seedlings following drought stress and irrigation.
New Phytol 140: 25–31
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absorption by roots: II. The role of hydrostatic pressure
gradients across the cortex. Proc R Soc London Ser B 147:
381–391
Melcher PJ, Meinzer FC, Yount DE, Goldstein G, Zimmermann
U (1998) Comparative measurements of xylem
pressure in transpiring and non-transpiring leaves by
means of the pressure chamber and the xylem pressure
probe. J Exp Bot 49: 1757–1760
Pammenter NW, Vander Willigen C (1998) A mathematical
and statistical analysis of the curves illustrating
vulnerability of xylem to cavitation. Tree Physiol 18:
589–593
Passioura JB (1984) Hydraulic resistance of plants: I. Constant
or variable? Aust J Plant Physiol 11: 333–339
Rudinger M, Hallgren SW, Stuedle E, Schulze ED (1994)
Hydraulic and osmotic properties of spruce roots. J Exp
Bot 45: 1413–1425
Sands R, Fiscus E, Reid CPP (1982) Hydraulic properties
of bean and pine roots with varying degrees of suberisation,
vascular differentiation and mycorrhizal infection.
Aust J Plant Physiol 9: 559–569
Schultz HR, Matthews MA (1997) High vapour pressure
deficit exacerbates xylem cavitation and photoinhibition
in shade-gown Piper auritum during prolonged sunflecks:
I. Dynamics of plant water relations. Oecologia
110: 312–319
Sperry JS, Donnelly JR, Tyree MT (1988) A method for
measuring hydraulic conductivity and embolism in xylem.
Plant Cell Environ 11: 35–40
Sperry JS, Saliendra NZ (1994) Intra- and inter-plant variation
in xylem cavitation in Betula occidentalis. Plant Cell
Environ 17: 1233–1241
Sperry JS, Tyree MT (1990). Water-stress-induced xylem
embolism in three species of conifers. Plant Cell Environ
13: 427–436
Steudle E, Peterson CA (1998) How does water get
through roots? J Exp Bot 49: 775–788
Tsuda M, Tyree MT (1997) Whole-plant hydraulic and
vulnerability segmentation in Acer saccharinum. Tree
Physiol 17: 351–357
Tyree MT, Ewers FW (1991) The hydraulic architecture of
trees and other woody plants. New Phytol 119: 345–360
Tyree MT, Patino S, Becker P (1998a) Variability to
drought-induced embolism of Bornean heath and dipterocarp
forest trees. Tree Physiol 18: 583–588
Tyree MT, Sperry JS (1988) Do woody plants operate near
the point of catastrophic xylem dysfunction caused by
dynamic water stress? Answers from a model. Plant
Physiol 88: 574–580
Tyree MT, Velez V, Dalling JW (1998b) Growth dynamics
of root and shoot hydraulic conductance in seedlings of
five neotropical tree species: scaling to show possible
adaptation to differing light regimes. Oecologia 114:
293–298
Van Der Meer PJ, Dignan P, Saveneh AG (1999) Effect of
gap size on seedling establishment, growth and survival
at three years in mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans F.
Muell.) forest in Victoria, Australia. For Ecol Manag 117:
33–42
Walters MB, Reich PB (1999) Low-light carbon balance
and shade tolerance in the seedlings of woody plants: do
winter deciduous and broad-leaved evergreen species
differ? New Phytol 143: 143–154
Wei C, Steudle E, Tyree MT (1999) Water ascent in plants:
do ongoing controversies have a sound basis? Trends
Plant Sci 4: 335–380
Xylem Cavitation in Whole Plants" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Brodribb, Tim J. and Hill, Robert S. (2000) Increases in Water Potential Gradient Reduce Xylem Conductivity in Whole Plants. Evidence from a Low-Pressure Conductivity Method1. Plant Physiology, 123 . pp. 1021-1028. ISSN 0032-0889" name="eprints.citation" />
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Conductivity in Whole Plants. Evidence from a
Low-Pressure Conductivity Method1" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Brodribb, Tim J." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Hill, Robert S." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="270402 Plant Physiology" name="DC.subject" />
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<meta content="A new method using hydrostatic suctions (less than 0.02 MPa) was used to measure whole-root conductivity (Kr) in saplings
of two angiosperm pioneer trees (Eucalyptus regnans and Toona australis) and two rainforest conifers (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
and Nageia fleurii). The resultant Kr was combined with measurements of stem and leaf hydraulic conductivity to calculate
whole-plant conductivity and to predict leaf water potential (Cl) during transpiration. At normal soil temperatures there was
good agreement between measured and predicted Cl during transpiration in all species. Changes in the soil-to-leaf water
potential gradient were produced by root chilling, and in three of the four species, changes in Cl corresponded to those
expected by the effect of increased water viscosity on Kr. In one species, however, root chilling produced severe plant wilting
and a decline in Cl significantly below the predicted value. In this species Cl decreased to a value close to, or below, the Cl
at 50% xylem cavitation. It is concluded that decreased whole-plant conductivity in T. australis resulted from a decrease in
xylem conductivity due to stress-induced cavitation." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Increases in Water Potential Gradient Reduce Xylem Conductivity in Whole Plants. Evidence from a Low-Pressure Conductivity Method1</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Brodribb, Tim J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Hill, Robert S.</span> (2000) <xhtml:em>Increases in Water Potential Gradient Reduce Xylem Conductivity in Whole Plants. Evidence from a Low-Pressure Conductivity Method1.</xhtml:em> Plant Physiology, 123 . pp. 1021-1028. ISSN 0032-0889</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2638/1/Root_chilling.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2638/1/Root_chilling.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />178Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3458" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/abstract/123/3/1021">http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/abstract/123/3/1021</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">A new method using hydrostatic suctions (less than 0.02 MPa) was used to measure whole-root conductivity (Kr) in saplings
of two angiosperm pioneer trees (Eucalyptus regnans and Toona australis) and two rainforest conifers (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
and Nageia fleurii). The resultant Kr was combined with measurements of stem and leaf hydraulic conductivity to calculate
whole-plant conductivity and to predict leaf water potential (Cl) during transpiration. At normal soil temperatures there was
good agreement between measured and predicted Cl during transpiration in all species. Changes in the soil-to-leaf water
potential gradient were produced by root chilling, and in three of the four species, changes in Cl corresponded to those
expected by the effect of increased water viscosity on Kr. In one species, however, root chilling produced severe plant wilting
and a decline in Cl significantly below the predicted value. In this species Cl decreased to a value close to, or below, the Cl
at 50% xylem cavitation. It is concluded that decreased whole-plant conductivity in T. australis resulted from a decrease in
xylem conductivity due to stress-induced cavitation.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270402.html">270000 Biological Sciences > 270400 Botany > 270402 Plant Physiology</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270400.html">270000 Biological Sciences > 270400 Botany</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2638</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">10 Dec 2007 10:20</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2638;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2638">item control page</a></p>
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