Newer
Older
Digital_Repository / Misc / Mass downloads / UTas / 3059.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>UTas ePrints - Adapting to Pacific Island mangrove responses to sea level rise and climate change</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
    <style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
    <style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
    <link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
    <link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
    <meta content="Gilman, E." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Ellison, J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Jungblut, Vainuupo" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Van Lavieren, Hanneke" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Wilson, Lisette" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Areki, Francis" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Brighouse, Genevieve" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Bungitak, John" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Dus, Eunice" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Henry, Marion" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Kilman, Mandes" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Matthews, Elizabeth" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="egilman@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="Joanna.Ellison@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2008-01-22T04:55:33Z" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-22T04:55:33Z" name="eprints.lastmod" />
<meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
<meta content="Adapting to Pacific Island mangrove responses to sea level rise and climate change" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="300902" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content="Mangrove · Sea level rise · Climate change · Land-use planning · Pacific Islands" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="Stresses associated with effects of climate change, including rise in relative mean sea level, present
one set of threats to mangroves. Coastal development and ecosystems in the Pacific Islands region are
particularly vulnerable to climate change effects. We investigated the capacity of Pacific Island countries and
territories to assess mangrove vulnerability to the effects of climate change, and their capacity to adapt to
mangrove responses to these forces. Technical and institutional capacity-building priorities include:
(1) strengthening management frameworks to conduct site-specific assessment of mangrove vulnerability
and incorporate resulting information into land-use plans to prepare for any landward mangrove migration
and offsetting anticipated losses; (2) reducing and eliminating stresses on and rehabilitating mangroves, in
part, to increase mangrove resilience to climate change effects; and (3) augmenting abilities to establish
mangrove baselines, and monitor gradual changes using standardized techniques through a regional network
to distinguish local and climate change effects on mangroves. Other priorities are to: (4) assess how
mangrove margins have changed over recent decades; (5) determine projections of trends in mean relative
sea level and trends in the frequency and elevation of extreme high water events; (6) measure trends in
changes in elevations of mangrove surfaces; and (7) incorporate this information into land-use planning processes.
Also in (8) some locations require spatial imagery showing topography and locations of mangroves
and coastal development. Land-use planners can use information from assessments predicting shoreline
responses to projected sea level rise and other climate change effects to reduce risks to coastal development,
human safety, and coastal ecosystems. This advanced planning enables coastal managers to minimize
social disruption and cost, minimize losses of valued coastal ecosystems, and maximize available options." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2006" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Climate Research" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="32" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="3" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="161-176" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.3354/cr032161" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0936-577X" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr032161" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Allen JA (1998) Mangroves as alien species: the case of
Hawaii. Glob Ecol Biogeogr Lett 7:61–71
Alleng G (1998) Historical development of the Port Royal
mangrove wetland, Jamaica. J Coast Res 14:951–959
Cahoon DR, Lynch JC, Perez BC, Segura B, Holland R, Stelly
C, Stephenson G, Hensel P (2002) A device for high precision
measurement of wetland sediment elevation: II. The
rod surface elevation table. J Sediment Res 72:734–739
Church J, Gregory J, Huybrechts P, Kuhn M, Lambeck K,
Nhuan M, Qin D, Woodworth P (2001) Changes in sea
level. In: Houghton J, Ding Y, Griggs D, Noguer M, van
der Linden P, Dai X, Maskell K, Johnson C (eds) Climate
change 2001: the scientific basis. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, p 639–693
Church J, White N, Coleman R, Lambeck K, Mitrovica J
(2004a) Estimates of the regional distribution of sea level
rise over the 1950 to 2000 period. J Clim 17:2609–2625
Church J, Hunter J, McInnes K, White N (2004b) Sea level
rise and the frequency of extreme events around the
Australian coastline. In: Coast to Coast ‘04 – Conf Proc,
p 16–24
DeLaune R, Patrick W Jr, Buresh R (1978) Sedimentation rates
determined by 137Cs dating in a rapidly accreting salt
marsh. Nature 275:532–533
Dixon JA, Sherman PB (1990) Economics of protected areas.
A new look at benefits and costs. Island Press, Washington,
DC
Ellison J (1993) Mangrove retreat with rising sea level,
Bermuda. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 37:75–87
Ellison J (1999) Status report on Pacific island mangroves.
In: Eldredge LG, Maragos JE, Holthus PL (eds) Marine
and coastal biodiversity in the tropical island Pacific
region: Vol 2. Population, development and conservation
priorities. Pacific Science Association and East West
Center, Honolulu, p 3–19
Ellison JC (2000) How South Pacific mangroves may respond
to predicted climate change and sea level rise. In: Gillespie
A, Burns W (eds) Climate change in the South Pacific:
impacts and responses in Australia, New Zealand, and
small islands states. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,
p 289–301
Ellison J (2001) Possible impacts of predicted sea level rise on
South Pacific mangroves. In: Noye B, Grzechnik M (eds)
Sea level changes and their effects. World Scientific Publishing,
Singapore, p 289–301
Ellison J (2004) Vulnerability of Fiji’s mangroves and associated
coral reefs to climate change. University of Tasmania,
Launceston
Ellison J, Stoddart D (1991) Mangrove ecosystem collapse
during predicted sea level rise: holocene analogues and
implications. J Coast Res 7:151–165
Federated States of Micronesia (1997) 1997 Climate Change
National Communication. FSM National Government,
Climate Change Program, Palikir
Fletcher CH, Mullane RA, Richmond B (1997) Beach loss
along armored shorelines of Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.
J Coast Res 13:209–215
Gilman EL (1998) Nationwide permit program: unknown
adverse impacts on the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands’ wetlands. Coast Manag 26:253–277
Gilman EL (1999) Compensatory wetland mitigation in the
CNMI: an incipient discipline. In: Streever W (ed)
An international perspective on wetland rehabilitation.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, p 3–17
Gilman EL (2002) Guidelines for coastal and marine siteplanning
and examples of planning and management
intervention tools. Ocean Coast Manag 45:377–404
Gilman E (2004) Assessing and managing coastal ecosystem
response to sea level and climate change. UNESCO World
Heritage Centre Pacific Project Planning Workshop 5–9
Oct. 2004, Kiritimati Island, Kiribati. Blue Ocean Institute,
New York
Gilman E, Coleman R, Hunter J (2005) Trends in frequency
and elevation of extreme high water events and causes,
American Samoa. University of Tasmania and American
Samoa Coastal Management Program, Hobart
Gilman E, Ellison J, Coleman R (in press) Assessment of
mangrove response to projected relative sea-level rise
and recent historical reconstruction of shoreline position.
Environ Monit Assess
Government of Samoa (1999) First National Communication
Report to the UNFCCC. Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment, Apia
Government of Tuvalu (1999) Tuvalu Initial National Communication
Under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change. Funafuti
Holgate SJ, Woodworth PL (2004) Evidence for enhanced
coastal sea level rise during the 1990s. Geophys Res Lett
31:7305–7326
174
Gilman et al.: Adapting to mangrove responses to climate change effects
Houghton J, Ding Y, Griggs D, Noguer M, van der Linden P,
Dai X, Maskell K, Johnson C (eds) (2001) Climate change
2001: the scientific basis. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
Johannes RE (1982) Traditional conservation methods and
protected marine areas in Oceania. Ambio 11:258–261
Kingdom of Tonga (2005) Initial National Communication in
Response to its Commitment under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change. Kingdom of
Tonga
Kiribati Government (1999) Initial Communication Under the
Convention. Ministry of Environment and Social Development,
Tarawa
Komar P (1998) Beach processes and sedimentation, 2nd edn.
Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Krauss KW, Allen JA, Cahoon DR (2003) Differential rates of
vertical accretion and elevation changes among aerial root
types in Micronesian mangrove forests. Estuar Coast Shelf
Sci 54:251–259
Lee W, Partridge T (1983) Rates of spread of Spartina anglica
and sediment accretion in the New River estuary, Invercargill,
New Zealand. NZ J Bot 21:231–236
Lewis RR III (2005) Ecological engineering for successful
management and restoration of mangrove forests. Ecol
Eng 24(4 SI):403–418
Lewis RR III (1992) Scientific perspectives on on-site/off-site,
in-kind/out-of-kind mitigation. In: Kusler JA, Lassonde C
(eds) Effective mitigation: mitigation banks and joint
projects in the context of wetland management plans.
Proc Natl Wetland Symp, Palm Beach Gardens, FL,
p 101–106
Lynch J, Meriwether J, McKee B, Vera-Herrera F, Twilley R
(1989) Recent accretion in mangrove ecosystems based
on 137Cs and 210Pb. Estuaries 12:284–299
McLean R, Tsyban A, Burkett V, Codignotto J, Forbes D,
Mimura N, Beamish R, Ittekkot V (2001) Coastal zones and
marine ecosystems. In: McCarthy J, Canziani O, Leary N,
Dokken D, White K (eds) Climate change 2001: impacts,
adaptation, and vulnerability. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, p 343–378
Mimura N, Nunn P (1998) Trends of beach erosion and shoreline
protection in rural Fiji. J Coast Res 14:37–46
Mullane R, Suzuki D (1997) Beach Management Plan for
Maui. University of Hawaii Sea Grant Extension Service
and County of Maui Planning Department, Maui
Nurse L, Sem G, Hay J, Suarez A, Wong P, Briguglio L,
Ragoonaden S (2001) Small island states. In: McCarthy J,
Canziani O, Leary N, Dokken D, White K (eds) Climate
change 2001: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, p 843–875
Papua New Guinea Government (2000) Initial National
Communication Under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change. Government of Papua
New Guinea
Phillips B (2000) Vanuatu vulnerability assessment: an
approach to integrated regional assessment. In: Mimura
N, Yokoki H (eds) Proc APN/SURVAS/LOICZ Joint Conf
Coastal Impacts of Climate Change and Adaption in the
Asia-Pacific Region, Kobe
Ramsar Secretariat (1999) Global review of wetland resources
and priorities for wetland inventory. Meeting of the Conference
of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on
Wetlands, Ramsar COP7 DOC.19.3, Gland
Ramsar Secretariat (2001) Wetland values and functions:
climate change mitigation. Gland
Republic of the Marshall Islands Environmental Protection
Authority (2000) Initial Communication Under the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Majuro
Republic of Nauru (1999) Climate Change Response. First
National Communication under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change. Yaren
Republic of Palau Office of Environmental Response and
Coordination (2002) First Communication to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Koror
Republic of Vanuatu (1999) Vanuatu National Communication
to the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change. Port Vila
Rogers K, Saintilan N, Heijnis H (2005) Mangrove encroachment
of salt marsh in Western Port Bay, Victoria: the role
of sedimentation, subsidence, and sea level rise. Estuaries
28:551–559
Saintilan N, Wilton K (2001) Changes in the distribution
of mangroves and saltmarshes in Jervis Bay, Australia.
Wetlands Ecol Manag 9:409–420
SCOR Working Group (1991) The response of beaches to sea
level changes: a review of predictive models. J Coast Res
7:895–921
Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme
(2003) Capacity building for the development of adaptation
measures in Pacific Island countries project. Biannual
report covering the period April 1st 2003–September 30th
2003, Apia
Smith CR (2005) Recolonization and succession of wetland
communities following mangrove removal. University of
Hawaii Department of Oceanography, Honolulu
Snedaker S (1993) Impact on mangroves. In: Maul GA (ed)
Climate change in the Intra-American Seas: implications
of future climate change on the ecosystems and socioeconomic
structure of the marine and coastal regimes
of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas and
N.E. Coast of South America. Edward Arnold, London,
p 282–305
Solomon Islands Government (2004) Initial National Communications
Under the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change. Solomon Islands Government
Solomon S, Kruger J, Forbes D (1997) An approach to the
analysis of storm-surge and sea level vulnerability using
GIS: Suva, Fiji, South Pacific. In: Proc 1997 Can Coast
Conf. Canadian Coastal Science and Engineering Association,
Ottawa
SOPAC (South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission)
(2003) Future directions for the environmental vulnerability
index (EVI) project. SOPAC Secretariat, Suva
SPREP (1999a) Regional wetlands action plan for the Pacific
Islands. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme,
Apia
SPREP (1999b) Action strategy for nature conservation in the
Pacific Islands region 1999–2002. South Pacific Regional
Environment Programme, Apia
SPREP (2000) Adapting to climate change: incorporating climate
change adaptation into development activities in
Pacific Island countries: a set of guidelines for policymakers
and development planners. South Pacific Regional
Environment Programme, Apia
South Pacific Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project
(2001) Precision monitoring with the continuous global
positioning system (CGPS). Australian Marine Science &amp;
Technology, Curtin
Spalding MD, Blasco F, Field CD (1997) World mangrove
atlas. International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems,
Okinawa
Titus JG (1991) Greenhouse effect and coastal wetland policy:
175
Clim Res 32: 161–176, 2006
how Americans could abandon an area the size of Massachusetts
at minimum cost. Environ Manag 15:39–58
White A, Hale L, Renard Y, Cortesi L (eds) (1994) Collaborative
and community-based management of coral reefs: lessons
from experience. Kumarian Press, West Hartford, CT
Woodroffe CD (1995) Response of tide-dominated mangrove
shorelines in northern Australia to anticipated sea level
rise. Earth Surface Processes Landforms 20:65–85
Woodworth PL, Blackman DL (2002) Changes in extreme
high water at Liverpool since 1768. Int J Climatol 22:
697–714
Woodworth PL, Blackman DL (2004) Evidence for systematic
changes in extreme high waters since the mid-1970s.
J Clim 17:1190–1197
Yuncker TG (1943) The flora of Niue Island. Bernice P. Bishop
Museum Bulletin 178:1–126" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Gilman, E. and Ellison, J. and Jungblut, Vainuupo and Van Lavieren, Hanneke and Wilson, Lisette and Areki, Francis and Brighouse, Genevieve and Bungitak, John and Dus, Eunice and Henry, Marion and Kilman, Mandes and Matthews, Elizabeth (2006) Adapting to Pacific Island mangrove responses to sea level rise and climate change. Climate Research, 32 (3). pp. 161-176. ISSN 0936-577X" name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/3059/1/Climate_Research_2006.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
<meta content="Adapting to Pacific Island mangrove responses to sea level rise and climate change" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Gilman, E." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Ellison, J." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Jungblut, Vainuupo" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Van Lavieren, Hanneke" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Wilson, Lisette" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Areki, Francis" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Brighouse, Genevieve" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Bungitak, John" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Dus, Eunice" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Henry, Marion" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Kilman, Mandes" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Matthews, Elizabeth" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="300902 Land and Parks Management" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="Stresses associated with effects of climate change, including rise in relative mean sea level, present
one set of threats to mangroves. Coastal development and ecosystems in the Pacific Islands region are
particularly vulnerable to climate change effects. We investigated the capacity of Pacific Island countries and
territories to assess mangrove vulnerability to the effects of climate change, and their capacity to adapt to
mangrove responses to these forces. Technical and institutional capacity-building priorities include:
(1) strengthening management frameworks to conduct site-specific assessment of mangrove vulnerability
and incorporate resulting information into land-use plans to prepare for any landward mangrove migration
and offsetting anticipated losses; (2) reducing and eliminating stresses on and rehabilitating mangroves, in
part, to increase mangrove resilience to climate change effects; and (3) augmenting abilities to establish
mangrove baselines, and monitor gradual changes using standardized techniques through a regional network
to distinguish local and climate change effects on mangroves. Other priorities are to: (4) assess how
mangrove margins have changed over recent decades; (5) determine projections of trends in mean relative
sea level and trends in the frequency and elevation of extreme high water events; (6) measure trends in
changes in elevations of mangrove surfaces; and (7) incorporate this information into land-use planning processes.
Also in (8) some locations require spatial imagery showing topography and locations of mangroves
and coastal development. Land-use planners can use information from assessments predicting shoreline
responses to projected sea level rise and other climate change effects to reduce risks to coastal development,
human safety, and coastal ecosystems. This advanced planning enables coastal managers to minimize
social disruption and cost, minimize losses of valued coastal ecosystems, and maximize available options." name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2006" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/3059/1/Climate_Research_2006.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr032161" name="DC.relation" />
<meta content="Gilman, E. and Ellison, J. and Jungblut, Vainuupo and Van Lavieren, Hanneke and Wilson, Lisette and Areki, Francis and Brighouse, Genevieve and Bungitak, John and Dus, Eunice and Henry, Marion and Kilman, Mandes and Matthews, Elizabeth (2006) Adapting to Pacific Island mangrove responses to sea level rise and climate change. Climate Research, 32 (3). pp. 161-176. ISSN 0936-577X" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/3059/" name="DC.relation" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-3059.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-3059.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-3059.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-3059.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/DC/epprod-eprint-3059.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/DIDL/epprod-eprint-3059.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/EndNote/epprod-eprint-3059.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/HTML/epprod-eprint-3059.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/METS/epprod-eprint-3059.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/MODS/epprod-eprint-3059.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/RIS/epprod-eprint-3059.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/Refer/epprod-eprint-3059.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/Simple/epprod-eprint-3059text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/Text/epprod-eprint-3059.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/3059/XML/epprod-eprint-3059.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />

  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
    
    <div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>




<table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
        <!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
        <tr>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
          <td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
          <td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
      </table></td>
  </tr>
    <tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
      <td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
      <td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
        <form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
          <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
          <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
          <input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
          <input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
          <input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
        </form>
      </td>
    </tr></table></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->


<div align="center">
  
  <table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Adapting to Pacific Island mangrove responses to sea level rise and climate change</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Gilman, E.</span> and <span class="person_name">Ellison, J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Jungblut, Vainuupo</span> and <span class="person_name">Van Lavieren, Hanneke</span> and <span class="person_name">Wilson, Lisette</span> and <span class="person_name">Areki, Francis</span> and <span class="person_name">Brighouse, Genevieve</span> and <span class="person_name">Bungitak, John</span> and <span class="person_name">Dus, Eunice</span> and <span class="person_name">Henry, Marion</span> and <span class="person_name">Kilman, Mandes</span> and <span class="person_name">Matthews, Elizabeth</span> (2006) <xhtml:em>Adapting to Pacific Island mangrove responses to sea level rise and climate change.</xhtml:em> Climate Research, 32 (3). pp. 161-176. ISSN 0936-577X</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/3059/1/Climate_Research_2006.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/3059/1/Climate_Research_2006.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />694Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input value="4192" name="docid" accept-charset="utf-8" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr032161">http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr032161</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Stresses associated with effects of climate change, including rise in relative mean sea level, present&#13;
one set of threats to mangroves. Coastal development and ecosystems in the Pacific Islands region are&#13;
particularly vulnerable to climate change effects. We investigated the capacity of Pacific Island countries and&#13;
territories to assess mangrove vulnerability to the effects of climate change, and their capacity to adapt to&#13;
mangrove responses to these forces. Technical and institutional capacity-building priorities include:&#13;
(1) strengthening management frameworks to conduct site-specific assessment of mangrove vulnerability&#13;
and incorporate resulting information into land-use plans to prepare for any landward mangrove migration&#13;
and offsetting anticipated losses; (2) reducing and eliminating stresses on and rehabilitating mangroves, in&#13;
part, to increase mangrove resilience to climate change effects; and (3) augmenting abilities to establish&#13;
mangrove baselines, and monitor gradual changes using standardized techniques through a regional network&#13;
to distinguish local and climate change effects on mangroves. Other priorities are to: (4) assess how&#13;
mangrove margins have changed over recent decades; (5) determine projections of trends in mean relative&#13;
sea level and trends in the frequency and elevation of extreme high water events; (6) measure trends in&#13;
changes in elevations of mangrove surfaces; and (7) incorporate this information into land-use planning processes.&#13;
Also in (8) some locations require spatial imagery showing topography and locations of mangroves&#13;
and coastal development. Land-use planners can use information from assessments predicting shoreline&#13;
responses to projected sea level rise and other climate change effects to reduce risks to coastal development,&#13;
human safety, and coastal ecosystems. This advanced planning enables coastal managers to minimize&#13;
social disruption and cost, minimize losses of valued coastal ecosystems, and maximize available options.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Mangrove · Sea level rise · Climate change · Land-use planning · Pacific Islands</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300902.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences &gt; 300900 Land, Parks and Agriculture Management &gt; 300902 Land and Parks Management</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">3059</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Joanna Ellison</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">22 Jan 2008 15:55</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">22 Jan 2008 15:55</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=3059;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=3059">item control page</a></p>
  </td></tr></table>
</div>



    <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
    <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
  <tr valign="top">
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
© University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
      <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright &amp; Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a>  </td>
        <td width="32%"><div align="right">
            <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
            <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
            </a></p>
        </div></td>
      </tr>
      <tr valign="top">
        <td><p>  </p></td>
        <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
    <div align="center"></div></td>
  </tr>
</table>

  </body>
</html>