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<title>UTas ePrints - Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia</title>
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<meta content="Phillips, Helen E." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Rintoul, S.R." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="h.e.phillips@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="Antarctic Circumpolar Current, heat, momentum, eddy, flux" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="Two year time series measurements of current velocity and temperature in the Subantarctic
Front (SAF) south of Australia from 1993 to 1995 provide estimates of eddy fluxes of heat
and momentum across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and further insight into the
variability of the ACC. The SAF was found to be an energetic, meandering jet with vertically
coherent fluctuations varying on a timescale of 20 days with typical amplitude 30 cm/s
at 1150 dbar. A daily-varying coordinate frame which follows the direction of ow allowed
mesoscale variability of the SAF to be isolated from variability due to meandering of the
front and proved very successful for examining eddy uxes. Vertically averaged cross-stream
eddy heat flux was 11.3 kW/m^2 poleward and significantly different from zero at the 95%
confidence interval for fluctuations in the 2-90 day band. Zonally integrated, this eddy heat
flux (=0.9 PW) is more than large enough to balance heat lost south of the Polar Front
and is as large as cross-SAF fluxes found in Drake Passage. Cross-stream eddy momentum
fluxes were small, not significantly different from zero and of indeterminate sign, but tending
to decelerate the mean flow. A relationship between vertical motion and meander phase
identified in the Gulf Stream was found to hold for the SAF. Eddy kinetic energy levels were
similar to those in Drake Passage and southeast of New Zealand. Eddy potential energy was
up to an order of magnitude larger than other ACC sites, most likely because meandering
of the front is more common here. Baroclinic conversion was found to be the dominant
mechanism by which eddies grow south of Australia. Typical eddy growth rate is estimated
to be 30 days, approximately twice as fast as in Drake Passage, consistent with eddy energy
growing rapidly downstream." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2000-12" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="Journal of Physical Oceanography" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="30" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="12" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="3050-3076" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<3050:EVAEFD>2.0.CO;2" name="eprints.id_number" />
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<meta content="Belkin, I. M., 1990: Hydrological fronts of the Indian Subantarctic, in The Antarctic. The committee
reports., vol. 29, pp. 119-128, Nauka, Moscow, in Russian with English abstract.
Bryden, H. L., 1979: Poleward heat flux and conversion of available potential energy in Drake Passage,
J. Mar. Res., 37, 1-22.
Bryden, H. L., and R. A. Heath, 1985: Energetic eddies at the northern edge of the Antarctic Circumpolar
Current, Progr. Oceanogr., 14, 65-87.
Bryden, H. L., 1980: Geostrophic vorticity balance in midocean, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 2825-2828.
Bryden, H. L., and R. D. Pillsbury, 1977: Variability of deep flow in the Drake Passage from year-long
current measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 803-810.
Cronin, M., K. L. Tracey and D. R. Watts, 1992: Mooring motion correction of the SYNOP Central
Array current meter data., GSO Tech. Rep. 92-4, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 114pp.
Cronin, M., and D. R. Watts, 1996: Eddy-mean flow interaction in the Gulf Stream at 68 W. Part I:
Eddy energetics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2107-2131.
deSzoeke, R. A., and M. D. Levine, 1981: The advective flux of heat by mean geostrophic motions in
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Gille, S. T., 1997: The Southern Ocean momentum balance: evidence for topographic effects from
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Hall, M. M., 1986: Horizontal and vertical structure of the Gulf Stream velocity field at 68 W, J.
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Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 3, 204-214.
Hogg, N. G., 1991: Mooring motion corrections revisited, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 8, 289-295.
Holton, J. R., 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Academic Press, 3 edition, 511pp.
Inoue, M., 1985: Modal decomposition of the low-frequency currents and baroclinic instability at
Drake Passage, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1157-1181.
Johnson, G. C., and H. L. Bryden, 1989: On the size of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea
Res., 36, 35-53.
Le Traon, P. Y., F. Nadal and N. Ducet, 1998: An improved mapping method of multi-satellite
altimeter data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 25, 522-534.
Lindstrom, S. S., X. Qian and D. R. Watts, 1997: Vertical motion in the Gulf Stream and its relation
to meanders, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8485-8503.
Lindstrom, S. S., and D. R. Watts, 1994: Vertical motion in the Gulf Stream near 68 W, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 24, 2321-2333.
Marshall, J., and G. Shutts, 1981: A note on rotational and divergent eddy fluxes, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
11, 1677-1680.
McWilliams, J. C., W. R. Holland and J. H. S. Chow, 1978: A description of numerical Antarctic
Circumpolar Currents, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 2, 213-291.
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variances in the Southern Ocean from Geosat altimetry, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2050-2071.
Munk, W. H., and E. Palmen, 1951: Note on the dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current,
Tellus, 3, 53-55.
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of Geophys., 24, 469-491.
Nowlin, Jr., W. D., S. J. Worley and T. Whitworth, III, 1985: Methods for making point estimates of
eddy heat ux as applied to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3305-3324.
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Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, 17pp.+82 plates.
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Pillsbury, R. D., T. Whitworth, III, W. D. Nowlin, Jr. and F. Sciremammano, Jr., 1979: Currents and
temperatures as observed in Drake Passage during 1975, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 469-482.
Rintoul, S. R., and J. L. Bullister, 1999: A late winter hydrographic section from Tasmania to Antarctica,
Deep-Sea Res., 46, 1417-1454.
Rintoul, S. R., J. R. Donguy and D. H. Roemmich, 1997: Seasonal evolution of upper ocean thermal
structure between Tasmania and Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res., 44, 1185-1202.
Rintoul, S. R., and S. Sokolov, 2000: Baroclinic transport variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar
Current south of Australia (WOCE repeat section SR3), J. Geophys. Res., p. submitted.
Schmitz, Jr., W. J., 1996: On the eddy field in the Agulhas Retroection, with some global considerations,
J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,259-16,271.
Sciremammano, Jr., F., 1980: The nature of the poleward heat ux due to low-frequency current
uctuations in Drake Passage, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 843-852.
Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell, 1994: Bathymetric prediction from dense satellite altimetry and
sparse shipboard bathymetry, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21803-21824.
Speer, K., S. Rintoul and B. Sloyan, 1999: The diabatic Deacon cell, J. Phys. Oceanogr., Submitted.
Stevens, D. P., and V. O. Ivchenko, 1997: The zonal momentum balance in an eddy-resolving generalcirculation
model of the Southern Ocean, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 929-951.
Thompson, R. O. R. Y., 1983: Low-pass filters to suppress inertial and tidal frequencies, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 13, 1077-1083.
Treguier, A. M., and J. C. McWilliams, 1990: Topographic inuences on wind-driven, stratified flow in
a -plane channel: An idealized model for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
20, 321-343.
Wolff, J. O., E. Maier-Reimer and D. J. Olbers, 1991: Wind-driven flow over topography in a zonal -
plane channel: A quasi-geostrophic model of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
21, 236-264." name="eprints.referencetext" />
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<meta content="Two year time series measurements of current velocity and temperature in the Subantarctic
Front (SAF) south of Australia from 1993 to 1995 provide estimates of eddy fluxes of heat
and momentum across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and further insight into the
variability of the ACC. The SAF was found to be an energetic, meandering jet with vertically
coherent fluctuations varying on a timescale of 20 days with typical amplitude 30 cm/s
at 1150 dbar. A daily-varying coordinate frame which follows the direction of ow allowed
mesoscale variability of the SAF to be isolated from variability due to meandering of the
front and proved very successful for examining eddy uxes. Vertically averaged cross-stream
eddy heat flux was 11.3 kW/m^2 poleward and significantly different from zero at the 95%
confidence interval for fluctuations in the 2-90 day band. Zonally integrated, this eddy heat
flux (=0.9 PW) is more than large enough to balance heat lost south of the Polar Front
and is as large as cross-SAF fluxes found in Drake Passage. Cross-stream eddy momentum
fluxes were small, not significantly different from zero and of indeterminate sign, but tending
to decelerate the mean flow. A relationship between vertical motion and meander phase
identified in the Gulf Stream was found to hold for the SAF. Eddy kinetic energy levels were
similar to those in Drake Passage and southeast of New Zealand. Eddy potential energy was
up to an order of magnitude larger than other ACC sites, most likely because meandering
of the front is more common here. Baroclinic conversion was found to be the dominant
mechanism by which eddies grow south of Australia. Typical eddy growth rate is estimated
to be 30 days, approximately twice as fast as in Drake Passage, consistent with eddy energy
growing rapidly downstream." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Phillips, Helen E.</span> and <span class="person_name">Rintoul, S.R.</span> (2000) <xhtml:em>Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia.</xhtml:em> Journal of Physical Oceanography, 30 (12). pp. 3050-3076. ISSN 1520-0485</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/810/1/Eddy_Variability_and_Energetics.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/810/1/Eddy_Variability_and_Energetics.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />455Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input value="4451" name="docid" accept-charset="utf-8" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<3050:EVAEFD>2.0.CO;2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<3050:EVAEFD>2.0.CO;2</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Two year time series measurements of current velocity and temperature in the Subantarctic
Front (SAF) south of Australia from 1993 to 1995 provide estimates of eddy fluxes of heat
and momentum across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and further insight into the
variability of the ACC. The SAF was found to be an energetic, meandering jet with vertically
coherent fluctuations varying on a timescale of 20 days with typical amplitude 30 cm/s
at 1150 dbar. A daily-varying coordinate frame which follows the direction of ow allowed
mesoscale variability of the SAF to be isolated from variability due to meandering of the
front and proved very successful for examining eddy uxes. Vertically averaged cross-stream
eddy heat flux was 11.3 kW/m^2 poleward and significantly different from zero at the 95%
confidence interval for fluctuations in the 2-90 day band. Zonally integrated, this eddy heat
flux (=0.9 PW) is more than large enough to balance heat lost south of the Polar Front
and is as large as cross-SAF fluxes found in Drake Passage. Cross-stream eddy momentum
fluxes were small, not significantly different from zero and of indeterminate sign, but tending
to decelerate the mean flow. A relationship between vertical motion and meander phase
identified in the Gulf Stream was found to hold for the SAF. Eddy kinetic energy levels were
similar to those in Drake Passage and southeast of New Zealand. Eddy potential energy was
up to an order of magnitude larger than other ACC sites, most likely because meandering
of the front is more common here. Baroclinic conversion was found to be the dominant
mechanism by which eddies grow south of Australia. Typical eddy growth rate is estimated
to be 30 days, approximately twice as fast as in Drake Passage, consistent with eddy energy
growing rapidly downstream.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Antarctic Circumpolar Current, heat, momentum, eddy, flux</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260403.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260400 Oceanography > 260403 Physical Oceanography</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">810</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Helen E Phillips</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">15 Mar 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">08 Feb 2008 12:49</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=810;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=810">item control page</a></p>
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