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<title>UTas ePrints - Syn-eruptive chaotic breccia on Kos, Greece, associated with an energetic pyroclastic flow</title>
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<meta content="Allen, S.R." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="McPhie, J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Sharon.Allen@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="J.McPhie@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-10-11 01:16:55" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
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<meta content="Syn-eruptive chaotic breccia on Kos, Greece, associated with an energetic pyroclastic flow" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="Kos Plateau Tuff · Caldera-forming eruption ·
Pyroclastic flow · Syn-eruptive chaotic breccia, · Shear
liquification · Debris avalanche" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com" name="eprints.note" />
<meta content="The climax of the Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) eruption (eastern Aegean, Greece) generated a highly energetic,
coarse-grained, lithic-rich, pyroclastic flow. In
most places on Kos, the deposit from this event is an ignimbrite (ignimbrite El) that comprises a basal, coarsegrained, lithic breccia and overlying pumiceous part,
above a planar, strongly erosional lower contact. However,
along the northern coast of central Kos, “normal” ignimbrite
El overlies a hummocky, 6-m-thick layer of chaotic breccia comprising mingled-to-pervasively mixed ignimbrite El and unconsolidated sediment. The surface morphology of the chaotic breccia and its internal texture resemble those of a debris-avalanche deposit, but the breccia is neither proximal nor downcurrent of steep topography. The lower part of the chaotic breccia comprises distinct domains of unconsolidated sediment or lower KPT units that are deformed and/or mingled with pumiceous ignimbrite. The upper part is dominated by a matrix of mingled-to-pervasively mixed ignimbrite and sediment that contains sediment domains as large as 2–10 m in diameter. Such large intact allochthonous domains are best preserved at the top of the chaotic breccia and form the hummocks. The chaotic breccia formed synchronously with the passage of a highly energetic pyroclastic flow where it traversed wet, unconsolidated sediment. Shear-induced liquification, together with possible ground shaking associated with the eruption, probably caused failure. Part of the unconsolidated substrate and basal part of ignimbrite El were dislodged and resedimented a short distance (tens to hundreds of metres)downcurrent. The lower part records deformation and disintegration of the substrate induced by the overriding, shearing flow. Mingling and deformation of the poorly consolidated material occurred as a result of within-flow lateral shear. Attenuated worm burrows within the sediment domains, and pinch-and-swell and flame structures within the mingled domains, preserve evidence of shear in the lower part. The upper part was transported downcurrent above a zone of shear failure. Internal heterogeneities in physical properties resulted in variable strain rates causing some domains to be pervasively mixed
while others remained intact. Intact large unconsolidated
domains at the top were transported mostly above the
zone of shearing." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2001-10" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Bulletin of Volcanology" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="63" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="6" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="421-432" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1007/s004450100162" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0258-8900" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450100162" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Allen SR (2001) Reconstruction of a major caldera-forming eruption
from pyroclastic deposit characteristics: Kos Plateau Tuff,
eastern Aegean Sea. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 105:141–162
Allen SR, Cas RAF (1998) Lateral variations within coarse co-ignimbrite
lithic breccias of the Kos Plateau Tuff, Greece. Bull
Volcanol 59:356–377
Allen SR, Cas RAF (2001) Transport of pyroclastic flows across
the sea during the explosive, rhyolitic eruption of the Kos Plateau
Tuff, Greece. Bull Volcanol 62:441–456
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Plateau Tuff: product of a major Quaternary explosive rhyolitic
eruption in the eastern Aegean, Greece. Int J Earth Sci
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Juan Mountains, Colorado. Geol Soc Am Bull 87:1397–1410
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294:699–704
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Jocotitlán volcano, Central Mexico. Bull Volcanol 54:573–589
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Geotherm Res 22:163–197
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20:299–302
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228" name="eprints.referencetext" />
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<meta content="The climax of the Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) eruption (eastern Aegean, Greece) generated a highly energetic,
coarse-grained, lithic-rich, pyroclastic flow. In
most places on Kos, the deposit from this event is an ignimbrite (ignimbrite El) that comprises a basal, coarsegrained, lithic breccia and overlying pumiceous part,
above a planar, strongly erosional lower contact. However,
along the northern coast of central Kos, “normal” ignimbrite
El overlies a hummocky, 6-m-thick layer of chaotic breccia comprising mingled-to-pervasively mixed ignimbrite El and unconsolidated sediment. The surface morphology of the chaotic breccia and its internal texture resemble those of a debris-avalanche deposit, but the breccia is neither proximal nor downcurrent of steep topography. The lower part of the chaotic breccia comprises distinct domains of unconsolidated sediment or lower KPT units that are deformed and/or mingled with pumiceous ignimbrite. The upper part is dominated by a matrix of mingled-to-pervasively mixed ignimbrite and sediment that contains sediment domains as large as 2–10 m in diameter. Such large intact allochthonous domains are best preserved at the top of the chaotic breccia and form the hummocks. The chaotic breccia formed synchronously with the passage of a highly energetic pyroclastic flow where it traversed wet, unconsolidated sediment. Shear-induced liquification, together with possible ground shaking associated with the eruption, probably caused failure. Part of the unconsolidated substrate and basal part of ignimbrite El were dislodged and resedimented a short distance (tens to hundreds of metres)downcurrent. The lower part records deformation and disintegration of the substrate induced by the overriding, shearing flow. Mingling and deformation of the poorly consolidated material occurred as a result of within-flow lateral shear. Attenuated worm burrows within the sediment domains, and pinch-and-swell and flame structures within the mingled domains, preserve evidence of shear in the lower part. The upper part was transported downcurrent above a zone of shear failure. Internal heterogeneities in physical properties resulted in variable strain rates causing some domains to be pervasively mixed
while others remained intact. Intact large unconsolidated
domains at the top were transported mostly above the
zone of shearing." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Syn-eruptive chaotic breccia on Kos, Greece, associated with an energetic pyroclastic flow</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Allen, S.R.</span> and <span class="person_name">McPhie, J.</span> (2001) <xhtml:em>Syn-eruptive chaotic breccia on Kos, Greece, associated with an energetic pyroclastic flow.</xhtml:em> Bulletin of Volcanology, 63 (6). pp. 421-432. ISSN 0258-8900</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2082/1/Allen.McPhie.BV.2001.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2082/1/Allen.McPhie.BV.2001.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />584Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="2617" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450100162">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450100162</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The climax of the Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) eruption (eastern Aegean, Greece) generated a highly energetic,
coarse-grained, lithic-rich, pyroclastic flow. In
most places on Kos, the deposit from this event is an ignimbrite (ignimbrite El) that comprises a basal, coarsegrained, lithic breccia and overlying pumiceous part,
above a planar, strongly erosional lower contact. However,
along the northern coast of central Kos, “normal” ignimbrite
El overlies a hummocky, 6-m-thick layer of chaotic breccia comprising mingled-to-pervasively mixed ignimbrite El and unconsolidated sediment. The surface morphology of the chaotic breccia and its internal texture resemble those of a debris-avalanche deposit, but the breccia is neither proximal nor downcurrent of steep topography. The lower part of the chaotic breccia comprises distinct domains of unconsolidated sediment or lower KPT units that are deformed and/or mingled with pumiceous ignimbrite. The upper part is dominated by a matrix of mingled-to-pervasively mixed ignimbrite and sediment that contains sediment domains as large as 2–10 m in diameter. Such large intact allochthonous domains are best preserved at the top of the chaotic breccia and form the hummocks. The chaotic breccia formed synchronously with the passage of a highly energetic pyroclastic flow where it traversed wet, unconsolidated sediment. Shear-induced liquification, together with possible ground shaking associated with the eruption, probably caused failure. Part of the unconsolidated substrate and basal part of ignimbrite El were dislodged and resedimented a short distance (tens to hundreds of metres)downcurrent. The lower part records deformation and disintegration of the substrate induced by the overriding, shearing flow. Mingling and deformation of the poorly consolidated material occurred as a result of within-flow lateral shear. Attenuated worm burrows within the sediment domains, and pinch-and-swell and flame structures within the mingled domains, preserve evidence of shear in the lower part. The upper part was transported downcurrent above a zone of shear failure. Internal heterogeneities in physical properties resulted in variable strain rates causing some domains to be pervasively mixed
while others remained intact. Intact large unconsolidated
domains at the top were transported mostly above the
zone of shearing.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Kos Plateau Tuff · Caldera-forming eruption ·
Pyroclastic flow · Syn-eruptive chaotic breccia, · Shear
liquification · Debris avalanche</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260100.html">260000 Earth Sciences > 260100 Geology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2082</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Mrs Katrina Keep</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">11 Oct 2007 12:16</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2082;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2082">item control page</a></p>
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