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<meta content="This paper examines the changes in the nature and quantity of Food consumption in India during the reforms decade of the 1990s, and analyses their implications for calorie intake and undernourishment. The study documents the decline in cereal consumption, especially in the
urban areas, and provides evidence that suggests an increase in the prevalence of undernourishment over the period, 1987/88 – 2001/2002. The results also point to a
significant number of households, even in the top expenditure decile, suffering from under nourishment. This calls for a reassessment of the current strategy of directing the Targetted Public Distribution System (TPDS) exclusively at households “below the poverty line”
(BPL). This study shows that, both as a source of subsidised calories and as a poverty reducing instrument, the PDS is of much greater importance to the female headed households than it is to the rest of the population. Another important result is that, notwithstanding the
sharp decline in their expenditure share during the 1990s, Rice and Wheat continue to provide the dominant share of calories, especially for the rural poor. The Indian experience is in sharp contrast to that in Vietnam which witnessed a large increase in calorie intake and,
consequently, a decrease in the prevalence of ndernourishment in the late 1990s. The Vietnamese diet displayed increased diversification during the 1990s with a greater role for protein rich animal products and a more balanced diet of nutrients than in India." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2007" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="Baulch, B. and E. Masset (2003), “Do Monetary and Non-Monetary Indicators tell the same story aobut chronic poverty? A study of Vietnam in the 1990s”, World evelopment,31(3), 441-453.
Bhalla, S.S. (2003), “Recounting the Poor: Poverty in India, 1983-99”, Economic and Political Weekly, 38(4), 338-349.
Chand, R. (2005), “Whither India’s Food Policy? From Food Security to Food Deprivation”,Economic and Political Weekly, 40(11), 1055-1062.
Coondoo, D., A. Majumder, G. Lancaster and R. Ray (2005), “Alternative Approaches to Measuring Temporal Changes in Poverty with Application to India”, mimeographed, University of Tasmania, Hobart, (available at www.utas.edu.au/economics.)
Dandekar, V.M. and N. Rath (1971), “Poverty in India – I”, Economic and Political Weekly 6(1), 25-48.
Dien, L.N., M.T. Nguyen and M.E. Bentley (2004), “Food consumption patterns in the economic transition in Vietnam”, Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13(1), 40-47.
Dreze, J. and A. Sen (1995), India Economic Development and Social Opportunity, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Dubey, A. and S. Gangopadhyay (1998) “Counting the Poor: Where are the Poor in India?”, Sarvekshana, Analytical Report No. 1, Department of Statistics, Government of India.
FAO (1992), “World Food Supplies and Prevalence of Chronic Undernutrition in Developing Regions as Assessed in 1992”, mimeographed, FAO, Rome.
Gopalan, C., Sastri B.V., Rama and S.C. Balasubramanian (1999), “Nutritive Value of Indian Foods”, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad.
Harriss, B. (1990), “The Intra-Family Distribution of Hunger in South Asia”, in Dreze, J. and A. Sen (eds.), The Political Economy of Hunger, Vol. 1: Entitlements and Well-being,Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Hoddinott,J. and Y.Yohannes (2002), “Dietary Diversity as a Food Security Indicator”, Discussion Paper No. 136, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, June.
Hop, L.T. (2003), “Programs to Improve Production and Consumption of Animal Source Foods and Malnutrition in Vietnam”, Journal of Nutrition, 133, 4006S-4009S.
ICMR (2002): “Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians: A Report of the Expert Group of the Indian Council of Medical Research”, ICMR, New
Delhi.
Meenakshi, J.V. and R. Ray (2002), “Impact of household size and family composition on poverty in rural India”, Journal of Policy Modelling, 24, 539-559.
Meenakshi, J.V. and B Vishwanathan (2003), “Calorie Deprivation in Rural India”, Economic and Political Weekly, 38(4), 369-375.
Mehta, J. and S. Venkatraman (2000), “Poverty Statistics: Bermicide’s Feast”, Economic and Political Weekly, 35, (27), 2377-2381.
Mishra, V. and R. Ray (2007), “Dietary Diversity, Food Security and Undernourishment: The Vietnamese Evidence”, mimeographed, University of Tasmania, Australia.
Molini, V. (2006), “Food Security in Vietnam during the 1990s: the Empirical Evidence”, UNU-WIDER Research Paper No. 2006/67, Helsinki.
Osmani, S.R. (1992), Nutrition and Poverty, OUP, Delhi.
Radhakrishna, R. (2005), “Food and Nutrition Security of the Poor: Emerging Perspectives and Policy Issues”, Economic and Political Weekly, 40(18), 1817-1823.
Rao, C.H.H. (2005), Agriculture, Food Security, Poverty and Environment: Essays on postreform India, OUP, Delhi.
Rao, N. (2005), “Gender Equality, Land Rights and Household Food Security: Discussion of Rice Farming Systems”, Economic and Political Weekly, 40(25), 2513-2521.
Ray, R. (2007), “Changes in Food Consumption and the Implications for Food Security and Undernourishment: India in the the 1990s”, Development and Change, 38(2), 321-343.
Ray, R. and G. Lancaster (2005), “On Setting the Poverty Line Based on Estimated Nutrient Prices: condition of socially disadvantaged groups during the reform period”, Economic and Political Weekly, 40(1), 46-56.
Sen, A. (2000), “Estimates of Consumer Expenditure and its Distribution: Statistical Priorities after NSS 50th Round”, Economic and Political Weekly, 35(51), 4499-4518.
Sen, A. and Himanshu (2004), “Poverty and Inequality in India – I”, Economic and Political Weekly, 39(38), 4247-4263.
Sen, P. (2005), “Of Calories and Things: Reflection on Nutritional Norms, Poverty Lines and Consumption Behaviour in India”, Economic and Political Weekly, 30 (43), 4611-4618.
Shah, C.H. (1983), “Food Preference, Poverty and the Nutrition Gap”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 32, 121-148.
Subramanian, S. (2005), “Unravelling a Conceptual Muddle”, Economic and Political Weekly, 40(1), 57-66.
Suryanarayana, M.H. and D. Silva (2007), “Is Targeting the Poor a Penalty on the Food Insecure? Poverty and Food Insecurity in India”, Journal of Human Development, 8(1),
89-107.
Svedberg, P. (2000), Poverty and Undernutrition: Theory, Measurement and Policy, OUP (Indian Edition), Delhi.
Thang, N.M. and B.M. Popkin (2004), “Patterns of food consumption in Vietnam: effects on socio economic groups during an era of economic growth”, European Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 58, 145-153.
Thorat, S. and J. Lee, (2005), “Caste Discrimination and Food Security Programmes”, Economic and Political Weekly, 30(39), 4198-4200.
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<meta content="This paper examines the changes in the nature and quantity of Food consumption in India during the reforms decade of the 1990s, and analyses their implications for calorie intake and undernourishment. The study documents the decline in cereal consumption, especially in the
urban areas, and provides evidence that suggests an increase in the prevalence of undernourishment over the period, 1987/88 – 2001/2002. The results also point to a
significant number of households, even in the top expenditure decile, suffering from under nourishment. This calls for a reassessment of the current strategy of directing the Targetted Public Distribution System (TPDS) exclusively at households “below the poverty line”
(BPL). This study shows that, both as a source of subsidised calories and as a poverty reducing instrument, the PDS is of much greater importance to the female headed households than it is to the rest of the population. Another important result is that, notwithstanding the
sharp decline in their expenditure share during the 1990s, Rice and Wheat continue to provide the dominant share of calories, especially for the rural poor. The Indian experience is in sharp contrast to that in Vietnam which witnessed a large increase in calorie intake and,
consequently, a decrease in the prevalence of ndernourishment in the late 1990s. The Vietnamese diet displayed increased diversification during the 1990s with a greater role for protein rich animal products and a more balanced diet of nutrients than in India." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Dietary Changes, Calorie Intake and Undernourishment: A Comparative Study of India and Vietnam</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Ray, Ranjan</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Dietary Changes, Calorie Intake and Undernourishment: A Comparative Study of India and Vietnam.</xhtml:em> Discussion Paper. School of Economics and Finance, Tasmania.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2670' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2133/1/DP2007_01_Ray.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2670' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2670"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2133/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2133/1/DP2007_01_Ray.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />150Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/ecofin/home/dispap_by-year/2007.htm">http://www.utas.edu.au/ecofin/home/dispap_by-year/2007.htm</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">This paper examines the changes in the nature and quantity of Food consumption in India during the reforms decade of the 1990s, and analyses their implications for calorie intake and undernourishment. The study documents the decline in cereal consumption, especially in the
urban areas, and provides evidence that suggests an increase in the prevalence of undernourishment over the period, 1987/88 – 2001/2002. The results also point to a
significant number of households, even in the top expenditure decile, suffering from under nourishment. This calls for a reassessment of the current strategy of directing the Targetted Public Distribution System (TPDS) exclusively at households “below the poverty line”
(BPL). This study shows that, both as a source of subsidised calories and as a poverty reducing instrument, the PDS is of much greater importance to the female headed households than it is to the rest of the population. Another important result is that, notwithstanding the
sharp decline in their expenditure share during the 1990s, Rice and Wheat continue to provide the dominant share of calories, especially for the rural poor. The Indian experience is in sharp contrast to that in Vietnam which witnessed a large increase in calorie intake and,
consequently, a decrease in the prevalence of ndernourishment in the late 1990s. The Vietnamese diet displayed increased diversification during the 1990s with a greater role for protein rich animal products and a more balanced diet of nutrients than in India.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Report (Discussion Paper)</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">REPEC, Calorie Intake, Prevalence of Undernourishment, Calorie Price Inflation, Public Distribution System, Backward Classes, Female headed Households.</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/349900.html">340000 Economics > 349900 Other Economics</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/340200.html">340000 Economics > 340200 Applied Economics</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2133</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Ms Tracy Kostiuk</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">10 Oct 2007 12:00</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2133;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2133">item control page</a></p>
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