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<meta content="Male sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) with a specific
restriction fragment length polymorphism fragment
in their major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) genotype (‘O-males’) are more resistant
to ectoparasites (a tick, Ixodes ricinus) than are
males that lack this fragment (‘NO-males’).
However, emerging evidence suggests that
such adaptive immune responses are costly,
here manifested by reduced body condition and
a compromised defence against secondary infections
by haemoprotid parasites that use the
ticks as vectors. Subsequent to tick encounter,
O-males suffer from a higher leucocyte–erythrocyte
ratio, and higher haemoprotid parasitaemia,
in particular in relation to vector encounter
rate. Furthermore, O-males (i.e. successful tick
defenders) with more haemoprotid parasites
remaining in their blood stream were in better
body condition, whereas this did not apply
in NO-males, demonstrating that the adaptive
immunoreaction can—in the short term—be
energetically even more costly than being moderately
parasitized. In agreement with Zahavian
handicap theory, O-males had a (marginally)
higher reproductive success than males that
lacked this fragment." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2005" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="Folstad, I. & Karter, A. J. 1992 Parasites, bright males, and
the immunocompetence handicap. Am. Nat. 139,
603–622.
Hamilton, W. & Zuk, M. 1982 Heritable true fitness and
bright birds A role for parasites?. Science 218, 384–387.
Jacot, A., Scheueber, H. & Brinkhof, M. 2004 Costs of an
induced immune response on sexual display and longevity
in field crickets. Evolution 58, 2280–2286.
Madsen, T., Olsson, M., Wittzell, H., Stille, B., Gullebrg,
A., Shine, R., Andersson, S. & Tegelstro¨m, H. 2000
Population size and genetic diversity in sand lizard
(Lacerta agilis) and adders (Vipera berus). Biol. Cons. 94,
257–262.
Moret, Y. & Schmid-Haempel, P. 2000 Survival for immunity:
the price of immune system activation for bumblebee
workers. Science 290, 1166–1168.
Olsson, M., Madsen, T., Wapstra, E., Silverin, B., Ujvari,
B. & Wittsell, H. In press. MHC, health, colour, and
reproductive success in sand lizards. Behav. Ecol.
Sociobiol.
Olsson, M., Wapstra, E., Madsen, T. & Silverin, B. 2000
Testosterone, ticks, and travels: a test of the immunocompetence-
handicap hypothesis in free-ranging sand
lizards. Proc. R. Soc. B 267, 2339–2343. (doi:10.1098/
rspb.2000.1289.)
Ra°berg, L., Grahn, M., Hasselqvist, D. & Svensson, E.
1998 On the adaptive significance of stress-induced
immunosuppression. Proc. R. Soc. B 265, 1637–1641.
(doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0482.)
Ra°berg, L., Nilsson, J.-A° ., Ilmonen, P., Stjernman, M. &
Hasselqvist, D. 2000 The cost of an immune response:
vaccination reduces parental effort. Ecol. Lett. 3,
382–386.
Rheichenbach-Klinke, H. & Elkan, E. 1965 Diseases of
reptiles. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications.
Sheldon, B. & Verhulst, S. 1996 Ecological immunology:
costly parasite defences and trade-offs in evolutionary
ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11, 317–321.
Svensson, E., Ra°berg, L., Koch, C. & Hasselquist, D. 1998
Energetic stress, immunosuppression and the costs of an
antibody response. Funct. Ecol. 12, 912–919.
Zahavi, A. 1975 Mate selection—a selection for a handicap.
J. Theor. Biol. 53, 205–214." name="eprints.referencetext" />
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<meta content="Male sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) with a specific
restriction fragment length polymorphism fragment
in their major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) genotype (‘O-males’) are more resistant
to ectoparasites (a tick, Ixodes ricinus) than are
males that lack this fragment (‘NO-males’).
However, emerging evidence suggests that
such adaptive immune responses are costly,
here manifested by reduced body condition and
a compromised defence against secondary infections
by haemoprotid parasites that use the
ticks as vectors. Subsequent to tick encounter,
O-males suffer from a higher leucocyte–erythrocyte
ratio, and higher haemoprotid parasitaemia,
in particular in relation to vector encounter
rate. Furthermore, O-males (i.e. successful tick
defenders) with more haemoprotid parasites
remaining in their blood stream were in better
body condition, whereas this did not apply
in NO-males, demonstrating that the adaptive
immunoreaction can—in the short term—be
energetically even more costly than being moderately
parasitized. In agreement with Zahavian
handicap theory, O-males had a (marginally)
higher reproductive success than males that
lacked this fragment." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Costly parasite resistance: a genotype-dependent handicap in sand lizards?</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Olsson, Mats</span> and <span class="person_name">Wapstra, Erik</span> and <span class="person_name">Madsen, Thomas</span> and <span class="person_name">Ujvari, Beata</span> and <span class="person_name">Rugfelt, Carl</span> (2005) <xhtml:em>Costly parasite resistance: a genotype-dependent handicap in sand lizards?</xhtml:em> Biology Letters, 1 . pp. 375-377. ISSN 1744-9561</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2194/1/CostlyParasite.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2194/1/CostlyParasite.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />81Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="2783" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0339">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0339</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Male sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) with a specific
restriction fragment length polymorphism fragment
in their major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) genotype (‘O-males’) are more resistant
to ectoparasites (a tick, Ixodes ricinus) than are
males that lack this fragment (‘NO-males’).
However, emerging evidence suggests that
such adaptive immune responses are costly,
here manifested by reduced body condition and
a compromised defence against secondary infections
by haemoprotid parasites that use the
ticks as vectors. Subsequent to tick encounter,
O-males suffer from a higher leucocyte–erythrocyte
ratio, and higher haemoprotid parasitaemia,
in particular in relation to vector encounter
rate. Furthermore, O-males (i.e. successful tick
defenders) with more haemoprotid parasites
remaining in their blood stream were in better
body condition, whereas this did not apply
in NO-males, demonstrating that the adaptive
immunoreaction can—in the short term—be
energetically even more costly than being moderately
parasitized. In agreement with Zahavian
handicap theory, O-males had a (marginally)
higher reproductive success than males that
lacked this fragment.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">MHC; costly parasite resistance;
handicap; sand lizard</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270203.html">270000 Biological Sciences > 270200 Genetics > 270203 Population and Ecological Genetics</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2194</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Erik Wapstra</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">15 Oct 2007 14:19</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2194;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2194">item control page</a></p>
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