nigel.stanger / Digital_Repository
Transfer to URL with SHA Find file
Newer
Older
Digital_Repository / Misc / Mass downloads / UTas / 882.html
Nigel Stanger on 7 May 2013 36 KB - Imported Misc directory.
Raw Blame History 
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>UTas ePrints - Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
    <style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
    <style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
    <link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
    <link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
    <meta content="Martin-Smith, Keith M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Armstrong, J.D." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Johnsson, J.I." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Bjornsson, B.Th." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Keith.MartinSmith@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="armstrongj@marlab.ac.uk" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-09-27" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
<meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
<meta content="Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of
wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="270701" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content="Salmo salar; social status; territory" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com" name="eprints.note" />
<meta content="Growth hormone (GH) was applied to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr (the pre-migratory
freshwater life stage) to manipulate growth potential experimentally and to elucidate the effects
on dominance status, actual growth, exploratory activity and home range. Experiments were
conducted using seven groups of eight parr from May to September of two successive years.
The fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), tested for dominance, and
then held in an enclosed section of a natural stream which was fitted with an array of PIT tag
detectors to record space use at a definition of c. 2 m. Relationships between dominance rank,
space use and growth were established over 2 weeks. The four lowest ranking fish in each group
were then given a slow-release GH implant while the other fish received a placebo. The GH
stimulated increase in fork length (LF) and mass and decrease in condition factor due to the
relatively greater increase in LF. There was, however, an interaction between GH-stimulated
increase in growth and season, with the hormone having an effect only during the early part of
the summer. Regardless of treatment, fish that moved most around their home range grew
fastest. Increased growth in GH-treated fish was associated with an increase in growth per unit
movement, not increased total movement. This suggested that GH-treated fish increased their
rate of short-distance (<2 m) foraging movements. Overall, space use, measured in terms of
home range size and time allocation throughout the range, did not vary consistently in response
to application of GH. There was a strong correlation between the weighted centre of the home
range (a measure of position within the enclosure) before and after treatment, irrespective of
whether fish were given GH or a placebo. The study shows that when density is low relative to
carrying capacity, GH stimulates increased dominance and growth in a near-natural environment
without having measurable effects on space use at a definition of c. 2 m. The results are
interpreted as suggesting that high dominance status gives no significant growth advantage in a
highly competitive situation, but increases foraging rate when food is abundant. Increased
foraging appears to result from local changes in time budgeting rather than variations in the
extent of home range and larger-scale movements within it. Thus, in areas with declining wild
Atlantic salmon populations where the habitat is unsaturated and food is abundant, introduced
domestic Atlantic salmon may be competitively superior." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2004-12" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Journal of Fish Biology" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="65" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="Supplement A" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="156-172" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00542.x" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="UNSPECIFIED" name="eprints.thesis_type" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0022-1112" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00542.x" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Arendt, J. D. (1997). Adaptive intrinsic growth rates: An integration across taxa.
Quarterly Review of Biology 72, 149-177.
Armstrong, J. D., Braithwaite, V. A. &amp; Huntingford, F. A. (1997). Spatial strategies of
wild Atlantic salmon parr: exploration and settlement in unfamiliar areas. Journal
of Animal Ecology 66, 203-211.
Armstrong, J. D., Huntingford, F. A. &amp; Herbert, N. A. (1999). Individual space use
strategies of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 55, 1201-1212.
doi: 10.1006/jfbi.1999.1126
Bjornsson, B. Th. (1997). The biology of salmon growth hormone: from daylight to
dominance. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 17, 9-24.
Bjornsson, B. Th., Johansson, V., Benedet, S., Einarsdottir, I. E., Hildahl, J., Agustsson,
T. &amp; Jonsson. E. (2004). Growth hormone endocrinology of salmonids: regulatory
mechanisms and mode of action. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 27, 227-242.
Bradbury, J. W. &amp; Vehrencamp, S. L. (1998). Principles of Animal Communication.
Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.
Buck, R. J. G. &amp; Hay, D. W. (1984). The relation between stock size and progeny of
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in a Scottish stream. Journal of Fish Biology 23,
1-11.
Deverill, J. I., Adams, C. E. &amp; Bean, C. W. (1999). Prior residence, aggression and
territory acquisition in hatchery-reared and wild brown trout. Journal of Fish
Biology 55, 868-875. doi: 10.1006/jfbi.1999.1045
Doncaster, C. P. (1990). Non-parametric estimates of interaction from radio-tracking
data. Journal of Theoretical Biology 143, 431-443.
Egglishaw, H. J.&amp; Shackley, P. E. (1977).Growth, survival and production of juvenile salmon
and trout in a Scottish stream. 1966-1975. Journal of Fish Biology 11, 647-672.
Elliott, J. M. (1993). The pattern of natural mortality throughout the life cycle in
contrasting populations of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Fisheries Research 17,
123-136.
Fleming, I. A., Agustsson,T., Finstad, B., Johnsson, J. I. &amp; Bjornsson, B. Th. (2002). Effects
of domestication on growth physiology and endocrinology of Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, 1323-1330.
Garant, D., Fleming, I. A., Einum, S. &amp; Bernatchez, L. (2003). Alternative male
life-history tactics as potential vehicles for speeding introgression of farm salmon
traits into wild populations. Ecology Letters 6, 541-549.
Gedrem, T. (2000). Genetic improvement of cold-water fish species. Aquaculture Research
31, 25-33.
Grant, J. W. A. &amp; Kramer, D. L. (1990). Territory size as a predictor of the upper limit of
population density of juvenile salmonids in streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries
and Aquatic Sciences 47, 1724-1737.
Griffiths, S. W. &amp; Armstrong, J. D. (2002). Kin-biased territory overlap and food sharing
among Atlantic salmon juveniles. Journal of Animal Ecology 71, 480-486.
Herbert, N. A., Armstrong, J. D. &amp; Bjornsson, B. Th. (2001). Evidence that growth
hormone-induced elevation in routine metabolism of juvenile Atlantic salmon is a
result of increased spontaneous activity. Journal of Fish Biology 59, 754-757.
doi: 10.1006/jfbi.2001.1676
Huntingford, F. A. &amp; Turner, A. K. (1987). Animal Conflict. London: Chapman &amp; Hall.
Johnsson, J. I. &amp; Bjornsson, B. Th. (1994). Growth hormone increases growth rate,
appetite and dominance in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Animal
Behaviour 48, 177-186.
Johnsson, J. I. &amp; Bjornsson, B. Th. (2001). Growth-enhanced fish can be competitive in
the wild. Functional Ecology 15, 654-659.
Johnsson, J. I. &amp; Forser, A. (2002). Residence duration influences the outcome
of territorial conflicts in brown trout (Salmo trutta). Behavior Ecology and
Sociobiology 51, 282-286.
Johnsson, J. I., Petersson, E., Jonsson, E., Bjornsson, B. Th. &amp; Jarvi, T. (1996).
Domestication and growth hormone alter antipredator behaviour and growth
patterns in juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences 53, 1546-1554.
Johnsson, J. I., Petersson, E., Jonsson, E. &amp; Bjornsson, B. Th. (1999). Growth
hormone-induced effects on mortality, energy status and growth: a field study
on Brown Trout (Salmo trutta). Functional Ecology 13, 514-522.
Johnsson, J. I., Jonsson, E., Petersson, E., Jarvi, T. &amp; Bjornsson, B. Th. (2000).
Fitness-related effects of growth investment in brown trout under field and
hatchery conditions. Journal of Fish Biology 57, 326-336. doi: 10.1006/jfbi.2000.1305
Jonsson, E., Johnsson, J. I. &amp; Bjornsson, B. Th. (1996). Growth hormone increases
predation exposure of rainbow trout. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
B 263, 647-651.
Jonsson, E., Johnsson, J. I. &amp; Bjornsson, B. Th. (1998). Growth hormone increases
aggressive behavior in juvenile rainbow trout. Hormones and Behaviour 33, 9-15.
Keeley, E. R. &amp; Grant, J. W. A. (1995). Allometric and environmental correlates of
territory size in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, 186-196.
Lima, S. L. &amp; Dill, L. M. (1990). Behavioral decisions under the risk of predation: a
review and prospectus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, 619-640.
Martin-Smith, K. M. &amp; Armstrong, J. D. (2002). Growth rates of wild stream-dwelling
Atlantic salmon correlate with activity and sex but not dominance. Journal of
Animal Ecology 71, 413-423.
McGinnity, P., Prodohl, P., Ferguson, A., Hynes, R., O Maoileidigh, N., Baker, N.,
Cotter, D., O'Hea, B., Cooke, D., Rogan, G., Taggart, J. &amp; Cross, T. (2003).
Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar, as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. Proceedings of
the Royal Society of London B 270, 2443-2450.
Metcalfe, N. B. &amp; Monaghan, P. (2001). Compensation for a bad start: grow now, pay
later? Trends in Ecology &amp; Evolution 16, 254-260.
Metcalfe, N. B., Huntingford, F. A., Graham, W. D. &amp; Thorpe, J. E. (1989). Early
social status and the development of life-history strategies in Atlantic salmon.
Proceedings of The Royal Society of London B 236, 7-19.
Metcalfe, N. B., Taylor, A. C. &amp; Thorpe, J. E. (1995). Metabolic rate, social status and life
history strategies in Atlantic salmon. Animal Behaviour 49, 431-436.
Morgan, I. J. &amp; Metcalfe, N. B. (2001). Deferred costs of compensatory growth after
autumnal food shortage in juvenile salmon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
London B 268, 295-301.
Moss, R., Parr, R. &amp; Lambin, X. (1994). Effects of testosterone on breeding density,
breeding success and survival of red grouse. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
London B 258, 175-180.
Nakano, S. (1995). Individual differences in resource use, growth and emigration under
the influence of a dominance hierarchy in fluvial red-spotted masu salmon in a
natural habitat. Journal of Animal Ecology 64, 75-84.
O'Connor, K. I., Metcalfe, N. B. &amp; Taylor, A. C. (2000). The effects of prior residence on
behavior and growth rates in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Behavioral
Ecology 11, 13-18.
Orpwood, J. E., Griffith, S. W. &amp; Armstrong, J. D. (2003). Effects of size on sympatric
shelter use in overwintering salmonids. Journal of Fish Biology 63 (Suppl. A),
166-173.
Porter, G. (2003). Protecting Wild Salmon from Impacts of Salmon Aquaculture: a Country
by Country Progress Report. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund.
Riechert, S. E. (1998). Game theory and animal contests. In Game Theory and Animal
Behaviour (Dugatkin, L. A. &amp; Reeve, H. K., eds), pp. 64-93. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Roff, D. A. (1992). The Evolution of Life Histories: Theory and Analysis. London:
Chapman &amp; Hall.
Ruxton, G. D., Armstrong, J. D. &amp; Humphries, S. (1999). Modelling territorial behaviour
of animals in variable environments. Animal Behaviour 58, 113-120.
Steingrimsson, S. O. &amp; Grant, J. W. A. (1999). Allometry of territory size and metabolic
rate as predictors of self-thinning in young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon. Journal of
Animal Ecology 68, 17-26.
Weber, E. D. &amp; Fausch, K. D. (2003). Interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids
in streams: differences in biology and evidence for competition. Canadian Journal
of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, 1018-1036.
Youngson, A. F. &amp; Verspoor, E. (1998). Interactions between wild and introduced
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
55 (Suppl. 1), 153-160.
Zar, J. H. (1999). Biostatistical Analysis, 4th edn. Harlow: Pearson Educational." name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Martin-Smith, Keith M. and Armstrong, J.D. and Johnsson, J.I. and Bjornsson, B.Th. (2004) Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use. Journal of Fish Biology, 65 (Supplement A). pp. 156-172. ISSN 0022-1112" name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/882/1/Martin-Smith_et_al_2004b.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
<meta content="Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of
wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Martin-Smith, Keith M." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Armstrong, J.D." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Johnsson, J.I." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Bjornsson, B.Th." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="270701 Freshwater Ecology" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="Growth hormone (GH) was applied to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr (the pre-migratory
freshwater life stage) to manipulate growth potential experimentally and to elucidate the effects
on dominance status, actual growth, exploratory activity and home range. Experiments were
conducted using seven groups of eight parr from May to September of two successive years.
The fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), tested for dominance, and
then held in an enclosed section of a natural stream which was fitted with an array of PIT tag
detectors to record space use at a definition of c. 2 m. Relationships between dominance rank,
space use and growth were established over 2 weeks. The four lowest ranking fish in each group
were then given a slow-release GH implant while the other fish received a placebo. The GH
stimulated increase in fork length (LF) and mass and decrease in condition factor due to the
relatively greater increase in LF. There was, however, an interaction between GH-stimulated
increase in growth and season, with the hormone having an effect only during the early part of
the summer. Regardless of treatment, fish that moved most around their home range grew
fastest. Increased growth in GH-treated fish was associated with an increase in growth per unit
movement, not increased total movement. This suggested that GH-treated fish increased their
rate of short-distance (<2 m) foraging movements. Overall, space use, measured in terms of
home range size and time allocation throughout the range, did not vary consistently in response
to application of GH. There was a strong correlation between the weighted centre of the home
range (a measure of position within the enclosure) before and after treatment, irrespective of
whether fish were given GH or a placebo. The study shows that when density is low relative to
carrying capacity, GH stimulates increased dominance and growth in a near-natural environment
without having measurable effects on space use at a definition of c. 2 m. The results are
interpreted as suggesting that high dominance status gives no significant growth advantage in a
highly competitive situation, but increases foraging rate when food is abundant. Increased
foraging appears to result from local changes in time budgeting rather than variations in the
extent of home range and larger-scale movements within it. Thus, in areas with declining wild
Atlantic salmon populations where the habitat is unsaturated and food is abundant, introduced
domestic Atlantic salmon may be competitively superior." name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2004-12" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/882/1/Martin-Smith_et_al_2004b.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00542.x" name="DC.relation" />
<meta content="Martin-Smith, Keith M. and Armstrong, J.D. and Johnsson, J.I. and Bjornsson, B.Th. (2004) Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use. Journal of Fish Biology, 65 (Supplement A). pp. 156-172. ISSN 0022-1112" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/882/" name="DC.relation" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-882.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-882.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-882.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-882.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/DC/epprod-eprint-882.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/DIDL/epprod-eprint-882.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/EndNote/epprod-eprint-882.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/HTML/epprod-eprint-882.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/METS/epprod-eprint-882.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/MODS/epprod-eprint-882.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/RIS/epprod-eprint-882.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/Refer/epprod-eprint-882.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/Simple/epprod-eprint-882text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/Text/epprod-eprint-882.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/882/XML/epprod-eprint-882.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />

  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
    
    <div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>




<table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
        <!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
        <tr>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
          <td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
          <td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
          <td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
          <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
        </tr>
      </table></td>
  </tr>
    <tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
      <td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
      <td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
        <form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
          <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
          <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
          <input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
          <input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
          <input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
        </form>
      </td>
    </tr></table></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->


<div align="center">
  
  <table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Martin-Smith, Keith M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Armstrong, J.D.</span> and <span class="person_name">Johnsson, J.I.</span> and <span class="person_name">Bjornsson, B.Th.</span> (2004) <xhtml:em>Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use.</xhtml:em> Journal of Fish Biology, 65 (Supplement A). pp. 156-172. ISSN 0022-1112</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/882/1/Martin-Smith_et_al_2004b.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/882/1/Martin-Smith_et_al_2004b.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />189Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00542.x">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00542.x</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Growth hormone (GH) was applied to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr (the pre-migratory
freshwater life stage) to manipulate growth potential experimentally and to elucidate the effects
on dominance status, actual growth, exploratory activity and home range. Experiments were
conducted using seven groups of eight parr from May to September of two successive years.
The fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), tested for dominance, and
then held in an enclosed section of a natural stream which was fitted with an array of PIT tag
detectors to record space use at a definition of c. 2 m. Relationships between dominance rank,
space use and growth were established over 2 weeks. The four lowest ranking fish in each group
were then given a slow-release GH implant while the other fish received a placebo. The GH
stimulated increase in fork length (LF) and mass and decrease in condition factor due to the
relatively greater increase in LF. There was, however, an interaction between GH-stimulated
increase in growth and season, with the hormone having an effect only during the early part of
the summer. Regardless of treatment, fish that moved most around their home range grew
fastest. Increased growth in GH-treated fish was associated with an increase in growth per unit
movement, not increased total movement. This suggested that GH-treated fish increased their
rate of short-distance (&lt;2 m) foraging movements. Overall, space use, measured in terms of
home range size and time allocation throughout the range, did not vary consistently in response
to application of GH. There was a strong correlation between the weighted centre of the home
range (a measure of position within the enclosure) before and after treatment, irrespective of
whether fish were given GH or a placebo. The study shows that when density is low relative to
carrying capacity, GH stimulates increased dominance and growth in a near-natural environment
without having measurable effects on space use at a definition of c. 2 m. The results are
interpreted as suggesting that high dominance status gives no significant growth advantage in a
highly competitive situation, but increases foraging rate when food is abundant. Increased
foraging appears to result from local changes in time budgeting rather than variations in the
extent of home range and larger-scale movements within it. Thus, in areas with declining wild
Atlantic salmon populations where the habitat is unsaturated and food is abundant, introduced
domestic Atlantic salmon may be competitively superior.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Salmo salar; social status; territory</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270701.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270700 Ecology and Evolution &gt; 270701 Freshwater Ecology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">882</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Keith Martin-Smith</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">27 Sep 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=882;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=882">item control page</a></p>
  </td></tr></table>
</div>



    <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
    <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
  <tr valign="top">
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
© University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
      <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright &amp; Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a>  </td>
        <td width="32%"><div align="right">
            <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
            <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
            </a></p>
        </div></td>
      </tr>
      <tr valign="top">
        <td><p>  </p></td>
        <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
    <div align="center"></div></td>
  </tr>
</table>

  </body>
</html>