(As per https://best-mac-tips.com/2021/10/20/disable-customise-interval-microsoft-autoupdate-macos/.)
The default auto-update interval for Microsoft Office is every two hours (7200 seconds)! To set to one week:
sudo plutil -replace StartInterval -integer 604800 /Library/LaunchAgents/com.microsoft.update.agent.plist launchctl unload /Library/LaunchAgents/com.microsoft.update.agent.plist launchctl load /Library/LaunchAgents/com.microsoft.update.agent.plist
Disable completely using:
launchctl disable gui/$(id -u)/com.microsoft.update.agent
This will get reset by any updates to Microsoft AutoUpdate.